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Li J, Li Y, Wu B, Xie M, Hu Y. Proton Transfer Processes in 2-Butenenitrile Dimer Cation Studied by Mass-Selective Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4694-4700. [PMID: 38833155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
2-Butenenitrile (2-Bu) is a recently discovered crucial interstellar molecule. Herein, an abnormal NH band was observed in the infrared spectrum of the 2-Bu dimer cation, suggestive of a proton transfer reaction within the cluster. Through a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the IR spectrum of (2-Bu)2+, we discovered not only the formation of a new C-N bond through the attachment of one 2-Bu to another but also the occurrence of a proton transfer reaction in the cluster. This proton was identified as originating from the methyl group of the attaching 2-Bu in the cluster based on the analysis of IR spectra of (2-Bu)+ and [2-Bu-acrylonitrile (AN)]+. Furthermore, the detailed reaction process of this ion-molecule reaction is examined with theoretical calculation. This finding contributes significantly to our deeper understanding of ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase and the formation of nitrogen-containing prebiotic molecules in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yujian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Min Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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George MAR, Dopfer O. Microhydration of the adamantane cation: intracluster proton transfer to solvent in [Ad(H 2O) n=1-5] + for n ≥ 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13593-13610. [PMID: 37144298 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radical cations of diamondoids are important intermediates in their functionalization reactions in polar solvents. To explore the role of the solvent at the molecular level, we characterize herein microhydrated radical cation clusters of the parent molecule of the diamondoid family, adamantane (C10H16, Ad), by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of mass-selected [Ad(H2O)n=1-5]+ clusters. IRPD spectra of the cation ground electronic state recorded in the CH/OH stretch and fingerprint ranges reveal the first steps of this fundamental H-substitution reaction at the molecular level. Analysis of size-dependent frequency shifts with dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/cc-pVTZ) provides detailed information about the acidity of the proton of Ad+ as a function of the degree of hydration, the structure of the hydration shell, and the strengths of the CH⋯O and OH⋯O hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the hydration network. For n = 1, H2O strongly activates the acidic C-H bond of Ad+ by acting as a proton acceptor in a strong CH⋯O ionic H-bond with cation-dipole configuration. For n = 2, the proton is almost equally shared between the adamantyl radical (C10H15, Ady) and the (H2O)2 dimer in a strong C⋯H⋯O ionic H-bond. For n ≥ 3, the proton is completely transferred to the H-bonded hydration network. The threshold for this size-dependent intracluster proton transfer to solvent is consistent with the proton affinities of Ady and (H2O)n and confirmed by collision-induced dissociation experiments. Comparison with other related microhydrated cations reveals that the acidity of the CH proton of Ad+ is in the range of strongly acidic phenol+ but lower than for cationic linear alkanes such as pentane+. Significantly, the presented IRPD spectra of microhydrated Ad+ provide the first spectroscopic molecular-level insight of the chemical reactivity and reaction mechanism of the important class of transient diamondoid radical cations in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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George MAR, Förstel M, Dopfer O. Infrared Spectrum of the Adamantane
+
–Water Cation: Hydration‐Induced C−H Bond Activation and Free Internal Water Rotation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Förstel
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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George MAR, Förstel M, Dopfer O. Infrared Spectrum of the Adamantane + -Water Cation: Hydration-Induced C-H Bond Activation and Free Internal Water Rotation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12098-12104. [PMID: 32392402 PMCID: PMC7383494 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diamondoid cations are reactive intermediates in their functionalization reactions in polar solution. Hydration is predicted to strongly activate their C-H bonds in initial proton abstraction reactions. To study the effects of microhydration on the properties of diamondoid cations, we characterize herein the prototypical monohydrated adamantane cation (C10 H16 + -H2 O, Ad+ -W) in its ground electronic state by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the CH and OH stretch ranges and dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The water (W) ligand binds to the acidic CH group of Jahn-Teller distorted Ad+ via a strong CH⋅⋅⋅O ionic H-bond supported by charge-dipole forces. Although W further enhances the acidity of this CH group along with a proton shift toward the solvent, the proton remains with Ad+ in the monohydrate. We infer essentially free internal W rotation from rotational fine structure of the ν3 band of W, resulting from weak angular anisotropy of the Ad+ -W potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andreas Robert George
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Förstel
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Li Y, Song W, Jiang N, Zhang Z, Xie M, Hu Y. Structural rearrangement of the acrylonitrile (AN) cluster in the gas phase under VUV one-photon radiation explored by mass-selected infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117620. [PMID: 31610467 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acrylonitrile (AN), one of the most abundant nitriles in space, is considered to closely relate to the formation of interstellar prebiotic nitrogen-containing aromatics. Herein, we measured the vibrational spectra of acrylonitrile cluster cations (AN)2,3+ in a supersonic jet using infrared (IR) dissociation with vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. Interestingly, the observed IR spectra demonstrate that a new molecular ion [Formula: see text] , is generated from the dimer and trimer of AN upon VUV single-photo ionization. Calculation results reveal that the new molecular cations can be generated through a relative low energy barrier after ionization of the neutral (AN)2. However, the reaction pathways are barrierless for the trimer, in which the third solvent AN acts as a catalyst. The mechanisms of those reactions also have been discussed in detail. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ion-molecule reaction in gas-phase and the quest for the formation of prebiotic N -containing molecules in the outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wentao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ningjing Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Min Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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6
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Guo M, Wu H, Yang M, Luo Z. Acetone Dimer Hydrogenation under Vacuum Ultraviolet: An Intracluster Trimolecular Dissociation Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10739-10745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Endo T, Matsuda Y, Moriyama S, Fujii A. Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Trimethyl Amine Radical Cation: Correlation between Proton-Donating Ability and Structural Deformation. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5945-5950. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan
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8
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Ghosh S, Wategaonkar S. C–H···O Hydrogen Bond Anchored Water Bridge in 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene-Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3851-3862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Sanjay Wategaonkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
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9
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Matsuda Y, Xie M, Fujii A. An integrated experimental and theoretical reaction path search: analyses of the multistage reaction of an ionized diethylether dimer involving isomerization, proton transfer, and dissociation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14331-14338. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08566d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multistage reaction involving isomerization, proton transfer, and dissociation of an ionized diethylether dimer is studied by combination of infrared spectroscopy, tandem mass spectrometry, and a theoretical reaction path search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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