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Ferreira BR, Martins FA, Freitas MP. Expanding chalcogen bonds in thiophenes to interactions with halogens. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1914-1920. [PMID: 38695838 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Compounds containing the thiophene moiety find several applications in physics and chemistry, such as electrical conduction, which depends on specific conformations to properly exhibiting the desired properties. In turn, chalcogen bonding has found to modulate the conformation of some N-thiophen-2-ylfomamides. Since halogens participate in a kin interaction (halogen bonding) and are abundant in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials, we have quantum-chemically explored the interaction between organic halogen and thiophene as a conformational modulator in some model compounds. Although such interaction indeed appears, as demonstrated by atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analysis, it is inefficient to control the conformational equilibrium. An energy decomposition analysis scheme demonstrated that halomethane and thiophene tend to move away from one another due to a core component (Pauli repulsion and exchange), which is mainly due to a deformation term. Therefore, chalcogen bonds with halogens appear weaker than with other chalcogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus P Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Kubota K, Kondo K, Seo T, Jin M, Ito H. Solid-state mechanochemical cross-coupling of insoluble substrates into insoluble products by removable solubilizing silyl groups: uniform synthesis of nonsubstituted linear oligothiophenes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28652-28657. [PMID: 37780729 PMCID: PMC10540273 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional solution-based organic reactions that involve insoluble substrates are challenging and inefficient. Furthermore, even if the reaction is successful, the corresponding products are insoluble in most cases, making their isolation and subsequent transformations difficult. Hence, the conversion of insoluble compounds into insoluble products remains a challenge in practical synthetic chemistry. In this study, we showcase a potential solution to address these solubility issues by combining a mechanochemical cross-coupling approach with removable solubilizing silyl groups. Our strategy involves solid-state Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions between organoboron nucleophiles bearing a silyl group with long alkyl chains and insoluble polyaromatic halides. The silyl group on the nucleophile can act as a solubilizing group that enables product isolation via silica gel column chromatography and can be easily removed by the addition of fluoride anions to form the desired insoluble coupling products with sufficient purity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that after aromatic electrophilic bromination of the desilylated products, sequential solid-state cross-coupling of the obtained insoluble brominated substrates, followed by desilylation, afforded further π-extended functional molecules. Using this conceptually new protocol, we achieved the first uniform synthesis of the longest nonsubstituted linear insoluble 9-mer oligothiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Keisuke Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tamae Seo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Mingoo Jin
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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3
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Theoretical insights into the diverse and tunable charge transport behavior of stilbene-based single-molecule junctions. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Pitié S, Seydou M, Dappe YJ, Martin P, Maurel F, Lacroix JC. Insights on asymmetric BTB-based molecular junctions: Effect of electrode coupling. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Gao T, He C, Liu C, Fan Y, Zhao C, Zhao C, Su W, Dappe YJ, Yang L. Oligothiophene molecular wires at graphene-based molecular junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21163-21171. [PMID: 34528653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of graphene as a new type of electrode at molecular junctions has led to a renewal of molecular electronics. Indeed, the symmetry breaking induced by the graphene electrode yields different electronic behaviors at the molecular junction and in particular enhanced conductance for longer molecules. In this respect, several studies involving different molecular backbones and anchoring groups have been performed. Here in the same line, we consider oligopthiophene based hybrid gold-graphene junctions and we measure their electrical properties using the STM-I(s) method in order to determine their attenuation factor and the effect of specific anchoring groups. The results are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and exhibit a similar behavior to what is observed at alkane-based junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Chunhui He
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yinqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Cezhou Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weitao Su
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191, France
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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6
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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Lee HJ, Cho SJ, Kang H, He X, Yoon HJ. Achieving Ultralow, Zero, and Inverted Tunneling Attenuation Coefficients in Molecular Wires with Extended Conjugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005711. [PMID: 33543557 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular tunnel junctions are organic devices miniaturized to the molecular scale. They serve as a versatile toolbox that can systematically examine charge transport behaviors at the atomic level. The electrical conductance of the molecular wire that bridges the two electrodes in a junction is significantly influenced by its chemical structure, and an intrinsically poor conductance is a major barrier for practical applications toward integrating individual molecules into electronic circuitry. Therefore, highly conjugated molecular wires are attractive as active components for the next-generation electronic devices, owing to the narrow highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest occupied molecular orbital gaps provided by their extended π-building blocks. This article aims to highlight the significance of highly conductive molecular wires in molecular electronics, the structures of which are inspired from conductive organic polymers, and presents a body of discussion on molecular wires exhibiting ultralow, zero, or inverted attenuation of tunneling probability at different lengths, along with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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Chen Y, Huang L, Chen H, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Hong W. Towards Responsive
Single‐Molecule
Device. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Longfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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Barclay MS, Elles CG, Caricato M. On the Discrepancy between Experimental and Calculated Raman Intensities for Conjugated Phenyl and Thiophene Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4678-4689. [PMID: 32392419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with experimental spectra, calculations for conjugated phenyl and thiophene oligomers tend to overestimate the ground state Raman intensities of higher-frequency vibrations (1200-1800 cm-1) relative to the intensities at lower frequencies (<1200 cm-1). The discrepancy was observed in previous benchmarking work that examined the method dependence of the calculated Raman spectra for a series of aromatic molecules. This paper further investigates the nature of the discrepancy by examining the role of anharmonic corrections and the dependence of the calculated Raman spectra on the inter-ring torsion angle for the representative molecules biphenyl (BP), 2-phenylthiophene (PT), and 2,2'-bithiophene (BT). Perturbative anharmonic corrections to the spectra calculated using density functional theory (DFT) provide only slightly better agreement with experiment. On the other hand, calculations at larger torsion angles give up to 30% improvement in the relative Raman intensities compared with the spectra calculated at the optimized geometries. The torsion-angle dependence of the Raman intensities is most pronounced for delocalized C-C and C-S stretching modes, and less pronounced for bending and ring distortion modes that do not involve inter-ring stretching. Higher-level calculations using the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] method indicate that DFT underestimates the energy barrier for torsion isomerization at small angles, and it overestimates the barriers at large angles, thus predicting minimum geometries at torsion angles that are too small. Therefore, the results suggest that the discrepancy in relative Raman intensities may be related to an overestimation of inter-ring conjugation by DFT, which also tends to favor geometries that are too planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Barclay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Barclay MS, Elles CG, Caricato M. Benchmark Study of Ground-State Raman Spectra in Conjugated Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:612-620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Barclay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G. Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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