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Mondal M, Semenov A, Ochoa MA, Nitzan A. Strong Coupling in Infrared Plasmonic Cavities. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9673-9678. [PMID: 36215723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular spectroscopy and even chemical behavior in a cavity environment is a subject of intense experimental and theoretical interest. In Fabry-Pérot cavities, strong (radiation-matter) coupling phenomena without an intense radiation field often rely on the number of chromophore molecules collectively interacting with a cavity mode. For plasmonic cavities, the cavity field-matter coupling can be strong enough to manifest strong coupling involving even a single molecule. To this end, infrared plasmonic cavities can be particularly useful in understanding vibrational strong coupling. Here we present a procedure for estimating the radiation-matter coupling and, equivalently, the mode volume as well as the mode lifetime and quality factor for plasmonic cavities of arbitrary shapes and use it to estimate these quantities for infrared cavities of two particularly relevant geometries comprising several n-doped semiconductors. Our calculations demonstrate very high field confinement and low mode volumes of these cavities despite having relatively low quality factors, which is often the case for plasmonic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monosij Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Alexander Semenov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Maicol A Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104, United States
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
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2
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Cassiano TDSA, de Oliveira Neto PH, e Silva GM. Quasiparticle dynamics by effective [Formula: see text]-field distortion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7967. [PMID: 35562391 PMCID: PMC9106660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling dynamical processes of quasiparticles in low dimensional [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems is challenging due to electron-phonon coupling. We show that this interaction leads to linear potential energy terms in the lattice Lagrangian similar to a local "gravitational" field. The presence of quasiparticles deforms this field in a way analogous to a low-dimension solution of general relativity. Our calculations with analytical expressions for effective [Formula: see text]-fields yield the correct band structure and deliver proper time evolution of the quasiparticle's properties. Furthermore, we report a sharp reduction in the dynamics computational time up to two orders of magnitude, a result that has major simulation implications.
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Arsenault EA, Schile AJ, Limmer DT, Fleming GR. Vibronic coupling in energy transfer dynamics and two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectra. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054201. [PMID: 34364357 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a heterodimer model in which multiple mechanisms of vibronic coupling and their impact on energy transfer can be explicitly studied. We consider vibronic coupling that arises through either Franck-Condon activity in which each site in the heterodimer has a local electron-phonon coupling or Herzberg-Teller activity in which the transition dipole moment coupling the sites has an explicit vibrational mode-dependence. We have computed two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2DEV) spectra for this model while varying the magnitude of these two effects and find that 2DEV spectra contain static and dynamic signatures of both types of vibronic coupling. Franck-Condon activity emerges through a change in the observed excitonic structure, while Herzberg-Teller activity is evident in the appearance of significant side-band transitions that mimic the lower-energy excitonic structure. A comparison of quantum beating patterns obtained from analysis of the simulated 2DEV spectra shows that this technique can report on the mechanism of energy transfer, elucidating a means of experimentally determining the role of specific vibronic coupling mechanisms in such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Addison J Schile
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Hu Z, Xu Z, Chen G. Vibration-mediated resonant charge separation across the donor-acceptor interface in an organic photovoltaic device. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154703. [PMID: 33887946 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination of a recent open-system Ehrenfest dynamics simulation suggests that a vibration-mediate resonance may play a pivotal role in the charge transfer across a donor-acceptor interface in an organic solar cell. Based on this, a concise dissipative two-level electronic system coupled to a molecular vibrational mode is proposed and solved quantum mechanically. It is found that the charge transfer is enhanced substantially when the vibrational energy quanta is equal to the electronic energy loss across the interface. This vibration-mediate resonant charge transfer process is ultrafast, occurring within 100 fs, comparable to experimental findings. The open-system Ehrenfest dynamics simulation of the two-level model is carried out, and similar results are obtained, which confirms further that the earlier open-system Ehrenfest dynamics simulation indeed correctly predicted the occurrence of the resonant charge transfer across the donor-acceptor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Cainelli M, Tanimura Y. Exciton transfer in organic photovoltaic cells: A role of local and nonlocal electron–phonon interactions in a donor domain. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0036590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cainelli
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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6
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De Sio A, Sommer E, Nguyen XT, Groß L, Popović D, Nebgen BT, Fernandez-Alberti S, Pittalis S, Rozzi CA, Molinari E, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S, Lienau C. Intermolecular conical intersections in molecular aggregates. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:63-68. [PMID: 33199882 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CoIns) of multidimensional potential energy surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and control pathways and yields of many photo-initiated intramolecular processes. Such topologies can be potentially involved in the energy transport in aggregated molecules or polymers but are yet to be uncovered. Here, using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES), we reveal the existence of intermolecular CoIns in molecular aggregates relevant for photovoltaics. Ultrafast, sub-10-fs 2DES tracks the coherent motion of a vibrational wave packet on an optically bright state and its abrupt transition into a dark state via a CoIn after only 40 fs. Non-adiabatic dynamics simulations identify an intermolecular CoIn as the source of these unusual dynamics. Our results indicate that intermolecular CoIns may effectively steer energy pathways in functional nanostructures for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ephraim Sommer
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xuan Trung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Groß
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Duško Popović
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Fernandez-Alberti
- National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Department of Science and Technology, Bernal (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | | | | | - Elisa Molinari
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Modena, Italy
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing and Computational Science and Applied Research Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
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7
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Strong SE, Hestand NJ. Modeling nonlocal electron-phonon coupling in organic crystals using interpolative maps: The spectroscopy of crystalline pentacene and 7,8,15,16-tetraazaterrylene. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124113. [PMID: 33003728 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-phonon coupling plays a central role in the transport properties and photophysics of organic crystals. Successful models describing charge- and energy-transport in these systems routinely include these effects. Most models for describing photophysics, on the other hand, only incorporate local electron-phonon coupling to intramolecular vibrational modes, while nonlocal electron-phonon coupling is neglected. One might expect nonlocal coupling to have an important effect on the photophysics of organic crystals because it gives rise to large fluctuation in the charge-transfer couplings, and charge-transfer couplings play an important role in the spectroscopy of many organic crystals. Here, we study the effects of nonlocal coupling on the absorption spectrum of crystalline pentacene and 7,8,15,16-tetraazaterrylene. To this end, we develop a new mixed quantum-classical approach for including nonlocal coupling into spectroscopic and transport models for organic crystals. Importantly, our approach does not assume that the nonlocal coupling is linear, in contrast to most modern charge-transport models. We find that the nonlocal coupling broadens the absorption spectrum non-uniformly across the absorption line shape. In pentacene, for example, our model predicts that the lower Davydov component broadens considerably more than the upper Davydov component, explaining the origin of this experimental observation for the first time. By studying a simple dimer model, we are able to attribute this selective broadening to correlations between the fluctuations of the charge-transfer couplings. Overall, our method incorporates nonlocal electron-phonon coupling into spectroscopic and transport models with computational efficiency, generalizability to a wide range of organic crystals, and without any assumption of linearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Strong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hestand
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Duan HG, Jha A, Li X, Tiwari V, Ye H, Nayak PK, Zhu XL, Li Z, Martinez TJ, Thorwart M, Miller RJD. Intermolecular vibrations mediate ultrafast singlet fission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb0052. [PMID: 32948583 PMCID: PMC7500928 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a spin-allowed exciton multiplication process in organic semiconductors that converts one spin-singlet exciton to two triplet excitons. It offers the potential to enhance solar energy conversion by circumventing the Shockley-Queisser limit on efficiency. We study the primary steps of singlet fission in a pentacene film by using a combination of TG and 2D electronic spectroscopy complemented by quantum chemical and nonadiabatic dynamics calculations. We show that the coherent vibrational dynamics induces the ultrafast transition from the singlet excited electronic state to the triplet-pair state via a degeneracy of potential energy surfaces, i.e., a multidimensional conical intersection. Significant vibronic coupling of the electronic wave packet to a few key intermolecular rocking modes in the low-frequency region connect the excited singlet and triplet-pair states. Along with high-frequency local vibrations acting as tuning modes, they open a new channel for the ultrafast exciton transfer through the resulting conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanyang Ye
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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Palm T, Nalbach P. Dephasing and relaxational polarized sub-Ohmic baths acting on a two-level system. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234108. [PMID: 31228889 DOI: 10.1063/1.5098467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study a quantum two-level system under the influence of two independent baths, i.e., a sub-Ohmic pure dephasing bath and an Ohmic or sub-Ohmic relaxational bath. We show that cooling such a system invariably polarizes one of the two baths. A polarized relaxational bath creates an effective asymmetry. This asymmetry can be suppressed by additional dephasing noise. This being less effective, the more dominant low frequencies are in the dephasing noise. A polarized dephasing bath generates a large shift in the coherent oscillation frequency of the two-level system. This frequency shift is little affected by additional relaxational noise nor by the frequency distribution of the dephasing noise itself. As our model reflects a typical situation for superconducting phase qubits, our findings can help optimize cooling protocols for future quantum electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Palm
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft & Informationstechnik, Westfälische Hochschule, Münsterstrasse 265, 46997 Bocholt, Germany
| | - P Nalbach
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft & Informationstechnik, Westfälische Hochschule, Münsterstrasse 265, 46997 Bocholt, Germany
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