1
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Pradhan E, Zeng T. The Lack of Triplet Fusion for an Intramolecular Singlet Fission Chromophore: The Expected, the Unexpected, and a Reconciliation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:43-50. [PMID: 38127796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) has the potential to play a key role in photovoltaics since it generates a larger number of longer-lived triplet excitons after photoabsorption. Intramolecular SF (iSF) is of special interest since it enables tuning of SF efficiency by adjusting interchromophore configuration through covalent interaction. However, as elaborated in the present work, iSF chromophores are doomed to dissatisfy one general thermodynamic criterion for all SF chromophores, intramolecular or not: E(T2) ≥ 2E(T1), and therefore, the fusion of two triplet excitons to one triplet exciton is thermodynamically favorable. In our nonadiabatic quantum dynamics simulation for a model iSF chromophore, this expected fusion does not occur, because of the inefficient intersystem crossing hidden under the cover of internal conversion of the triplet fusion. A reconciliation is achieved between the dissatisfaction of E(T2) ≥ 2E(T1) and the large tetraradical character for general iSF chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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2
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López X, Straatsma TP, Sánchez-Mansilla A, de Graaf C. Non-orthogonal Configuration Interaction Study on the Effect of Thermal Distortions on the Singlet Fission Process in Photoexcited Pure and B,N-Doped Pentacene Crystals. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:16249-16258. [PMID: 37811311 PMCID: PMC10552079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The present computational work analyzes singlet fission (SF) as a pathway for multiplication of photogenerated excitons in crystalline polyacenes. Our study explores the well-known crystalline pentacene (C22H14) and the prospective and potentially interesting doped B,N-pentacene (BC20NH14). At the molecular level, the singlet fission process involves a pair of neighboring molecules and is based on the coupling between an excited singlet state (S1S0) and two singlet-coupled triplets (1T1T1), which, typically, is influenced by an intermolecular charge transfer state. Taking data from periodic density functional theory and ab initio wave function calculations, we applied the non-orthogonal configuration interaction method to determine electronic coupling parameters. The comparison of the results for both equilibrium structures reveal smaller SF coupling for pentacene than for B,N-pentacene by a factor of ∼5. Introduction of the dynamic behavior to the crystals (vibrations, thermal motion) provides a more realistic picture of the effect of the disorder at the molecular level on the SF efficiency. The coupling values associated to out-of-equilibrium structures show that most of the S1S0/1T1T1 couplings remain virtually constant or slightly increase for pentacene when molecular disorder is introduced. Homologous calculations on B,N-pentacene show a generalized decrease in the coupling values, notably if large phonon displacements are considered. A few of the structures analyzed feature much larger SF coupling if some distortion results in (nearly) degenerate charge transfer and excited singlet and triplet states. For these particular situations, an acceleration of the SF process could occur although in competition with electron-hole separation as an alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier López
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tjerk P. Straatsma
- National
Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6373, United States of America
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States of America
| | - Aitor Sánchez-Mansilla
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA). Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Wang F, Bu Y. A Ground-State Dual-Descriptor Strategy for Screening Efficient Singlet Fission Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7198-7207. [PMID: 37549938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of singlet fission (SF) materials is vital for enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices, and the development of an effective screening means is in great demand. In this work, we for the first time propose a promising dual-descriptor strategy to predict the SF energetics (ΔESF) from ground-state electronic properties, the gap (GapHL) and exchange energy (KHL) between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), where GapHL plays a dominant role and KHL acts as a correction. This strategy is statistically verified through exploring the effect of N-doping on the electronic/energetic properties of the N-doped tetracene derivatives and isomers. Several rules of thumb are suggested, and the reliability of this strategy is validated by comparison with experiments. This work proposes a novel strategy for exploring SF chromophores with insights into the SF energetics from ground-state properties and certainly has fundamental interest and generality in exploring efficient SF-capable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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4
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Pradhan E, Zeng T. Triplet Separation after the Fastest Intramolecular Singlet Fission in the Smallest Chromophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2092-2101. [PMID: 36966419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is of key importance in harvesting solar energy in solar cells, as it generates a pair of triplet excitons on the incidence of a photon. This phenomenon is not yet widely employed in the organic photovoltaics industry mostly because of the rarity of singlet fission chromophores. Pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline-1,4,6,9-tetraoxide was recently designed as the smallest intramolecular singlet fission chromophore, and it undergoes the fastest singlet fission with a 16 fs time scale. The subsequent separation of the generated triplet-pair is of likewise importance as their efficient generation. Through quantum chemistry calculations and quantum dynamics simulations, we show that the triplet-pair separates to residing on two chromophores with an ∼80% probability on each collision between a chromophore with the triplet-pair and a ground state chromophore. Avoided crossing, instead of conical intersection, is involved in the efficient exciton separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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5
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Pradhan E, Zeng T. Design of the Smallest Intramolecular Singlet Fission Chromophore with the Fastest Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11076-11085. [PMID: 36417555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We designed an intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) chromophore, pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline-1,4,6,9-tetraoxide. Appropriate substitutions into anthracene enhance the tetraradical character, so that the molecule accommodates a pair of triplet excitons in its lowest singlet excited state. Our simulation showed a 16 fs fast iSF of the design, which is a new record. The design also sets a new record of small size iSF chromophore and high exciton density. The design can be synthesized by oxidizing the tertiary N centers of the existent pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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6
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Walia R, Yang J. Exploring optimal multimode vibronic pathways in singlet fission of azaborine analogues of perylene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1689-1700. [PMID: 35716333 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new singlet fission chromophores is a vibrant area of research to explore the possibility of efficient photovoltaic devices. Using high-level ab-initio density matrix renormalization group calculations, we present a systematic analysis of BN-doped perylenes for their potential application as singlet fission candidates. Four singlet fission chromophores are identified considering the monomer-based properties and their excitonic characters are further analyzed in a dimer configuration optimized in a six-dimensional space for local maxima of fission rates. Furthermore, a multistate multimode vibronic Hamiltonian is employed to identify intra- and interstate vibrational pathways for excitation energy modulation. Several photophysical properties such as Davydov splitting, activation energy and vibronic admixture of multiexcitonic and charge-transfer states are calculated for physically accessible dimers. The optimal dimer packing results in appropriate vibrational relaxation of singlet fission states and promotes significant population transfer which would be more attenuated without such couplings. This work not only identifies potential singlet fission systems with favorable electronic properties but also highlights the sensitivity of dimer packings with respect to the substitution patterns in singlet fission chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Computational design of singlet fission biradicaloid chromophores. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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James D, Pradhan E, Lee S, Choi CH, Zeng T. Dicarbonyl anthracenes and phenanthrenes as singlet fission chromophores. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a highly desired process in photovoltaic devices as it can significantly enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency. Exploitation of this process in photovoltaics is hindered by the lack of appropriate chromophores. We used mixed-reference spin-flipping time-dependent density functional theory to investigate five di-carbonyl anthracenes and phenanthrenes, with the purpose to design singlet fission chromophores. Two molecules were found to be promising candidates. For all the dicarbonyl molecules, the oxygen lone pair orbitals were found to be involved in the excited states that are relevant to singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan James
- York University, 7991, Department of Chemistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekadashi Pradhan
- York University, 7991, Department of Chemistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- California Institute of Technology, 6469, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Kyungpook National University, 34986, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Tao Zeng
- York University, 7991, Department of Chemistry, Toronto, Canada, M3J 1P3
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9
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James D, Pradhan E, Zeng T. Design of singlet fission chromophores by the introduction of N-oxyl fragments. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan James
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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10
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Singh A, Humeniuk A, Röhr MIS. Energetics and optimal molecular packing for singlet fission in BN-doped perylenes: electronic adiabatic state basis screening. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16525-16536. [PMID: 34291783 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission has the potential to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices, but the design of suitable chromophores is notoriously difficult. Both the electronic properties of the monomer and the packing motif in the crystal have a big impact on the singlet fission efficiency. Using perylene as an example, it is shown that doping with boron and nitrogen not only helps to align the energy levels but also shifts the stacking position that is optimal for singlet fission. Among all perylene derivatives doped with one or two BN groups, we identify the most suitable isomer for singlet fission with the help of TD-DFT and CASPT2 calculations. The optimal relative disposition of the two monomer units in a cofacially stacked homodimer is explored using two semiempirical models for the singlet fission rate: The first one is the well-known diabatic frontier orbital model, while the second treats singlet fission as a non-adiabatic transition and approximates the rate as the length squared of the non-adiabatic coupling vector between eigenfunctions of the diabatic Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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11
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Pradhan E, Lee S, Choi CH, Zeng T. Diboron- and Diaza-Doped Anthracenes and Phenanthrenes: Their Electronic Structures for Being Singlet Fission Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8159-8172. [PMID: 32902270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We used quantum chemistry methods at the levels of mixed-reference spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory and multireference perturbation theory to study diboron- and diaza-doped anthracenes and phenanthrenes. This class of structures recently surged as potential singlet fission chromophores. We studied electronic structures of their excited states and clarified the reasons why they satisfy or fail to satisfy the energy criteria for singlet fission chromophores. Many studied structures have their S1 states not dominated by HOMO → LUMO excitation, so they cannot be described using the conventional two site model. This is attributed to frontier orbital energy shifts induced by the doping and different charge-transfer energies in different one-electron singlet excitations or, in other words, different polarizations of hole and/or particle orbitals in their S1 and T1 states. There is a mirror relation between the orbital energy shifts induced by diboron- and diaza-dopings, which together with alternant hydrocarbon pairings of occupied and unoccupied orbitals, leads to more mirror relations between the excited states of the two types of doped structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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12
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Nagami T, Miyamoto H, Yoshida W, Okada K, Tonami T, Nakano M. Theoretical Molecular Design of Phenanthrenes for Singlet Fission by Diazadibora-Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6778-6789. [PMID: 32786996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Based on the valence configuration interaction (VCI) model and quantum chemical calculations, we theoretically investigate the potential of diazadibora-substituted phenanthrenes [(BN)2-phenanthrenes] as novel singlet fission (SF) chromophores. (BN)2-substitution to phenanthrene is performed to exhibit a captodative effect, which is found to enhance both diradical character and exchange integral. These enhanced parameters induced by (BN)2-substitution are shown to bring energetically favorable SF with high triplet excitation energies. In order to reveal the relationship between diradical character and positions replaced by (BN)2, analyses based on the VCI model, odd-electron density, and resonance structures are conducted. Accordingly, a concrete design principle, which is inherent in and is understandable from the topology of (BN)2-phenanthrene, is presented. Furthermore, design strategies to fine-tuning of the diradical character are newly demonstrated based on the additional introduction of π-donor and π-acceptor. The present results provide feasible candidate molecules and novel design strategies toward the discovery of bright SF chromophores for the application to efficient organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyamoto
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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13
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Pradhan E, Bentley JN, Caputo CB, Zeng T. Designs of Singlet Fission Chromophores with a Diazadiborinine Framework**. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry York University Toronto Ontario M3 J 1P3 Canada
| | - Jordan N. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry York University Toronto Ontario M3 J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry York University Toronto Ontario M3 J 1P3 Canada
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14
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Li Q, Kan YH, Xu HL, Su ZM. Hydrogen Migration-Triggered Diradicaloid Singlet-Fission Switch. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11791-11803. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Yu-He Kan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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15
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Stoycheva J, Tadjer A, Garavelli M, Spassova M, Nenov A, Romanova J. Boron-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Molecular Set Revealing the Interplay between Topology and Singlet Fission Propensity. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1390-1396. [PMID: 31971385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the relationship between the topology (the way in which the atoms are connected), open-shell character, and singlet fission (SF) propensity in a series of diboron-doped anthracenes and phenanthrenes. The study is performed by using high-level wave-function-based quantum-chemical calculations. The results show that the molecular topology plays a crucial role for the optical properties and, respectively, for the SF propensity of the studied compounds. The topology-derived correlations between the structure and properties are interpreted in the light of the Kekulé hydrocarbons concept and serve as molecular design guidelines for the discovery of new SF materials. Finally, several boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are proposed as SF chromophores for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stoycheva
- University of Sofia , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Vialedel Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alia Tadjer
- University of Sofia , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Vialedel Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Milena Spassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Vialedel Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Julia Romanova
- University of Sofia , Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
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16
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Stuyver T, Chen B, Zeng T, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Hoffmann R. Do Diradicals Behave Like Radicals? Chem Rev 2019; 119:11291-11351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853, United States
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17
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Zhuang F, Sun Z, Yao Z, Chen Q, Huang Z, Yang J, Wang J, Pei J. BN‐Embedded Tetrabenzopentacene: A Pentacene Derivative with Improved Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Dong Zhuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ze‐Hao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ze‐Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qi‐Ran Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jing‐Hui Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCenter of Soft Matter Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
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18
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Zhuang FD, Sun ZH, Yao ZF, Chen QR, Huang Z, Yang JH, Wang JY, Pei J. BN-Embedded Tetrabenzopentacene: A Pentacene Derivative with Improved Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10708-10712. [PMID: 31125146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been devoted to achieving stable acene derivatives for electronic applications; however, the instability is still a major issue for such derivatives. To achieve higher stability with minimum structural change, CC units in the acenes were replaced with isoelectronic BN units to produce a novel BN-embedded tetrabenzopentacene (BNTBP). BNTBP, with a planar structure, is highly stable to air, moisture, light, and heat. Compared with its carbon analogue tetrabenzopentacene (TBP), BN embedment lowered the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of BNTBP, changed the orbital distribution, and decreased the HOMO orbital coefficients at the central carbon atoms, which stabilize BNTBP molecules upon exposure to oxygen and sunlight. The single-crystal microribbons of BNTBP exhibited good performance in field-effect transistors (FETs). The high stability and good mobility of BNTBP indicates that BN incorporation is an effective approach to afford stable large-sized acenes with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Dong Zhuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Hao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi-Ran Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing-Hui Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Giri G, Pati YA, Ramasesha S. Correlated Electronic States of a Few Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5257-5265. [PMID: 31058503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been studied for their electronic properties as they are viewed as nanodots of graphene. They have also been of interest as functional molecules for applications such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Since the last few years, varying structural and chemical properties corresponding to the size and geometry of these molecules have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we carry out a systematic study of the electronic states of several PAHs using the Pariser-Parr-Pople model, which incorporates long-range electron correlations. In all of the molecules studied by us, we find that the 2A state is below the 1B state and hence none of them will be fluorescent in the gaseous phase. The singlet-triplet gap is more than half of the singlet-singlet gap in all cases, and hence, none of these PAHs can be candidates for improved solar cell efficiencies in a singlet fission. We discuss in detail the properties of the electronic states, which include bond orders and spin densities (in triplets) of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Giri
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Y Anusooya Pati
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - S Ramasesha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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20
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Japahuge A, Lee S, Choi CH, Zeng T. Design of singlet fission chromophores with cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene building blocks. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234306. [PMID: 31228896 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We use MRSF-TDDFT and NEVPT2 methods to design singlet fission chromophores with the building blocks of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). CAAC dimers with C2, C4, and p-phenylene spacers are considered. The substitutions with trifluoromethyls and fluorine atoms at the α C position are investigated. The electronegative substituents enhance the π accepting capability of the α C while maintaining it as a quaternary C atom. The phenylene-connected dimers with the two substitutions are identified as promising candidates for singlet fission chromophores. The cylindrically symmetric C2 and C4 spacers allow for substantial structural reorganizations in the S0-to-S1 and S0-to-T1 excitations. Although the two substituted dimers with the C4 spacer satisfy (or very close to satisfy) the primary thermodynamics criterion for singlet fission, the significant structural reorganizations result in high barriers so that the fission is kinetically unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini Japahuge
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
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21
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Li Q, Kan Y, Wu X, Su Z, Xu H. Searching for Diradicaloid Chromophores with Efficient Singlet Fission: Cyano‐Group Substitution of Difuropyrene Systems. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Normal University Huai'an 223300 China
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceYanbian University Yanji 133002 China
| | - Yu‐He Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Normal University Huai'an 223300 China
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceYanbian University Yanji 133002 China
| | - Zhong‐Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChangchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130024 China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceYanbian University Yanji 133002 China
| | - Hong‐Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryNortheast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
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Stuyver T, Zeng T, Tsuji Y, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Diradical Character as a Guiding Principle for the Insightful Design of Molecular Nanowires with an Increasing Conductance with Length. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7298-7304. [PMID: 30346793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a considerable interest has grown in the design of molecular nanowires with an increasing conductance with length. The development of such nanowires is highly desirable because they could play an important role in future molecular-scale circuitry. Whereas the first experimental observation of this nonclassical behavior still has to be realized, a growing number of candidate wires have been proposed theoretically. In this Letter, we point out that all the wires with an anti-Ohmic increasing conductance with length proposed so far share a common characteristic: their diradical character increases with length. The conceptual connection between diradical character and conductance enables a systematic design of such anti-Ohmic wires and explains the difficulty in their syntheses. A strategy is proposed to balance the stability and conductance so that this nonclassical phenomenon can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario K1S5B6 , Canada
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium
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