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Xu J, Zhou R, Blum V, Li TE, Hammes-Schiffer S, Kanai Y. First-Principles Approach for Coupled Quantum Dynamics of Electrons and Protons in Heterogeneous Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:238002. [PMID: 38134781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.238002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and protons is ubiquitous in many dynamical processes involving light-matter interaction, such as solar energy conversion in chemical systems and photosynthesis. A first-principles description of such nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics requires not only the time-dependent treatment of nonequilibrium electron dynamics but also that of quantum protons. Quantum mechanical correlation between electrons and protons adds further complexity to such coupled dynamics. Here we extend real-time nuclear-electronic orbital time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT) to periodic systems and perform first-principles simulations of coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and protons in complex heterogeneous systems. The process studied is an electronically excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde in water and at a silicon (111) semiconductor-molecule interface. These simulations illustrate how environments such as hydrogen-bonding water molecules and an extended material surface impact the dynamical process on the atomistic level. Depending on how the molecule is chemisorbed on the surface, excited-state electron transfer from the molecule to the semiconductor surface can inhibit ultrafast proton transfer within the molecule. This Letter elucidates how heterogeneous environments influence the balance between the quantum mechanical proton transfer and excited electron dynamics. The periodic RT-NEO-TDDFT approach is applicable to a wide range of other photoinduced heterogeneous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Wong JC, Kanai Y. First Principles Dynamics Study of Excited Hole Relaxation in DNA. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100521. [PMID: 34494706 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A recent theoretical work showed that ion irradiation generates excited holes deep within the valence band of DNA. In this work, we investigate the excited hole relaxation toward HOMO using a first-principles computational method following such ionization events. The excited hole relaxation is found to depend significantly on the energetic position of the excited hole generated. The relaxation process is found to be an order of magnitude slower for holes that are generated deeper than 20 eV than those generated within 10 eV, where the probability for the initial ionization events is the highest. However, the excited holes that are generated in different spatial moieties such as DNA nucleotide bases and phosphate backbones do not show noticeable differences in terms of the relaxation time. Our work also shows that decoherence due to nuclei dynamics slows down the relaxation by a factor of two or more. At the same time, the relaxation time is found to be less than a couple of picoseconds, much shorter than typical timescales associated with chemical bond dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Lystrom L, Tamukong P, Mihaylov D, Kilina S. Phonon-Driven Energy Relaxation in PbS/CdS and PbSe/CdSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4269-4278. [PMID: 32354213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of the chemical composition on phonon-mediated exciton relaxation in the core/shell quantum dots (QDs), with 1 nm core made of PbX and the monolayer shell made of CdX, where X = S and Se. For this, time-domain nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) based on density functional theory (DFT) and surface hopping techniques are applied. Simulations reveal twice faster energy relaxation in PbS/CdS than PbSe/CdSe because of dominant couplings to higher-energy optical phonons in structures with sulfur anions. For both QDs, the long-living intermediate states associated with the core-shell interface govern the dynamics. Therefore, a simple exponential model is not appropriate, and the four-state irreversible kinetic model is suggested instead, predicting 0.9 and 0.5 ps relaxation rates in PbSe/CdSe and PbS/CdS QDs, respectively. Thus, 2 nm PdSe/CdSe QDs with a single monolayer shell exhibit the phonon-mediated relaxation time sufficient for carrier multiplications to outpace energy dissipation and benefit the solar conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Lystrom
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Patrick Tamukong
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Deyan Mihaylov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Levine BG, Esch MP, Fales BS, Hardwick DT, Peng WT, Shu Y. Conical Intersections at the Nanoscale: Molecular Ideas for Materials. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:21-43. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict and describe nonradiative processes in molecules via the identification and characterization of conical intersections is one of the greatest recent successes of theoretical chemistry. Only recently, however, has this concept been extended to materials science, where nonradiative recombination limits the efficiencies of materials for various optoelectronic applications. In this review, we present recent advances in the theoretical study of conical intersections in semiconductor nanomaterials. After briefly introducing conical intersections, we argue that specific defects in materials can induce conical intersections between the ground and first excited electronic states, thus introducing pathways for nonradiative recombination. We present recent developments in theoretical methods, computational tools, and chemical intuition for the prediction of such defect-induced conical intersections. Through examples in various nanomaterials, we illustrate the significance of conical intersections for nanoscience. We also discuss challenges facing research in this area and opportunities for progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Michael P. Esch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B. Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dylan T. Hardwick
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Wei-Tao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Li L, Carter EA. Defect-Mediated Charge-Carrier Trapping and Nonradiative Recombination in WSe2 Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10451-10461. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Hong Y, Wu Y, Wu S, Wang X, Zhang J. Overview of Computational Simulations in Quantum Dots. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | | | - Shuimu Wu
- SPIC Power Plant Operation Technology (Beijing) CO., Ltd Beijing 102209 China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Thermal Science and TechnologyShandong University Jinan 250061 China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Holland Computing CenterUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
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Yost DC, Kanai Y. Electronic Excitation Dynamics in DNA under Proton and α-Particle Irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5241-5251. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon C. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Han Y, Anderson K, Hobbie EK, Boudjouk P, Kilin DS. Unraveling Photodimerization of Cyclohexasilane from Molecular Dynamics Studies. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4349-4354. [PMID: 30004709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reactions of a pair of cyclohexasilane (CHS) monomers are explored by time-dependent excited-state molecular dynamics (TDESMD) calculations. In TDESMD trajectories, one observes vivid reaction events including dimerization and fragmentation. A general reaction pathway is identified as (i) ring-opening formation of a dimer, (ii) rearrangement induced by bond breaking, and (iii) decomposition through the elimination of small fragments. The identified pathway supports the chemistry proposed for the fabrication of silicon-based materials using CHS as a precursor. In addition, we find dimers have smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps and exhibit a red shift and line-width broadening in the computed photoluminescence spectra compared with a pair of CHS monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Kenneth Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Erik K Hobbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Philip Boudjouk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
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Mandal A, Yamijala SSRKC, Huo P. Quasi-Diabatic Representation for Nonadiabatic Dynamics Propagation. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:1828-1840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Sharma SRKC Yamijala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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10
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Yao Y, Kanai Y. Free Energy Profile of NaCl in Water: First-Principles Molecular Dynamics with SCAN and ωB97X-V Exchange–Correlation Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:884-893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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11
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Li L, Kanai Y. Dependence of hot electron transfer on surface coverage and adsorbate species at semiconductor–molecule interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12986-12991. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing a molecular-level understanding of how a hot electron transfer process can be enhanced at semiconductor–molecule interfaces is central to advancing various future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesheng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- North Carolina 27599
- USA
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- North Carolina 27599
- USA
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12
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Li L, Wong JC, Kanai Y. Examining the Effect of Exchange-Correlation Approximations in First-Principles Dynamics Simulation of Interfacial Charge Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2634-2641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jian Cheng Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Orbital order switching in molecular calculations using GGA functionals: Qualitative errors in materials modeling for electrochemical power sources and how to fix them. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Guo Z, Giokas PG, Cheshire TP, Williams OF, Dirkes DJ, You W, Moran AM. Ultrafast Spectroscopic Signatures of Coherent Electron-Transfer Mechanisms in a Transition Metal Complex. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5773-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Paul G. Giokas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas P. Cheshire
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Olivia F. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David J. Dirkes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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