1
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Livshits E, Bittner DM, Trost F, Meister S, Lindenblatt H, Treusch R, Gope K, Pfeifer T, Baer R, Moshammer R, Strasser D. Symmetry-breaking dynamics of a photoionized carbon dioxide dimer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6322. [PMID: 39060261 PMCID: PMC11282275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoionization can initiate structural reorganization of molecular matter and drive formation of new chemical bonds. Here, we used time-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pump - EUV probe Coulomb explosion imaging of carbon dioxide dimer ionC O 2 2 + dynamics, that combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, revealed unexpected asymmetric structural rearrangement. We show that ionization by the pump pulse induces rearrangement from the slipped-parallel (C2h) geometry of the neutral C O 2 dimer towards a T-shaped (C2v) structure on the ~100 fs timescale, although the most stable slipped-parallel (C2h) structure of the ionic dimer. Moreover, we find that excited states of the ionized C O 2 dimer can exhibit formation of aCO 3 moiety in theC 2 O 4 + complex that can persist even after a suitably time-delayed second photoionization in a metastableC 2 O 4 2 + dication. Our results suggest that charge asymmetry plays an important role in the ionization-induced dynamics in such dimers that are present in C O 2 rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Livshits
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror M Bittner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Krishnendu Gope
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- IISER-Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roi Baer
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Loreti A, Freixas VM, Avagliano D, Segatta F, Song H, Tretiak S, Mukamel S, Garavelli M, Govind N, Nenov A. WFOT: A Wave Function Overlap Tool between Single- and Multi-Reference Electronic Structure Methods for Spectroscopy Simulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4804-4819. [PMID: 38828948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the development of a novel diagnostic tool, named wave function overlap tool (WFOT), designed to evaluate the overlap between wave functions computed at single-reference [i.e., time-dependent density functional theory or configuration interaction singles (CIS)] and multireference (i.e., CASSCF/CASPT2) electronic structure levels of theory. It relies on truncating the single- and multireference WFs to CIS-like expansions spanning the same configurational space and maximizing the molecular orbital overlap by means of a unitary transformation. To demonstrate the functionality of the tool, we calculate the transient spectrum of acetylacetone by evaluating excited state absorption signals with multireference quality on top of single-reference on-the-fly dynamics simulations. Semiautomatic spectra generation is facilitated by interfacing the tool with the COBRAMM package, which also allows one to use WFOT with several quantum chemistry codes such as Gaussian, NWChem, and OpenMolcas. Other exciting possibilities for the utilization of the code beyond the simulation of transient absorption spectroscopy are eventually discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Loreti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Victor Manuel Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Davide Avagliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Francesco Segatta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna 40129, Italy
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3
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Qiu T, Bian X, Tao Z, Subotnik JE. A fast and smooth one-electron approach for investigating charge transfer states and D1-D0 crossings for systems with odd numbers of electrons. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214115. [PMID: 38832731 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose an efficient version of ensemble Hartree-Fock/density functional theory to calculate a set of two charge-transfer states for systems with odd-numbers of electrons. The approach does require definitions of donor/acceptor fragments; however, the approach is not very sensitive to such definitions-even in the limit of very strong electronic coupling. The key ansatz is that, by mandating that the vector space spanned by the active orbitals projects equally onto the donor and acceptor fragments, such a constraint eliminates all intra-molecular local excitations and makes it far easier to generate potential energy surfaces that are smooth over a wide region of configuration space. The method is fast, working with only two electron configurations, and should be useful for ab initio non-adiabatic dynamics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xuezhi Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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4
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Ponra A, Bakasa C, Etindele AJ, Casida ME. Diagrammatic multiplet sum method (MSM) density functional theory (DFT): Investigation of the transferability of integrals in "simple" DFT-based approaches to multideterminantal problems. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244306. [PMID: 38149739 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) typically works well for describing dynamic correlation. Two other types of correlation, arising in the cases of degenerate (static) or quasidegenerate (nondynamic) zero-order states, represent a difficult problem for DFT. When symmetry is present, multiplet sum method (MSM) DFT [Ziegler et al., Theor. Chim. Acta 4, 877 (1977)] provides one of the earliest and simplest ways to include static correlation in DFT. MSM-DFT assumes that DFT provides a good description of single-determinant energies and uses symmetry and simple ansätze to include the effects of static correlation. This is equivalent to determining the off-diagonal matrix elements in a small configuration interaction (CI) eigenvalue problem. Our ultimate goal, however, is nondynamic correlation in cases where symmetry is inadequate for fixing the dynamic-correlation limitation of DFT. To this end, we have developed a diagrammatic approach to MSM-DFT, which does not, by itself, solve the nondynamic correlation problem in DFT but which facilitates comparison with wave function CI and so allows educated guesses of off-diagonal CI matrix elements even in the absence of symmetry. In every case, an additional exchange-only ansatz (EXAN) allows the MSM-DFT formulas to be transformed into wave function formulas. This EXAN also works for transforming time-dependent DFT into time-dependent Hartree-Fock. Although not enough to uniquely guess DFT formulas from wave function formulas, the diagrammatic approach and the EXAN provide important constraints on any guesses that might be used. We illustrate how diagrammatic MSM-DFT may be used to guess a nondynamic correlation correction for the dissociation of H2 and how diagrammatic MSM-DFT may be used to guess a nonsymmetry-based coupling element in the O2 multiplet problem, which is reasonably close to a previous symmetry-derived result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ponra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Carolyne Bakasa
- Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobe, Kenya
| | - Anne Justine Etindele
- Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Mark E Casida
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie, Interactions et Chimie théorique (SITh), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM, UMR CNRS/UGA 5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble (ICMG, FR2607), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) 301 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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5
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Taylor JT, Tozer DJ, Curchod BFE. On the description of conical intersections between excited electronic states with LR-TDDFT and ADC(2). J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214115. [PMID: 38059547 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections constitute the conceptual bedrock of our working understanding of ultrafast, nonadiabatic processes within photochemistry (and photophysics). Accurate calculation of potential energy surfaces within the vicinity of conical intersections, however, still poses a serious challenge to many popular electronic structure methods. Multiple works have reported on the deficiency of methods like linear-response time-dependent density functional theory within the adiabatic approximation (AA LR-TDDFT) or algebraic diagrammatic construction to second-order [ADC(2)]-approaches often used in excited-state molecular dynamics simulations-to describe conical intersections between the ground and excited electronic states. In the present study, we focus our attention on conical intersections between excited electronic states and probe the ability of AA LR-TDDFT and ADC(2) to describe their topology and topography, using protonated formaldimine and pyrazine as two exemplar molecules. We also take the opportunity to revisit the performance of these methods in describing conical intersections involving the ground electronic state in protonated formaldimine-highlighting in particular how the intersection ring exhibited by AA LR-TDDFT can be perceived either as a (near-to-linear) seam of intersection or two interpenetrating cones, depending on the magnitude of molecular distortions within the branching space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - David J Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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6
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Zahid Nasim S, Sarfaraz S, Jan F, Yar M, Ur Rehaman A. Computational insights of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent detection and imaging of γ-glutamytranspeptidase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122814. [PMID: 37201329 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamytranspeptidase (GGT) is an important tumor biomarker that widely appears in the tumor cells. Therefore, accurate imaging and detection of GGT activity in live cells, serum and pathological cells grasp great importance for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of cancer. Herein, 2-(2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone (HPQ) is considered as the fluorophore probe for the detection of GGT activity, which is known for the typical mechanism of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). All the simulations adopted to evaluate the sensing mechanism were carried out via DFT and TDDFT calculations at CAM-B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. The emission properties of HPQ and HPQ-TD are thoroughly studied to understand the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. The results reveal that the fluorescence quenching of HPQ (enol form) is assigned to the PET process, whereas the large Stokes shift in fluorescence emission of HPQ (keto form) is related with ESIPT mechanism. The obtained results are further cross validated by frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, geometric analysis, and potential energy curve (PEC) scanning. Our calculations provide powerful evidence for the ESIPT based sensing mechanism of HPQ (keto-enol form) for GGT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Zahid Nasim
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Jan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Attiq Ur Rehaman
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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7
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Athavale V, Teh HH, Shao Y, Subotnik J. Analytical gradients and derivative couplings for the TDDFT-1D method. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244110. [PMID: 36586994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We derive and implement analytic gradients and derivative couplings for time-dependent density functional theory plus one double (TDDFT-1D) which is a semiempirical configuration interaction method whereby the Hamiltonian is diagonalized in a basis of all singly excited configurations and one doubly excited configuration as constructed from a set of reference Kohn-Sham orbitals. We validate the implementation by comparing against finite difference values. Furthermore, we show that our implementation can locate both optimized geometries and minimum-energy crossing points along conical seams of S1/S0 surfaces for a set of test cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishikh Athavale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hung-Hsuan Teh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Joseph Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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8
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Wu X, Wen S, Song H, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S, Yam C, Zhang Y. Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Tight-Binding Method. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084114. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics underpin many photophysical and photochemical phenomena, such as exciton dynamics, charge separation and transport. In this work, we present an efficient nonadiabatic molecular dynamic (NAMD) simulation method based on time-dependent density functional tight-binding (TDDFTB) theory. Specifically, the adiabatic electronic structure, an essential NAMD input, is described at the TDDFTB level. The nonadiabatic effects originating from the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei are treated by the trajectory surface hopping algorithm. To improve the computational efficiency, nonadiabatic couplings between excited states within the TDDFTB method are derived and implemented using an analytical approach. Further, the time-dependent nonadiabatic coupling scalars are calculated based on the overlap between molecular orbitals rather than the Slater determinants to speed up the simulations. In addition, the electronic decoherence scheme and a state reassigned unavoided crossings algorithm, which has been implemented in the NEXMD software, are used to improve the accuracy of the simulated dynamics and handle trivial unavoided crossings. Finally, the photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics of a benzene molecule are simulated to demonstrate our implementation. The results for excited state NAMD simulations of benzene molecule based on TDDFTB method compare well that obtained with numerically expensive time-dependent density functional theory. The proposed methodology provides an attractive theoretical simulation tool for predicting the photophysical and photochemical properties of complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, China
| | | | - Huajing Song
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States of America
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, T-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States of America
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States of America
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9
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Axelrod S, Shakhnovich E, Gómez-Bombarelli R. Excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of large photoswitchable molecules using a chemically transferable machine learning potential. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3440. [PMID: 35705543 PMCID: PMC9200747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-induced chemical processes are ubiquitous in nature and have widespread technological applications. For example, photoisomerization can allow a drug with a photo-switchable scaffold such as azobenzene to be activated with light. In principle, photoswitches with desired photophysical properties like high isomerization quantum yields can be identified through virtual screening with reactive simulations. In practice, these simulations are rarely used for screening, since they require hundreds of trajectories and expensive quantum chemical methods to account for non-adiabatic excited state effects. Here we introduce a diabatic artificial neural network (DANN), based on diabatic states, to accelerate such simulations for azobenzene derivatives. The network is six orders of magnitude faster than the quantum chemistry method used for training. DANN is transferable to azobenzene molecules outside the training set, predicting quantum yields for unseen species that are correlated with experiment. We use the model to virtually screen 3100 hypothetical molecules, and identify novel species with high predicted quantum yields. The model predictions are confirmed using high-accuracy non-adiabatic dynamics. Our results pave the way for fast and accurate virtual screening of photoactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Axelrod
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eugene Shakhnovich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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10
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Schmerwitz YLA, Ivanov AV, Jónsson EÖ, Jónsson H, Levi G. Variational Density Functional Calculations of Excited States: Conical Intersection and Avoided Crossing in Ethylene Bond Twisting. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3990-3999. [PMID: 35481754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies of photochemical processes require a description of the energy surfaces of excited electronic states, especially near degeneracies, where transitions between states are most likely. Systems relevant to photochemical applications are typically too large for high-level multireference methods, and while time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is efficient, it can fail to provide the required accuracy. A variational, time-independent density functional approach is applied to the twisting of the double bond and pyramidal distortion in ethylene, the quintessential model for photochemical studies. By allowing for symmetry breaking, the calculated energy surfaces exhibit the correct topology around the twisted-pyramidalized conical intersection even when using a semilocal functional approximation, and by including explicit self-interaction correction, the torsional energy curves are in close agreement with published multireference results. The findings of the present work point to the possibility of using a single determinant time-independent density functional approach to simulate nonadiabatic dynamics, even for large systems where multireference methods are impractical and TDDFT is often not accurate enough.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksei V Ivanov
- Science Institute of the University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elvar Ö Jónsson
- Science Institute of the University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute of the University of Iceland, VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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11
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Understanding the Photolysis of CH 3ONO 2 with the On-the-fly Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation at the ADC(2) Level. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Athavale V, Teh HH, Subotnik JE. On the inclusion of one double within CIS and TDDFT. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:154105. [PMID: 34686061 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an improved approach for generating a set of optimized frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) that minimizes the energy of one double configuration. We further benchmark the effect of including such a double within a rigorous configuration interaction singles or a parameterized semi-empirical time-dependent density functional theory Hamiltonian for a set of test cases. Although we cannot quite achieve quantitative accuracy, the algorithm is quite robust and routinely delivers an enormous qualitative improvement to standard single-reference electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishikh Athavale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19 104-6323, USA
| | - Hung-Hsuan Teh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19 104-6323, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19 104-6323, USA
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13
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Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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14
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Levine BG, Durden AS, Esch MP, Liang F, Shu Y. CAS without SCF-Why to use CASCI and where to get the orbitals. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:090902. [PMID: 33685182 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method has seen broad adoption due to its ability to describe the electronic structure of both the ground and excited states of molecules over a broader swath of the potential energy surface than is possible with the simpler Hartree-Fock approximation. However, it also has a reputation for being unwieldy, computationally costly, and un-black-box. Here, we discuss a class of alternatives, complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) methods, paying particular attention to their application to electronic excited states. The goal of this Perspective is fourfold. First, we argue that CASCI is not merely an approximation to CASSCF, in that it can be designed to have important qualitative advantages over CASSCF. Second, we present several insights drawn from our experience experimenting with different schemes for computing orbitals to be employed in CASCI. Third, we argue that CASCI is well suited for application to nanomaterials. Finally, we reason that, with the rise in new low-scaling approaches for describing multireference systems, there is a greater need than ever to develop new methods for defining orbitals that provide an efficient and accurate description of both static correlation and electronic excitations in a limited active space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Andrew S Durden
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Michael P Esch
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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15
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Jin Z, Subotnik JE. Nonadiabatic Dynamics at Metal Surfaces: Fewest Switches Surface Hopping with Electronic Relaxation. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:614-626. [PMID: 33512137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new scheme is proposed for modeling molecular nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surfaces. The charge-transfer character of such dynamics is exploited to construct an efficient reduced representation for the electronic structure. In this representation, the fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) approach can be naturally modified to include electronic relaxation (ER). The resulting FSSH-ER method is valid across a wide range of coupling strengths as supported by tests applied to the Anderson-Holstein model for electron transfer. Future work will combine this scheme with ab initio electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxin Jin
- Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Cret Wing 141D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Cret Wing 141D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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16
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Teh HH, Subotnik JE. Analytic gradients and derivative couplings for configuration interaction with all single excitations and one double excitation-En route to nonadiabatic dynamics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184106. [PMID: 33187425 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present analytic gradients and derivative couplings for the simplest possible multireference configuration interaction method, CIS-1D, an electronic structure Ansatz that includes all single excitations and one lone double excitation on top of a Hartree-Fock reference state. We show that the resulting equations are numerically stable and require the evaluation of a similar number of integrals as compared to standard CIS theory; one can easily differentiate the required frontier orbitals (h and l) with minimal cost. The resulting algorithm has been implemented within the Q-Chem electronic structure package and should be immediately useful for understanding photochemistry with S0-S1 crossings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsuan Teh
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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17
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Abstract
We discuss the physical properties and accuracy of three distinct dynamical (i.e., frequency-dependent) kernels for the computation of optical excitations within linear response theory: (i) an a priori built kernel inspired by the dressed time-dependent density-functional theory kernel proposed by Maitra et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 120, 5932 (2004)], (ii) the dynamical kernel stemming from the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism derived originally by Strinati [Riv. Nuovo Cimento 11, 1-86 (1988)], and (iii) the second-order BSE kernel derived by Zhang et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 154109 (2013)]. The principal take-home message of the present paper is that dynamical kernels can provide, thanks to their frequency-dependent nature, additional excitations that can be associated with higher-order excitations (such as the infamous double excitations), an unappreciated feature of dynamical quantities. We also analyze, for each kernel, the appearance of spurious excitations originating from the approximate nature of the kernels, as first evidenced by Romaniello et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 044108 (2009)]. Using a simple two-level model, prototypical examples of valence, charge-transfer, and Rydberg excited states are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Authier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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18
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Farfan CA, Turner DB. A systematic model study quantifying how conical intersection topography modulates photochemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20265-20283. [PMID: 32966428 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite their important role in photochemistry and expected presence in most polyatomic molecules, conical intersections have been thoroughly characterized in a comparatively small number of systems. Conical intersections can confer molecular photoreactivity or photostability, often with remarkable efficacy, due to their unique structure: at a conical intersection, the adiabatic potential energy surfaces of two or more electronic states are degenerate, enabling ultrafast decay from an excited state without radiative emission, known as nonadiabatic transfer. Furthermore, the precise conical intersection topography determines fundamental properties of photochemical processes, including excited-state decay rate, efficacy, and molecular products that are formed. However, these relationships have yet to be defined comprehensively. In this article, we use an adaptable computational model to investigate a variety of conical intersection topographies, simulate resulting nonadiabatic dynamics, and calculate key photochemical observables. We varied the vibrational mode frequencies to modify conical intersection topography systematically in four primary classes of conical intersections and quantified the resulting rate, total yield, and product yield of nonadiabatic decay. The results reveal that higher vibrational mode frequencies reduce nonadiabatic transfer, but increase the transfer rate and resulting photoproduct formation. These trends can inform progress toward experimental control of photochemical reactions or tuning of molecules' photochemical properties based on conical intersections and their topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Farfan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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19
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Peters LDM, Kussmann J, Ochsenfeld C. A Fermi smearing variant of the Tamm–Dancoff approximation for nonadiabatic dynamics involving S 1–S 0 transitions: Validation and application to azobenzene. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:094104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0016487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens D. M. Peters
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Jörg Kussmann
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Ding S, Xu A, Sun A, Xia Y, Liu Y. An Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer-Based Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for the Turn-on Detection of Cysteine: A Detailed Theoretical Exploration. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19695-19701. [PMID: 32803064 PMCID: PMC7424714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
DFT and TDDFT calculations are adopted to study the sensing mechanism of a turn-on-type cysteine fluorescent probe (2-(1-phenyl-imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine-3-yl)phenyl acrylate, denoted as MZC-AC). The photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of MZC-AC and the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process of MZC have been investigated in detail. We demonstrate that the fluorescence quenching of MZC-AC is ascribed to the PET mechanism and the large Stokes shift fluorescence emission of MZC is the result of the ESIPT mechanism. The results have been cross-validated by geometries, frontier molecular orbital analysis, and potential energy curve scanning. As a result, our calculations completely reproduce the experimental results and give powerful evidence for the sensing mechanism of MZC-AC for cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Ding
- School
of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
- Hunan
Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber Functional Materials, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Aixiang Xu
- School
of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of
Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Aokui Sun
- School
of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Yong Xia
- School
of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- School
of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
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21
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Yu JK, Bannwarth C, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Hole–Hole Tamm–Dancoff Approximated Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5499-5511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy K. Yu
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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22
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Bannwarth C, Yu JK, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff-approximated density functional theory: A highly efficient electronic structure method incorporating dynamic and static correlation. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:024110. [PMID: 32668944 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of photochemical reaction dynamics requires accurate as well as computationally efficient electronic structure methods for the ground and excited states. While time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is not able to capture static correlation, complete active space self-consistent field methods neglect much of the dynamic correlation. Hence, inexpensive methods that encompass both static and dynamic electron correlation effects are of high interest. Here, we revisit hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff approximated (hh-TDA) density functional theory for this purpose. The hh-TDA method is the hole-hole counterpart to the more established particle-particle TDA (pp-TDA) method, both of which are derived from the particle-particle random phase approximation (pp-RPA). In hh-TDA, the N-electron electronic states are obtained through double annihilations starting from a doubly anionic (N+2 electron) reference state. In this way, hh-TDA treats ground and excited states on equal footing, thus allowing for conical intersections to be correctly described. The treatment of dynamic correlation is introduced through the use of commonly employed density functional approximations to the exchange-correlation potential. We show that hh-TDA is a promising candidate to efficiently treat the photochemistry of organic and biochemical systems that involve several low-lying excited states-particularly those with both low-lying ππ* and nπ* states where inclusion of dynamic correlation is essential to describe the relative energetics. In contrast to the existing literature on pp-TDA and pp-RPA, we employ a functional-dependent choice for the response kernel in pp- and hh-TDA, which closely resembles the response kernels occurring in linear response and collinear spin-flip TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jimmy K Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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23
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Jin Z, Dou W, Subotnik JE. Configuration interaction approaches for solving quantum impurity models. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:064105. [PMID: 32061216 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop several configuration interaction approaches for characterizing the electronic structure of an adsorbate on a metal surface (at least in model form). When one can separate the adsorbate from the substrate, these methods can achieve a reasonable description of adsorbate on-site electron-electron correlation in the presence of a continuum of states. While the present paper is restricted to the Anderson impurity model, there is hope that these methods can be extended to ab initio Hamiltonians and provide insight into the structure and dynamics of molecule-metal surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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24
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Farfan CA, Turner DB. Nonadiabatic Photochemistry Induced by Inaccessible Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7768-7776. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille A. Farfan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York New York 10003, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York New York 10003, United States
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