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Mazumder A, Vinod K, Maret PD, Das PP, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Mediated Triplet Population in a Perylenediimide Trimer at the Single-Molecule Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5896-5904. [PMID: 38805687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate triplet excited-state population in a conformationally rigid perylenediimide trimer (PDI-T) via intramolecular symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) at the single-molecule level. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of PDI-T in nonpolar polystyrene matrix (ε = 2.60) exhibit prolonged fluorescence with infrequent dark states, representing the triplet and/or the charge transfer states. In contrast, in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix (ε = 7.80), erratic blinking dynamics resulting in low photon counts were observed, corroborating the feasibility of charge separation in a polar environment. In agreement with the single-molecule measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy of PDI-T reveals ultrafast SB-CS (τCS < 5 ps) in polar tetrahydrofuran (ε = 7.58) and acetone (ε = 20.70), with the population of the triplet excited-state through charge recombination. The current investigation shows the utility of rigid and weakly coupled molecular constructs in controlling triplet generation and SB-CS for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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2
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Guo S, Zeng FG, Li XD, Chen KK, Wang P, Lu TB, Zhang ZM. Earth-abundant Zn-dipyrrin chromophores for efficient CO 2 photoreduction. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae130. [PMID: 38741716 PMCID: PMC11089819 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of strong sensitizing and Earth-abundant antenna molecules is highly desirable for CO2 reduction through artificial photosynthesis. Herein, a library of Zn-dipyrrin complexes (Z-1-Z-6) are rationally designed via precisely controlling their molecular configuration to optimize strong sensitizing Earth-abundant photosensitizers. Upon visible-light excitation, their special geometry enables intramolecular charge transfer to induce a charge-transfer state, which was first demonstrated to accept electrons from electron donors. The resulting long-lived reduced photosensitizer was confirmed to trigger consecutive intermolecular electron transfers for boosting CO2-to-CO conversion. Remarkably, the Earth-abundant catalytic system with Z-6 and Fe-catalyst exhibits outstanding performance with a turnover number of >20 000 and 29.7% quantum yield, representing excellent catalytic performance among the molecular catalytic systems and highly superior to that of noble-metal photosensitizer Ir(ppy)2(bpy)+ under similar conditions. Experimental and theoretical investigations comprehensively unveil the structure-activity relationship, opening up a new horizon for the development of Earth-abundant strong sensitizing chromophores for boosting artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fu-Gui Zeng
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao-Di Li
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Kai-Kai Chen
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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3
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Wega J, Zhang KF, Lacour J, Vauthey E. Controlling Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in Pyrene Bichromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2834-2840. [PMID: 38442038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
So far, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) has been observed with a limited number of chromophores and is usually inhibited by the formation of an excimer. , We show here that thanks to of fine-tuning of the interchromophore coupling via structural control, SB-CS can be operative with pyrene, despite its high propensity to form an excimer. This is realized with a bichromophoric system consisting of two pyrenes attached to a crown ether macrocycle, which can bind cations of different sizes. By combining stationary and time-resolved spectroscopy together with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the excited-state dynamics can be totally changed depending on the binding cation. Whereas strong coupling leads to rapid excimer formation, too weak coupling results in noninteracting chromophores. However, intermediate coupling, achieved upon binding of Mg2+, allows for SB-CS to be operative.
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Mahmood Z, Cai S, Rehmat N, Di Donato M, Zhao J, Sun S, Li M, Huo Y, Ji S. Red-light operable photosensitizer with symmetry-breaking charge transfer induced intersystem crossing for polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2385-2388. [PMID: 38321968 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
We present a red light-activated zincII bis(dipyrrin) symmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) architecture, showing a large molar absorption coefficient (ε = 15.4 × 104 M-1 cm-1), high reactive singlet oxygen generation efficiency (ΦΔ ≈ 0.8) and long-lived triplet state (τT = 150 μs) compared to the donor-acceptor analogue dipyrrin-BF2 complex, highlighting the superiority of the SBCT approach. For the first time, we demonstrated the potential of a SBCT scaffold in red-light-induced methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization, using a dual photocatalyst excitation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuqing Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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5
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Yahagh A, Kaswan RR, Kazemi S, Karr PA, D'Souza F. Symmetry breaking charge transfer leading to charge separation in a far-red absorbing bisstyryl-BODIPY dimer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:906-913. [PMID: 38239676 PMCID: PMC10793208 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry breaking charge transfer is one of the important photo-events occurring in photosynthetic reaction centers that is responsible for initiating electron transfer leading to a long-lived charge-separated state and has been successfully employed in light-to-electricity converting optoelectronic devices. In the present study, we report a newly synthesized, far-red absorbing and emitting BODIPY-dimer to undergo symmetry-breaking charge transfer leading to charge-separated states of appreciable lifetimes in polar solvents. Compared to its monomer analog, both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence originating from the S1 state of the dimer revealed quenching which increased with an increase in solvent polarity. The electrostatic potential map from DFT and the time-dependent DFT calculations suggested the existence of a quadrupolar type charge transfer state in polar solvents, and the singlet excited state to be involved in the charge separation process. The electrochemically determined redox gap being smaller than the energy of the S1 state supported the thermodynamic feasibility of the envisioned symmetry-breaking charge transfer and separation. The spectrum of the charge-separated state arrived from spectroelectrochemical studies, revealing diagnostic peaks helpful for transient spectral interpretation. Finally, ultrafast transient pump-probe spectroscopy provided conclusive evidence of diabatic charge separation in polar solvents by far-red pulsed laser light irradiation. The measured lifetime of the final charge-separated states was found to be 165 ps in dichlorobenzene, 140 ps in benzonitrile, and 43 ps in dimethyl sulfoxide, revealing their significance in light energy harvesting, especially from the less-explored far-red region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Yahagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Ram R Kaswan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Shahrzad Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College 111 Main Street Wayne NE 68787 USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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6
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Wega J, Vauthey E. Bimolecular photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation of perylene in solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:93-105. [PMID: 38133700 PMCID: PMC10834668 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) results in the generation of charge carriers through electron transfer between two identical molecules, after photoexcitation of one of them. It is usually studied in systems where the two reacting moieties are covalently linked. Examples of photoinduced bimolecular SB-CS with organic molecules yielding free ions remain scarce due to solubility or aggregation issues at the high concentrations needed to study this diffusion-assisted process. Here we investigate the excited-state dynamics of perylene (Pe) at high concentrations in solvents of varying polarity. Transient absorption spectroscopy on the subnanosecond to microsecond timescales reveal that self-quenching of Pe in the lowest singlet excited state leads to excimer formation in all solvents used. Additionally, bimolecular SB-CS, resulting in the generation of free ions, occurs concurrently to excimer formation in polar media, with a relative efficiency that increases with the polarity of the solvent. Moreover, we show that SB-CS is most efficient in room-temperature ionic liquids due to a charge-shielding effect leading to a larger escape of ions and due to the high viscosity that disfavours excimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wega
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Ivanov AI. Modeling the Effect of H-Bonding of Excited Quadrupolar Molecules with a Solvent on Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9038-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd400062, Russia
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8
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Lozada IB, Braun JD, Williams JAG, Herbert DE. Yellow-Emitting, Pseudo-Octahedral Zinc Complexes of Benzannulated N^N^O Pincer-Type Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17568-17578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issiah B. Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, ManitobaR3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason D. Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, ManitobaR3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, ManitobaR3T 2N2, Canada
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Teeuwen PCP, Melissari Z, Senge MO, Williams RM. Metal Coordination Effects on the Photophysics of Dipyrrinato Photosensitizers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206967. [PMID: 36296559 PMCID: PMC9610856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this work, we review the metal coordination effect on the photophysics of metal dipyrrinato complexes. Dipyrrinato complexes are promising candidates in the search for alternative transition metal photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes can be activated by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength, after which, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The metal coordination allows for the use of the heavy atom effect, which can enhance the triplet generation necessary for generation of ROS. Additionally, the flexibility of these complexes for metal ions, substitutions and ligands allows the possibility to tune their photophysical properties. A general overview of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy and the properties of the triplet photosensitizers is given, followed by further details of dipyrrinato complexes described in the literature that show relevance as photosensitizers for PDT. In particular, the photophysical properties of Re(I), Ru(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), Zn(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Al(III) dipyrrinato complexes are discussed. The potential for future development in the field of (dipyrrinato)metal complexes is addressed, and several new research topics are suggested throughout this work. We propose that significant advances could be made for heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and homoleptic bis(dipyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes and their application as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. P. Teeuwen
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoi Melissari
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
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10
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Niu X, Tajima K, Kong J, Tao M, Fukui N, Kuang Z, Shinokubo H, Xia A. Symmetry-breaking charge separation in a nitrogen-bridged naphthalene monoimide dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14007-14015. [PMID: 35635531 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-imide-based derivatives, bis-ANI, consisting of two naphthalimide (NI) units linked by a butylamine bridge and its monomer ANI have been intensively investigated by steady-state and transient spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The excited state relaxation dynamics of the two molecules are studied in three solvents of varying polarity - from hexane to tetrahydrofuran to acetone. A strong reduction in the fluorescence quantum yields and larger red shifts of the emission spectra are observed when going from the monomer ANI to dimer bis-ANI with increasing solvent polarity. It is found that the presence of the central amino linker in bis-ANI facilitates the formation of an asymmetric CS state between the ANI and NI moieties in bis-ANI, where NI˙- is the dominant radical anion unit after CS, evidenced by the femtosecond transient absorption measurements and spectroelectrochemistry in polar solvents. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra and quantum chemical calculations reveal the conformational change after the formation of the symmetry-breaking charge separation (SBCS) state upon photoexcitation, while a near-orthogonal structure in the excited state of bis-ANI retards charge recombination. In addition, it is evidenced that the rate of SBCS can be tuned by changing the different polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China.
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Estergreen L, Mencke AR, Cotton DE, Korovina NV, Michl J, Roberts ST, Thompson ME, Bradforth SE. Controlling Symmetry Breaking Charge Transfer in BODIPY Pairs. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1561-1572. [PMID: 35604637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusSymmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) is a process in which a pair of identical chromophores absorb a photon and use its energy to transfer an electron from one chromophore to the other, breaking the symmetry of the chromophore pair. This excited state phenomenon is observed in photosynthetic organisms where it enables efficient formation of separated charges that ultimately catalyze biosynthesis. SBCT has also been proposed as a means for developing photovoltaics and photocatalytic systems that operate with minimal energy loss. It is known that SBCT in both biological and artificial systems is in part made possible by the local environment in which it occurs, which can move to stabilize the asymmetric SBCT state. However, how environmental degrees of freedom act in concert with steric and structural constraints placed on a chromophore pair to dictate its ability to generate long-lived charge pairs via SBCT remain open topics of investigation.In this Account, we compare a broad series of dipyrrin dimers that are linked by distinct bridging groups to discern how the spatial separation and mutual orientation of linked chromophores and the structural flexibility of their linker each impact SBCT efficiency. Across this material set, we observe a general trend that SBCT is accelerated as the spatial separation between dimer chromophores decreases, consistent with the expectation that the electronic coupling between these units varies exponentially with their separation. However, one key observation is that the rate of charge recombination following SBCT was found to slow with decreasing interchromophore separation, rather than speed up. This stems from an enhancement of the dimer's structural rigidity due to increasing steric repulsion as the length of their linker shrinks. This rigidity further inhibits charge recombination in systems where symmetry has already enforced zero HOMO-LUMO overlap. Additionally, for the forward transfer, the active torsion is shown to increase LUMO-LUMO coupling, allowing for faster SBCT within bridging groups.By understanding trends for how rates of SBCT and charge recombination depend on a dimer's internal structure and its environment, we identify design guidelines for creating artificial systems for driving sustained light-induced charge separation. Such systems can find application in solar energy technologies and photocatalytic applications and can serve as a model for light-induced charge separation in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Estergreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089, United States
| | - Austin R. Mencke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089, United States
| | - Daniel E. Cotton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nadia V. Korovina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sean T. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089, United States
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089, United States
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12
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Tian W, Sukhanov AA, Bussotti L, Pang J, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Di Donato M, Li MD. Charge Separation and Intersystem Crossing in Homo- and Hetero-Compact Naphthalimide Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4364-4378. [PMID: 35649261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalimide (NI) homo- and hetero-dimers adopting orthogonal geometry were prepared to study photo-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) and charge recombination (CR)-induced intersystem crossing (ISC). The two moieties in the dimer are connected either at the 3-C or 4-C position of the NI unit. The photophysical properties of the dimers were studied with steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopic methods. Significant CT only occurs for the hetero-dimer, in which one NI unit has a 4-amino substituent and the other NI unit is without it. The CR-induced ISC is most efficient for this dimer (singlet oxygen quantum yield ΦΔ = 50.3%). For the homo-dimer, in which both NI units did not present amino substitution, SBCT was not observed. Based on the electrochemical studies, we propose that the absence of SBCT for the homo-dimer is attributed to its high oxidation potential and low reduction potential. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs TA) spectra show that there is no charge separation (CS) for the homo-dimer. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicate the formation of a triplet state with electron delocalization for the homo dimer, with a lifetime of 72.0 μs, while for the hetero dimer a triplet state with an intrinsic lifetime of 206.4 μs is observed. CS (11.6 ps) and slow CR-induced ISC (>1.5 ns) were observed for the hetero-dimer. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectra give the zero-field splitting parameters (|D| = 1894 MHz and |E| = 111 MHz) and electron spin polarization patterns (e, e, e, a, a, a) for the triplet state of the hetero-dimer, inferring that the triplet state of the hetero-dimer is confined on the amino-substituted NI moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
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13
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Antipov IF, Ivanov AI. Effect of Symmetry Breaking in Excited Quadrupole Molecules on Transition Dipole Moment. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13778-13788. [PMID: 34894694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Manifestations of charge transfer symmetry breaking in excited quadrupolar molecules in optical spectra are theoretically studied. The molecules are supposed to have π-conjugated structures of A-π-D-π-A or D-π-A-π-D character, where electron acceptors (A) or electron donors (D) are identical. A theory describing the effect of symmetry breaking and solvent fluctuations on the dipole moments of optical transitions associated with absorption by a quadrupolar dye in the ground and excited states, as well as fluorescence, is developed. Simple equations describing the influence of the symmetry breaking extent on the transition dipole moments are found. The orientational solvent fluctuations are predicted to decrease the transition dipole moment of the ground state absorption. The decrease does not exceed 10%. A considerably larger effect of symmetry breaking and the solvent fluctuations on the emission dipole moment is found. Equations describing dependencies of the transition dipole moment associated with excited state absorption on the solvent polarity and the parameters of the dye are derived. The scale of the changes in the transition dipole moments due to symmetry breaking in the excited state are determined. The influence of the polar solvent fluctuations is also taken into account. The theoretical findings are shown to be consistent with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan F Antipov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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14
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Lv M, Wang X, Wang D, Li X, Liu Y, Pan H, Zhang S, Xu J, Chen J. Unravelling the role of charge transfer state during ultrafast intersystem crossing in compact organic chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25455-25466. [PMID: 34818402 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02912f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
When organic electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) chromophores are linked together, an electron transfer (ET) state can take place. When a short bridge such as one Sigma bond is used to link the donor and the acceptor, complete charge separation is difficult to access and one usually observes an intramolecular charge transfer (CT) state instead. Due to the inevitable coupling between the donor and the acceptor in compact organic chromophores, the most common decay pathway for the CT state is charge recombination, which may lead to a distinct longer wavelength fluorescence emission or non-radiative dissipation of the excited state energy. However, recent studies have shown that unique excited state dynamics can be observed when the CT state is involved during both forward and backward intersystem crossing (ISC) from singlet excited states to triplet excited states in organic chromophores. Analysis of the mechanism for ISC involving the CT state has received much attention over the last decade. In this perspective, we present a collection of molecular design rationales, spectroscopy and theoretical investigations that provide insights into the mechanism of the ISC involving the CT state in compact organic chromophores. We hope that this perspective will prove beneficial for researchers to design novel compact organic chromophores with a predictable ISC property for future biochemical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Danhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xiuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Yangyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Sanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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15
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Bondarev SL, Raichenok TF, Tikhomirov SA, Kozlov NG, Mikhailova TV, Ivanov AI. Symmetry Breaking in an Excited Quadrupolar Acridine-Dione Derivative Driven by Hydrogen Bonding. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8117-8124. [PMID: 34266232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An acridine-dione derivative (3,3,11,11-tetramethyl-8,16-diphenyl-3,4,8,10,11,12,13,16-octahydroacridino[4,3-c]acridine-1.9(2H,5H)dion) with quadrupolar motif has been synthesized and its stationary and transient spectra have been measured. Stationary absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as nonstationary spectra show no signs of symmetry breaking (SB) in aprotic solvents, even of high polarity. The specific features of SB are revealed in alcohol solvents through a considerable red shift of stationary fluorescence spectra and the appearance of a new excited state absorption band in transient absorption spectra. SB is due to the formation of asymmetric strong hydrogen bonds, mainly on one side of the molecule. An unexpected regularity of symmetry breaking is found in mixtures of aprotic dimethylformamide and protic methanol, where methanol acts as a fluorescence quencher. It is revealed that there is no quenching as long as the methanol concentration is less than the critical value of 9 M. This leads to the conclusion that SB in such mixtures is possible only if the concentration of the protic solvent exceeds a certain threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav L Bondarev
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Tamara F Raichenok
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergei A Tikhomirov
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Nikolai G Kozlov
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov str. 13, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | | | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Buglak AA, Charisiadis A, Sheehan A, Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO, Filatov MA. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Modelling for the Prediction of Singlet Oxygen Generation by Heavy-Atom-Free BODIPY Photosensitizers*. Chemistry 2021; 27:9934-9947. [PMID: 33876842 PMCID: PMC8362084 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free sensitizers forming long-living triplet excited states via the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process have recently attracted attention due to their potential to replace costly transition metal complexes in photonic applications. The efficiency of SOCT-ISC in BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads, so far the most thoroughly investigated class of such sensitizers, can be finely tuned by structural modification. However, predicting the triplet state yields and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation quantum yields for such compounds in a particular solvent is still very challenging due to a lack of established quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. In this work, the available data on singlet oxygen generation quantum yields (ΦΔ ) for a dataset containing >70 heavy-atom-free BODIPY in three different solvents (toluene, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran) were analyzed. In order to build reliable QSPR model, a series of new BODIPYs were synthesized that bear different electron donating aryl groups in the meso position, their optical and structural properties were studied along with the solvent dependence of singlet oxygen generation, which confirmed the formation of triplet states via the SOCT-ISC mechanism. For the combined dataset of BODIPY structures, a total of more than 5000 quantum-chemical descriptors was calculated including quantum-chemical descriptors using density functional theory (DFT), namely M06-2X functional. QSPR models predicting ΦΔ values were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR), which perform significantly better than other machine learning methods and show sufficient statistical parameters (R=0.88-0.91 and q2 =0.62-0.69) for all three solvents. A small root mean squared error of 8.2 % was obtained for ΦΔ values predicted using MLR model in toluene. As a result, we proved that QSPR and machine learning techniques can be useful for predicting ΦΔ values in different media and virtual screening of new heavy-atom-free BODIPYs with improved photosensitizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Buglak
- Faculty of PhysicsSaint-Petersburg State UniversityUniversiteteskaya Emb. 7–9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Chair of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin The University of Dublin152-160Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Aimee Sheehan
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesTechnological University DublinCity Campus, Kevin StreetDublin 8Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- Chair of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin The University of Dublin152-160Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenberg-Str. 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Mikhail A. Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesTechnological University DublinCity Campus, Kevin StreetDublin 8Ireland
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17
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Rehmat N, Kurganskii IV, Mahmood Z, Guan QL, Zhao J, Xing YH, Gurzadyan GG, Fedin MV. Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing in Anthracene-Perylenebisimide Compact Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads and Triads and Photochemical Dianion Formation. Chemistry 2021; 27:5521-5535. [PMID: 33400310 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perylenebisimide (PBI)-anthracene (AN) donor-acceptor dyads/triad were prepared to investigate spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). Molecular conformation was controlled by connecting PBI units to the 2- or 9-position of the AN moiety. Steady-state, time-resolved transient absorption and emission spectroscopy revealed that chromophore orientation, electronic coupling, and dihedral angle between donor and acceptor exert a significant effect on the photophysical property. The dyad PBI-9-AN with orthogonal geometry shows weak ground-state coupling and efficient intersystem crossing (ISC, ΦΔ =86 %) as compared with PBI-2-AN (ΦΔ =57 %), which has a more coplanar geometry. By nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, a long-lived PBI localized triplet state was observed (τT =139 μs). Time-resolved EPR spectroscopy demonstrated that the electron spin polarization pattern of the triplet state is sensitive to the geometry and number of AN units attached to PBI. Reversible and stepwise generation of near-IR-absorbing PBI radical anion (PBI-⋅ ) and dianion (PBI2- ) was observed on photoexcitation in the presence of triethanolamine, and it was confirmed that selective photoexcitation at the near-IR absorption bands of PBI.- is unable to produce PBI2- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Rehmat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | | | - Zafar Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lin Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yong Heng Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Matvey V Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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18
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Kong J, Zhang W, Li G, Huo D, Guo Y, Niu X, Wan Y, Tang B, Xia A. Excited-State Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Dynamics in Multibranched Perylene Diimide Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10329-10339. [PMID: 33232151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising nonfullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics, perylene diimide (PDI)-based multibranched molecules with twisted or three-dimensional (3D) geometric structures have been developed, which effectively increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. Understanding the structure-property relationships in multichromophoric molecular architectures at molecular and ultrafast time levels is a crucial step in establishing new design principles in organic electronic materials. For this, photodriven excited-state symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) of PDI-based multichromophoric acceptors has been proposed to improve the PCE by reducing the self-aggregation of the planar PDI monomer. Herein, we investigated the intramolecular excited-state SB-CS and charge recombination (CR) dynamics of two symmetric phenyl-methane-based PDI derivatives, a twist dimer PM-PDI2 (phenyl-methane-based PDI dimer) and a 3D configuration tetramer PM-PDI4 (phenyl-methane-based PDI tetramer), in different solvents using ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The quantum chemical calculations and steady-state spectra show that the two PDI derivatives undergo conformational changes upon excitation, leading to their emission states that have the characteristics of partial charge-transfer (CT) exciton in all solvents. Based on the evolution of the fs-TA data, it is observed that the evolution from the CT state to SB-CS state is disfavored in a weak polar solvent, whereas clear SB-CS spectroscopic signatures of cationic and anionic PDI are observed in polar solvents. Faster CS and slower CR processes of PM-PDI4 are observed in comparison to those of PM-PDI2. The crowded space in the 3D structure shortens the distance between the branches, leading to a stronger electronic coupling at the lowest excited state and a larger negative Gibbs free energy change of PM-PDI4 relative to that of PM-PDI2, which benefits the charge separation among PDI units in PM-PDI4. Besides, the 3D structure of PM-PDI4 also restricts rotation to a surface crossing region between the excited state and ground state, thus inhibiting nonradiative CR process and increasing the CS state lifetime. Our results suggest that the kinetics of CS and CR processes are strongly related to the molecular geometric structure, and the excited-state symmetry breaking in the 3D structure acceptor has superior photogenerated charge and photovoltaic properties from the perspective of ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Dayujia Huo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Sciences, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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19
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Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI. Nonstationary Theory of Excited State Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking Driven by Polar Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10787-10801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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20
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Mahmood Z, Rehmat N, Ji S, Zhao J, Sun S, Di Donato M, Li M, Teddei M, Huo Y. Tuning the Triplet Excited State of Bis(dipyrrin) Zinc(II) Complexes: Symmetry Breaking Charge Transfer Architecture with Exceptionally Long Lived Triplet State for Upconversion. Chemistry 2020; 26:14912-14918. [PMID: 32567099 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(II) bis(dipyrrin) complexes, which feature intense visible absorption and efficient symmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) are outstanding candidates for photovoltaics but their short lived triplet states limit applications in several areas. Herein we demonstrate that triplet excited state dynamics of bis(dipyrrin) complexes can be efficiently tuned by attaching electron donating aryl moieties at the 5,5'-position of the complexes. For the first time, a long lived triplet excited state (τT =296 μs) along with efficient ISC ability (ΦΔ =71 %) was observed for zinc(II) bis(dipyrrin) complexes, formed via SBCT. The results revealed that molecular geometry and energy gap between the charge transfer (CT) state and triplet energy levels strongly control the triplet excited state properties of the complexes. An efficient triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion system was devised for the first time using a SBCT architecture as triplet photosensitizer, reaching a high upconversion quantum yield of 6.2 %. Our findings provide a blueprint for the development of triplet photosensitizers based on earth abundant metal complexes with long lived triplet state for revolutionary photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Mahmood
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Maria Teddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Yanping Huo
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Ramirez CE, Chen S, Powers-Riggs NE, Schlesinger I, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in the Solid State: Tetra(phenoxy)perylenediimide Polycrystalline Films. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18243-18250. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E. Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Su Chen
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Natalia E. Powers-Riggs
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Itai Schlesinger
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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22
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Szakács Z, Tasior M, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Change of Quadrupole Moment upon Excitation and Symmetry Breaking in Multibranched Donor-Acceptor Dyes. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1718-1730. [PMID: 32415748 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Upon photoexcitation, a majority of quadrupolar dyes, developed for large two-photon absorption, undergo excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) and behave as dipolar molecules. We investigate how the change of quadrupole moment upon S1 ←S0 excitation, ΔQ, influences the propensity of a dye to undergo ES-SB using a series of molecules with a A-π-D-π-A motif where D is the exceptionally electron-rich pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and A are accepting groups. Tuning of ΔQ is achieved by appending a secondary acceptor group, A', on both sides of the D core and ES-SB is monitored using a combination of time-resolved IR and broadband fluorescence spectroscopy. The results reveal a clear correlation between ΔQ and the tendency to undergo ES-SB. When A is a stronger acceptor than A', ES-SB occurs already in non-dipolar but quadrupolar solvents. When A and A' are identical, ES-SB is only partial even in highly dipolar solvents. When A is a weaker acceptor than A', the orientation of ΔQ changes, ES-SB is observed in dipolar solvents only and involves major redistribution of the excitation over the D-π-A and D-A' branches of the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szakács
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
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23
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Dong Y, Elmali A, Zhao J, Dick B, Karatay A. Long-Lived Triplet Excited State Accessed with Spin-Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing in Red Light-Absorbing Phenoxazine-Styryl BODIPY Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyads. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1388-1401. [PMID: 32391942 PMCID: PMC7383670 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Orthogonal phenoxazine-styryl BODIPY compact electron donor/acceptor dyads were prepared as heavy atom-free triplet photosensitizers (PSs) with strong red light absorption (ϵ=1.33×105 M-1 cm-1 at 630 nm), whereas the previously reported triplet photosensitizers based on the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) mechanism show absorption in a shorter wavelength range (<500 nm). More importantly, a long-lived triplet state (τT =333 μs) was observed for the new dyads. In comparison, the triplet state lifetime of the same chromophore accessed with the conventional heavy atom effect (HAE) is much shorter (τT =1.8 μs). Long triplet state lifetime is beneficial to enhance electron or energy transfer, the primary photophysical processes in the application of triplet PSs. Our approach is based on SOCT-ISC, without invoking of the HAE, which may shorten the triplet state lifetime. We used bisstyrylBodipy both as the electron acceptor and the visible light-harvesting chromophore, which shows red-light absorption. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicated the charge separation (109 ps) and SOCT-ISC (charge recombination, CR; 2.3 ns) for BDP-1. ISC efficiency of BDP-1 was determined as ΦT =25 % (in toluene). The dyad BDP-3 was used as triplet PS for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (upconversion quantum yield ΦUC =1.5 %; anti-Stokes shift is 5900 cm-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology E-208 West Campus2 Ling Gong RoadDalian116024China
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of EngineeringAnkara University06100Beşevler, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology E-208 West Campus2 Ling Gong RoadDalian116024China
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstr. 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics Faculty of EngineeringAnkara University06100Beşevler, AnkaraTurkey
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Niu X, Kuang Z, Planells M, Guo Y, Robertson N, Xia A. Electron-donating strength dependent symmetry breaking charge transfer dynamics of quadrupolar molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15743-15750. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent induced excited state symmetry breaking processes of donor–acceptor–donor quadrupolar dyes are successfully tracked in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Miquel Planells
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Neil Robertson
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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25
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Filatov MA. Heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers with intersystem crossing mediated by intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 18:10-27. [PMID: 31750502 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic photosensitizers possessing efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and forming long-living triplet excited states, play a crucial role in a number of applications. A common approach in the design of such dyes relies on the introduction of heavy atoms (e.g. transition metals or halogens) into the structure, which promote ISC via spin-orbit coupling interaction. In recent years, alternative methods to enhance ISC have been actively studied. Among those, the generation of triplet excited states through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in heavy-atom-free molecules has attracted particular attention because it allows for the development of photosensitizers with programmed triplet state and fluorescence quantum yields. Due to their synthetic accessibility and tunability of optical properties, boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are so far the most perspective class of photosensitizers operating via this mechanism. This article reviews recently reported heavy-atom-free BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads and dimers which produce long-living triplet excited states and generate singlet oxygen. Structural factors which affect PET and concomitant triplet state formation in these molecules are discussed and the reported data on triplet state yields and singlet oxygen generation quantum yields in various solvents are summarized. Finally, examples of recent applications of these systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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26
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Jiménez J, Prieto-Montero R, Maroto BL, Moreno F, Ortiz MJ, Oliden-Sánchez A, López-Arbeloa I, Martínez-Martínez V, de la Moya S. Manipulating Charge-Transfer States in BODIPYs: A Model Strategy to Rapidly Develop Photodynamic Theragnostic Agents. Chemistry 2019; 26:601-605. [PMID: 31846138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a family of BINOL (1,1'-bi-2-naphthol)-based O-BODIPY (dioxyboron dipyrromethene) dyes, it is demonstrated that chemical manipulation of the chromophoric push-pull character, by playing with the electron-donating capability of the BINOL moiety (BINOL versus 3,3'-dibromoBINOL) and with the electron-acceptor ability of the BODIPY core (alkyl substitution degree), is a workable strategy to finely balance fluorescence (singlet-state emitting action) versus the capability to photogenerate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (triplet-state photosensitizing action). It is also shown that the promotion of a suitable charge-transfer character in the involved chromophore upon excitation enhances the probability of an intersystem crossing phenomenon, which is required to populate the triple state enabling singlet oxygen production. The reported strategy opens up new perspectives for rapid development of smarter agents for photodynamic theragnosis, including heavy-atom-free agents, from a selected organic fluorophore precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz L Maroto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Oliden-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Aster A, Licari G, Zinna F, Brun E, Kumpulainen T, Tajkhorshid E, Lacour J, Vauthey E. Tuning symmetry breaking charge separation in perylene bichromophores by conformational control. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10629-10639. [PMID: 34040711 PMCID: PMC8133027 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding structure-property relationships in multichromophoric molecular architectures is a crucial step in establishing new design principles in organic electronics as well as to fully understand how nature exploits solar energy. Here, we study the excited state dynamics of three bichromophores consisting of two perylene chromophores linked to three different crown-ether backbones, using stationary and ultrafast electronic spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations. The conformational space available to the bichromophores depends on the structure and geometry of the crown-ether and can be significantly changed upon cation binding, strongly affecting the excited-state dynamics. We show that, depending on the conformational restrictions and the local environment, the nature of the excited state varies greatly, going from an excimer to a symmetry-broken charge separated state. These results can be rationalised in terms of a structure-property relationship that includes the effect of the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Aster
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Licari
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Elodie Brun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
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28
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Feuerstein TJ, Goswami B, Rauthe P, Köppe R, Lebedkin S, Kappes MM, Roesky PW. Alkali metal complexes of an enantiopure iminophosphonamide ligand with bright delayed fluorescence. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4742-4749. [PMID: 31160950 PMCID: PMC6510313 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00629j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkali metal complexes of an enantiopure iminophosphonamide bearing chiral centers at both nitrogen atoms are described. They show bright phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
The enantiomerically pure ligand P,P-diphenyl-N,N′-bis((R)-1-phenylethyl)phosphinimidic amide (1; (R)-HPEPIA) was synthesized and subsequently deprotonated with alkali metal precursors to yield dimeric complexes [M2{(R)-PEPIA}2] (M = Li (2), Na (3), K (4), Rb (5)). The cesium compound [M{(R)-PEPIA}] (6) crystallized as a cocrystal composed of dimeric ([Cs2{(R)-PEPIA}2] (6d) and 1D-polymeric ([Cs{(R)-PEPIA}]n) (6p) species in a 1 : 1 ratio. The coordination polymer 6p features a unique sinus-shaped configuration of repeating –Cs–N–P–N–Cs–N–P–N– units. Unusual photoluminescence (PL) properties were found for solid 1–6: in contrast to the fluorescent ligand 1, the alkali metal complexes show phosphorescence at low temperatures (<100 K) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) above ∼150 K. The latter provides for PL quantum yields up to 36% (3) at ambient temperature. DFT calculations support that both 1 and 2–6d have similar singlet and triplet excited states with energy separations of a few tens of meV. The strongly enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) in the metal complexes, resulting in TADF, is attributed to their dimeric structure. This suggests that the fluorophore dimerization may serve as a tool to effect ISC for the design of TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Feuerstein
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
| | - Bhupendra Goswami
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
| | - Pascal Rauthe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Fritz-Haber-Weg. 2 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 15 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany .
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29
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Kuang Z, Song H, Guo Y, Guo Q, Xia A. Solvent-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer in an octupolar triphenylamine derivative resolved with transient fluorescence spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1811248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianjin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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30
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Kellogg M, Akil A, Muthiah Ravinson DS, Estergreen L, Bradforth SE, Thompson ME. Symmetry breaking charge transfer as a means to study electron transfer with no driving force. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:379-394. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we explore the symmetry breaking charge transfer process in two dipyrrin-based bichromophoric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Ali Akil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | - Laura Estergreen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | | | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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31
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Letrun R, Lang B, Yushchenko O, Wilcken R, Svechkarev D, Kolodieznyi D, Riedle E, Vauthey E. Excited-state dynamics of a molecular dyad with two orthogonally-oriented fluorophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30219-30230. [PMID: 30489576 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of a T-shaped bichromophoric molecule, consisting of two strong fluorophores, diphenyloxazole and diphenylpyrazoline, directly linked in an orthogonal geometry, was investigated. Despite the weak coupling ensured by this geometry and confirmed by the electronic absorption spectra, this dyad exhibits only weak fluorescence in both apolar and polar solvents, with fluorescence lifetimes ranging from 200 ps in CHX to 10 ps in ACN. Ultrafast spectroscopic measurements reveal that the fluorescence quenching in polar solvents is due to the population of a charge-separated state. In non-polar solvents, this process is energetically not feasible, and a quenching due to an efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet manifold is proposed, based on quantum-chemical calculations. This process occurs via the spin-orbit charge-transfer (SOCT) ISC mechanism, which is enabled by the charge-transfer character acquired by the S1 state of the dyad upon structural relaxation and by the orthogonal arrangement of the molecular orbitals involved in the transition. The same mechanism is proposed to explain why the recombination of the charge-separated state is faster in medium than in highly polar solvents, as well as to account for the fast decay of the lowest triplet state to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Letrun
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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32
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Energy-dependent quenching adjusts the excitation diffusion length to regulate photosynthetic light harvesting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9523-E9531. [PMID: 30237283 PMCID: PMC6187178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806597115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants’ photosynthetic mechanism adjusts to fluctuations in light intensity. Intermittent bright sunlight can damage light-harvesting proteins; to preempt this, plants dissipate excess absorbed excitation energy as heat. Energy-dependent quenching (qE) of excitations occurs on the seconds to minutes timescale through conformational changes in antenna proteins. Using a multiscale model of photosystem II, we show that changes in light harvesting due to qE can be explained using a single parameter, the excitation diffusion length, which decreases as qE activates. These findings have implications for the interpretation of pulse amplitude-modulated fluorescence, a common noninvasive measurement of photosynthetic activity in leaves. An important determinant of crop yields is the regulation of photosystem II (PSII) light harvesting by energy-dependent quenching (qE). However, the molecular details of excitation quenching have not been quantitatively connected to the fraction of excitations converted to chemical energy by PSII reaction centers (PSII yield), which determines flux to downstream metabolism. Here, we incorporate excitation dissipation by qE into a pigment-scale model of excitation transfer and trapping for a 200 × 200-nm patch of the grana membrane. We show that excitation transport can be rigorously coarse grained to a 2D random walk with an excitation diffusion length determined by the extent of quenching. We present an alternative method for analyzing pulse amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence measurements that incorporates the effects of a variable excitation diffusion length during qE activation.
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