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Rodríguez-Galván A, Reyes M, Ávila-Cruz M, Rivera M, Basiuk VA. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Lipoic Acid, Mannose, and cRGD@AuNPs Conjugates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2596. [PMID: 37764625 PMCID: PMC10534414 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of AuNPs with different biological elements was achieved to investigate their possibility in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, vaccine development, sensing, and imaging. Biofunctionalized AuNPs are pursued for applications such as drug delivery, vaccine development, sensing, and imaging. In this study, AuNPs with diameters of 20 nm were functionalized with lipoic acid, mannose, or the cRGD peptide. By using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, we showed that AuNPs can be functionalized by these biomolecules in a reliable way to obtain conjugates to explore potential biomedical applications. In particular, we demonstrate that the STM technique can be employed to analyze biofunctionalized AuNPs, and the obtained information can be valuable in the design of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Galván
- Carrera de Biología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.R.); (M.Á.-C.)
| | - Mitzi Reyes
- Carrera de Biología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.R.); (M.Á.-C.)
| | - Marisol Ávila-Cruz
- Carrera de Biología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.R.); (M.Á.-C.)
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Instituto de Física, Departamento de Materia Condensada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Vladimir A. Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior C.U., Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Pensa E, Azofra LM, Salvarezza RC, Carro P. Effect of Ligands on the Stability of Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6475-6480. [PMID: 35816759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are atomic architectures that can be precisely tailored for catalytic applications. In this work, we studied two benchmark AuNCs, Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60, covered by aromatic and aliphatic ligands to envision how the 3D structure of the ligand impacts the stability of the nanomaterial. Surprisingly, we found that increasing the alkanethiol length has a poor or null effect on the stability of the AuNCs, a trend opposite to that on Au(111) surfaces. When considering the aromatic or aliphatic nature, the AuNC stability follows the same trend as on Au(111): the thermodynamical stability is dictated by the ligand density rather than its chemical nature, where the aliphatic ligand imparts more stability than the aromatic one. Our findings provide a tool to predict how an ultrasmall gold core can interact with the environment, substrate, and themselves according to the stability of its protecting ligand shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Pensa
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Roberto C Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pilar Carro
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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Li X, Guo Y, Cao H. Nanostructured surfaces from ligand-protected metal nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14314-14319. [PMID: 33043928 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructuring surfaces with metal atoms or clusters represents a promising approach to create materials with unique electronic/magnetic properties and improved chemical reactivity. By means of plasma sputtering and mass spectrometric techniques, the deposition of precisely size-selected clusters onto single-crystal surfaces has been applied to prepare surfaces with tailored properties. However, nanostructured surfaces can as well be prepared with metal nanoparticles via solution-phase methods, but the difference is that nanoparticles prepared by wet chemistry are usually coated with a layer of ligands, which are essential not only for maintaining the size and the atomic structure of metallic cores, but also for playing crucial roles in the synthesis, physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of the nanoparticles. This Frontier covers aspects of nanostructured surfaces from ligand-protected metal nanoparticles, starting with high-resolution imaging of the ligand-protected metal nanoparticles, followed by periodic patterning of metal nanoparticles on surfaces and the well-controlled atomic layer deposition with nanoclusters at the liquid/solid interface. We also highlight the potential of the surface-supported structures from ligand-protected metal nanoparticles, and the challenges remaining to be tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yiming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Hai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Kazan R, Müller U, Bürgi T. Doping of thiolate protected gold clusters through reaction with metal surfaces. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2938-2945. [PMID: 30693918 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new technique is introduced for doping gold nanoclusters by using a metal surface such as Ag, Cu and Cd as a source of heteroatoms. The importance of the thiol ligand in the doping process is examined by following the reactions with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the presence and the absence of the thiols on the surface. The doping reactions depend greatly on the type of the cluster and the availability of the ligand which is a crucial element for alloying. The thiol acts as a messenger exchanging the metal atoms between the cluster and the metal surface as revealed by the XPS studies performed on the metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Kazan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Alloa E, Grande V, Dilmurat R, Beljonne D, Würthner F, Hayes SC. Resonance Raman study of the J-type aggregation process of a water soluble perylene bisimide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18300-18309. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy offers a detailed molecular picture of the conformation of a water-soluble PBI in a supramolecular J aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alloa
- University of Cyprus
- Department of Chemistry
- Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Vincenzo Grande
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Rishat Dilmurat
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Würzburg
- Germany
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Hosseini S, Alsiraey N, Riley AJ, Zubkov T, Closson T, Tye J, Bodappa N, Li Z. Variable Growth and Characterizations of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles Based on Molar Ratio of Gold and Capping Ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15517-15525. [PMID: 30472860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the size of nanoscale entities is important because many properties of nanomaterials are directly related to the size of the particles. Gold nanoparticles represent classic materials and are of particular interest due to their potential application in a variety of fields. In this study, hexanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles are synthesized via the Brust-Schiffrin method. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. We have varied the molar ratio of gold to the protecting agent (hexanethiol) to discover the effect of gold-to-hexanethiol ligand ratio on the size of gold particles. The clear correlation between particle size and molar ratio is found that the averaged particle size decreases from 4.28 ± 0.83 to 1.54 ± 0.67 nm as the gold-to-ligand molar ratio changes from 1:1 to 1:9. In contrast to a recent report that thiolated gold nanoparticles are under spontaneous disintegration when they are assembled on a gold substrate, our STM experiments proved that these gold nanoparticles can form a stable monolayer or multiple layers on the platinum electrode without observing disintegration within 72 h. Therefore, our STM experiments demonstrate that the disintegration behavior of gold nanoparticles is related to the type of ligands and the nature of substrate materials. In electrochemical experiments, these gold nanoparticles displayed an electrochemical quantized charging effect, making these nanoparticles useful in the device applications such as electrochemical or biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nouf Alsiraey
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Andrew J Riley
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Tykhon Zubkov
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Trent Closson
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Jesse Tye
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Nataraju Bodappa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , Bern CH-3012 , Switzerland
| | - Zhihai Li
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
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