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Dan X, Shi Q. Theoretical study of nonadiabatic hydrogen atom scattering dynamics on metal surfaces using the hierarchical equations of motion method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044101. [PMID: 37486050 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces is investigated based on a simplified Newns-Anderson model. Both the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. By partitioning all the surface electronic states as the bath, the hierarchical equations of motion method for the fermionic bath is employed to simulate the scattering dynamics. It is found that, with a reasonable set of parameters, the main features of the recent experimental studies of hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces can be reproduced. Vibrational states on the chemisorption state whose energies are close to the incident energy are found to play an important role, and the scattering process is dominated by a single-pass electronic transition forth and back between the diabatic physisorption and chemisorption states. Further study on the effects of the atom-surface coupling strength reveals that, upon increasing the atom-surface coupling strength, the scattering mechanism changes from typical nonadiabatic transitions to dynamics in the electronic friction regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhao Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Quan J, Krüger BC, Stoicescu P, Nieman R, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM, Guo H, Park GB. Spin-dependent reactivity and spin-flipping dynamics in oxygen atom scattering from graphite. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01204-2. [PMID: 37217785 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of two-electron chemical bonds requires the alignment of spins. Hence, it is well established for gas-phase reactions that changing a molecule's electronic spin state can dramatically alter its reactivity. For reactions occurring at surfaces, which are of great interest during, among other processes, heterogeneous catalysis, there is an absence of definitive state-to-state experiments capable of observing spin conservation and therefore the role of electronic spin in surface chemistry remains controversial. Here we use an incoming/outgoing correlation ion imaging technique to perform scattering experiments for O(3P) and O(1D) atoms colliding with a graphite surface, in which the initial spin-state distribution is controlled and the final spin states determined. We demonstrate that O(1D) is more reactive with graphite than O(3P). We also identify electronically nonadiabatic pathways whereby incident O(1D) is quenched to O(3P), which departs from the surface. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations carried out on high-dimensional machine-learning-assisted first-principles potential energy surfaces, we obtain a mechanistic understanding for this system: spin-forbidden transitions do occur, but with low probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ximei Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jiamei Quan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian C Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paula Stoicescu
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel J Auerbach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - G Barratt Park
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Yehorova D, Kretchmer JS. A multi-fragment real-time extension of projected density matrix embedding theory: Non-equilibrium electron dynamics in extended systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:131102. [PMID: 37031109 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we derive a multi-fragment real-time extension of the projected density matrix embedding theory (pDMET) designed to treat non-equilibrium electron dynamics in strongly correlated systems. As in the previously developed static pDMET, the real time pDMET partitions the total system into many fragments; the coupling between each fragment and the rest of the system is treated through a compact representation of the environment in terms of a quantum bath. The real-time pDMET involves simultaneously propagating the wavefunctions for each separate fragment–bath embedding system along with an auxiliary mean-field wavefunction of the total system. The equations of motion are derived by (i) projecting the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the fragment and bath space associated with each separate fragment and by (ii) enforcing the pDMET matching conditions between the global 1-particle reduced density matrix (1-RDM) obtained from the fragment calculations and the mean-field 1-RDM at all points in time. The accuracy of the method is benchmarked through comparisons to time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group and time-dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) theory; the methods were applied to a one- and two-dimensional single-impurity Anderson model and multi-impurity Anderson models with ordered and disordered distributions of the impurities. The results demonstrate a large improvement over TDHF and rapid convergence to the exact dynamics with an increase in fragment size. Our results demonstrate that the real-time pDMET is a promising and flexible method that balances accuracy and efficiency to simulate the non-equilibrium electron dynamics in heterogeneous systems of large size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Yehorova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Joshua S. Kretchmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Baiardi A. Electron Dynamics with the Time-Dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3320-3334. [PMID: 34043347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we simulate the electron dynamics in molecular systems with the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TD-DMRG) algorithm. We leverage the generality of the so-called tangent-space TD-DMRG formulation and design a computational framework in which the dynamics is driven by the exact nonrelativistic electronic Hamiltonian. We show that by parametrizing the wave function as a matrix product state, we can accurately simulate the dynamics of systems including up to 20 electrons and 32 orbitals. We apply the TD-DMRG algorithm to three problems that are hardly targeted by time-independent methods: the calculation of molecular (hyper)polarizabilities, the simulation of electronic absorption spectra, and the study of ultrafast ionization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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