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Wu XR, Wu SQ, Liu ZK, Chen MX, Tao J, Sato O, Kou HZ. Integrating spin-dependent emission and dielectric switching in Fe II catenated metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3961. [PMID: 38729932 PMCID: PMC11087595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) including famous catenanes show switchable physical properties and attract continuous research interest due to their potential application in molecular devices. The advantages of using spin crossover (SCO) materials here are enormous, allowing for control through diverse stimuli and highly specific functions, and enabling the transfer of the internal dynamics of MIMs from solution to solid state, leading to macroscopic applications. Herein, we report the efficient self-assembly of catenated metal-organic frameworks (termed catena-MOFs) induced by stacking interactions, through the combination of rationally selected flexible and conjugated naphthalene diimide-based bis-pyridyl ligand (BPND), [MI(CN)2]- (M = Ag or Au) and Fe2+ in a one-step strategy. The obtained bimetallic Hofmann-type SCO-MOFs [FeII(BPND){Ag(CN)2}2]·3CHCl3 (1Ag) and [FeII(BPND{Au(CN)2}2]·2CHCl3·2H2O (1Au) possess a unique three-dimensional (3D) catena-MOF constructed from the polycatenation of two-dimensional (2D) layers with hxl topology. Both complexes undergo thermal- and light-induced SCO. Significantly, abnormal increases in the maximum emission intensity and dielectric constant can be detected simultaneously with the switching of spin states. This research opens up SCO-actuated bistable MIMs that afford dual functionality of coupled fluorescence emission and dielectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ru Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Zhi-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ming-Xing Chen
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, PR China
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hui-Zhong Kou
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China.
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2
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Wen W, Liu Q, Zhang S, Yao N, Oshio H, Meng Y, Liu T. Spin‐Crossover Tuned Rotation of Pyrazolyl Rings in a 2D Iron(II) Complex towards Synergetic Magnetic and Dielectric Transitions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208886. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yantai University 30 Qingquan Rd. 264005 Yantai China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
| | - Shi‐Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
| | - Nian‐Tao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
| | - Hiroki Oshio
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
| | - Yin‐Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian China
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3
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Wen W, Liu Q, Zhang SH, Yao NT, Oshio H, Meng YS, Liu T. Spin‐Crossover Tuned Rotation of Pyrazolyl Rings in a 2D Iron(II) Complex towards Synergetic Magnetic and Dielectric Transitions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Shi-Hui Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Nian-Tao Yao
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Hiroki Oshio
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Yin-Shan Meng
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd., Dalian, 116024, China. 116024 Dalian CHINA
| | - Tao Liu
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals 2 Linggong Rd. 116024 Dalian CHINA
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Blanco AA, Adams DJ, Azoulay JD, Spinu L, Wiley JB. Synthesis and Characterization of [Fe(Htrz) 2(trz)](BF 4)] Nanocubes. Molecules 2022; 27:1213. [PMID: 35209000 PMCID: PMC8874602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds that exhibit spin-crossover (SCO) type behavior have been extensively investigated due to their ability to act as molecular switches. Depending on the coordinating ligand, in this case 1H-1,2,4-triazole, and the crystallite size of the SCO compound produced, the energy requirement for the spin state transition can vary. Here, SCO [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)] nanoparticles were synthesized using modified reverse micelle methods. Reaction conditions and reagent ratios are strictly controlled to produce nanocubes of 40-50 nm in size. Decreases in energy requirements are seen in both thermal and magnetic transitions for the smaller sized crystallites, where, compared to bulk materials, a decrease of as much as 20 °C can be seen in low to high spin state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Blanco
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (A.A.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Adams
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; (D.J.A.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Jason D. Azoulay
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; (D.J.A.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Leonard Spinu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (A.A.B.); (L.S.)
| | - John B. Wiley
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (A.A.B.); (L.S.)
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Capel Berdiell I, Davies DJ, Woodworth J, Kulmaczewski R, Cespedes O, Halcrow MA. Structures and Spin States of Iron(II) Complexes of Isomeric 2,6-Di(1,2,3-triazolyl)pyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14988-15000. [PMID: 34547208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron(II) complex salts of 2,6-di(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine (L1) are unexpectedly unstable in undried solvent. This is explained by the isolation of [Fe(L1)4(H2O)2][ClO4]2 and [Fe(NCS)2(L1)2(H2O)2]·L1, containing L1 bound as a monodentate ligand rather than in the expected tridentate fashion. These complexes associate into 44 grid structures through O-H···N hydrogen bonding; a solvate of a related 44 coordination framework, catena-[Cu(μ-L1)2(H2O)2][BF4]2, is also presented. The isomeric ligands 2,6-di(1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyridine (L2) and 2,6-di(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L3) bind to iron(II) in a more typical tridentate fashion. Solvates of [Fe(L3)2][ClO4]2 are low-spin and diamagnetic in the solid state and in solution, while [Fe(L2)2][ClO4]2 and [Co(L3)2][BF4]2 are fully high-spin. Treatment of L3 with methyl iodide affords 2,6-di(2-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L4) and 2-(1-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L5). While salts of [Fe(L5)2]2+ are low-spin in the solid state, [Fe(L4)2][ClO4]2·H2O is high-spin, and [Fe(L4)2][ClO4]2·3MeNO2 exhibits a hysteretic spin transition to 50% completeness at T1/2 = 128 K (ΔT1/2 = 6 K). This transition proceeds via a symmetry-breaking phase transition to an unusual low-temperature phase containing three unique cation sites with high-spin, low-spin, and 1:1 mixed-spin populations. The unusual distribution of the spin states in the low-temperature phase reflects "spin-state frustration" of the mixed-spin cation site by an equal number of high-spin and low-spin nearest neighbors. Gas-phase density functional theory calculations reproduce the spin-state preferences of these and some related complexes. These highlight the interplay between the σ-basicity and π-acidity of the heterocyclic donors in this ligand type, which have opposing influences on the molecular ligand field. The Brønsted basicities of L1-L3 are very sensitive to the linkage isomerism of their triazolyl donors, which explains why their iron complex spin states show more variation than the better-known iron(II)/2,6-dipyrazolylpyridine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izar Capel Berdiell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Daniel J Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Jack Woodworth
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Rafal Kulmaczewski
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, E. C. Stoner Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Malcolm A Halcrow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Galadzhun I, Kulmaczewski R, Cespedes O, Halcrow MA. Iron/2,6‐Di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine Complexes with a Discotic Pattern of Alkyl or Alkynyl Substituents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Galadzhun
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds EC Stoner Building Leeds LS2 9JT UK
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7
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Anomalous Pressure Effects on the Electrical Conductivity of the Spin Crossover Complex [Fe(pyrazine){Au(CN)2}2]. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the spin-state dependence of the electrical conductivity of two nanocrystalline powder samples of the spin crossover complex [Fe(pyrazine){Au(CN)2}2]. By applying an external pressure (up to 3 kbar), we were able to tune the charge transport properties of the material from a more conductive low spin state to a crossover point toward a more conductive high spin state. We rationalize these results by taking into account the spin-state dependence of the activation parameters of the conductivity.
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Soroceanu I, Lupu SL, Rusu I, Piedrahita-Bello M, Salmon L, Molnár G, Demont P, Bousseksou A, Rotaru A. Ligand substitution effects on the charge transport properties of the spin crossover complex [Fe(Htrz) 1+y-x (trz) 2-y (NH 2trz) x ](BF 4)y·nH 2O. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:264002. [PMID: 32120350 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7ba2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex dielectric permittivity of a series of spin crossover complexes, with variable ligand stoichiometry [Fe(Htrz)1+y-x (trz)2-y (NH2trz) x ](BF4) y ·nH2O, has been investigated as a function of temperature in a wide frequency range. In each compound, a substantial drop of the conductivity and permittivity is evidenced when going from the low spin to the high spin state, albeit with decreasing amplitude for increasing ligand substitution (i.e. for increasing x). The deconvolution of the dielectric spectra using the Havriliak-Negami equation allowed to extract the dipole and conductivity relaxation times, their distributions as well as the dielectric strengths in both spin states. Remarkably, no clear correlation appears between the conductivity changes and the lattice properties (Debye temperature) in the dilution series. We rationalize these results by considering the dimensionality of the system (1D), wherein the charge transport occurs most likely by hopping along the [Fe(Rtrz)3] n n+ chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Soroceanu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and MANSiD Research Center, Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania
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Rubio-Giménez V, Tatay S, Martí-Gastaldo C. Electrical conductivity and magnetic bistability in metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers: charge transport and spin crossover at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5601-5638. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to reassess the progress, issues and opportunities in the path towards integrating conductive and magnetically bistable coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks as active components in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rubio-Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)
| | - Sergio Tatay
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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