1
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Wang YQ, Xu H, Cao B, Ma J, Yu ZW. In Situ Species Analysis of a Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Containing LiTFSI and Propylene Carbonate. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:5047-5055. [PMID: 38701394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the species in a model electrolyte consisting of a lithium salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide (LiTFSI), and a widely used neutral solvent propylene carbonate (PC) with excess infrared (IR) spectroscopy, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD), and quantum chemical calculations. Complexing species including the charged ones [Li+(PC)4, TFSI-, TFSI-(PC), TFSI-(PC)2, and Li(TFSI)2-] are identified in the electrolyte. Quantum chemical calculations show strong Li+···O(PC) interaction, which suggests that Li+ would transport in the mode of solvation-carriage. However, the interaction energy of each hydrogen bond in TFSI-(PC) is very weak, suggesting that TFSI- would transport in hopping mode. In addition, the concentration dependences of the relative population of the species were also derived, providing a scenario for the dissolving process of the salt in PC. These in-depth studies provide physical insights into the structural and interactive properties of the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hengyue Xu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bobo Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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2
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Kalhor P, Sun Z, Yu Z. Spectroscopic and Computational Study of ZnCl 2-Methanol Low-Melting-Temperature Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38424008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic electrolyte mixtures have wide applications in industries. In this study, a series of mixtures composed of ZnCl2 and methanol (MeOH) with ZnCl2 mol % from 6.7 to 25 were prepared, and their spectral, structural, and thermodynamic properties were studied using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT-assisted analysis of excess spectra, supported by 2D-correlation spectroscopy, led to the identification of the major constituents of ZnCl2-MeOH mixtures, namely, MeOH monomer, MeOH dimer, and ZnCl2-3MeOH complex, produced after dissociation of MeOH trimer which represents the bulk methanol. The Hirshfeld charge analysis showed that in the competition between the O-H···Cl hydrogen bond (H-bond) and Zn ← O coordination bond to transfer charge in ZnCl2-MeOH complexes, the latter always dominates, making MeOH positively charged. The phase diagram of the binary system showed the presence of V-shaped glass transition temperatures (Tg), characteristic of low-melting mixture solvents (LoMMSs). The present study provides insights into the microscopic properties of the system and sheds light on the understanding of the general principles to prepare deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) or LoMMSs using inorganic salts and alcoholic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kalhor
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Am Fasanengarten 5, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zhaoxi Sun
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Zhou L, Feng RR, Zhang W, Gai F. Triple-Bond Vibrations: Emerging Applications in Energy and Biological Sciences. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:187-200. [PMID: 38156972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triple bonds, such as that formed between two carbon atoms (i.e., C≡C) or that formed between one carbon atom and one nitrogen atom (i.e., C≡N), afford unique chemical bonding and hence vibrational characteristics. As such, they are not only frequently used to construct molecules with tailored chemical and/or physical properties but also employed as vibrational probes to provide site-specific chemical and/or physical information at the molecular level. Herein, we offer our perspective on the emerging applications of various triple-bond vibrations in energy and biological sciences with a focus on C≡C and C≡N triple bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ran-Ran Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Gai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Lake WR, Meng J, Dawlaty JM, Lian T, Hammes-Schiffer S. Electro-inductive Effect Dominates Vibrational Frequency Shifts of Conjugated Probes on Gold Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22548-22554. [PMID: 37795975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial electric fields play a critical role in electrocatalysis and are often characterized by using vibrational probes attached to an electrode surface. Understanding the physical principles dictating the impact of the applied electrode potential on the vibrational probe frequency is important. Herein, a comparative study is performed for two molecular probes attached to a gold electrode. Both probes contain a nitrile (CN) group, but 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN) exhibits continuous conjugation from the electrode through the nitrile group, whereas this conjugation is interrupted for 2-(4-mercaptophenyl)acetonitrile (4-MPCN). Periodic density functional theory calculations predict that the CN vibrational frequency shift of the 4-MBN system is dominated by induction, which is a through-bond polarization effect, leading to a strong potential dependence that does not depend significantly on the orientation of the CN bond relative to the surface. In contrast, the CN vibrational frequency shift of the 4-MPCN system is influenced less by induction and more by through-space electric field effects, leading to a weaker potential dependence and a greater orientation dependence. These theoretical predictions were confirmed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy experiments. Balancing through-bond and through-space electrostatic effects may assist in the fundamental understanding and design of electrocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Lake
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jinhui Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Maitra A, Das P, Thompson BC, Dawlaty JM. Distinguishing between the Electrostatic Effects and Explicit Ion Interactions in a Stark Probe. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2511-2520. [PMID: 36917012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational Stark probes are incisive tools for measuring local electric fields in a wide range of chemical environments. The interpretation of the frequency shift often gets complicated due to the specific interactions of the probe, such as hydrogen bonding and Lewis bonding. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between the pure electrostatic response and the response due to such specific interactions. Here we report a molecular system that is sensitive to both the Stark effect from a single ion and the explicit Lewis bonding of ions with the probe. The molecule consists of a crown ether with an appended benzonitrile. The crown captures cations of various charges, and the electric field from the ions is sensed by the benzonitrile probe. Additionally, the lone pair of the benzonitrile can engage in Lewis interactions with some of the ions by donating partial charge density to the ions. Our system exhibits both of these effects and therefore is a suitable test bed for distinguishing between the pure electrostatic and the Lewis interactions. Our computational results show that the electrostatic influence of the ion is operative at large distances, while the Lewis interaction becomes important only within distances that permit orbital overlap. Our results may be useful for using the nitrile probe for measuring electrostatic and coordination effects in complex ionic environments such as the electrode-electrolyte interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Pratyusha Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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6
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Role of the electrostatic interactions in the changes in the CN stretching frequency of benzonitrile interacting with hydrogen-bond donating molecules. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Wang YQ, Yu ZW. Generalized Excess Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1775-1781. [PMID: 35258310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With a clear enhancement of the apparent resolution of experimentally determined spectra, excess spectroscopy has been developed as a powerful tool to study solution structures and molecular interactions. In the standard procedure of the method, excess spectra are calculated based on the ideal spectra constructed using two pure compounds. This limits the applications of the method when the pure compounds are unstable or their physical state is different from that of the mixtures. To overcome the problem or to extend the application, we propose generalized excess spectroscopy in this work, where the ideal spectrum is evaluated from the spectra of reference mixtures. After deducing the working equations, we performed digital simulation and then applied the novel approach to a binary system consisting of tert-butanol and carbon tetrachloride. Both results illustrated the feasibility and universality of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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8
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Zhou F, Shi R, Wang Y, Xue Z, Zhang B, Mu T. Acidity Scales of Deep Eutectic Solvents based on IR and NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16973-16978. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acidic deep eutectic solvents (ADESs) have been utilized in various applications. Clearly, it is crucial to obtain acidity information that could reveal the relationship with performance. However, appropriate methods of...
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Zhang Y, Tan X, Ding W, Wang Y, He H, Yu Z. Tracking the Micro-Heterogeneity and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Hydroxyl-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Solutions: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1891-1899. [PMID: 34236730 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are an important class of media that are usually used in combination with polar solvents to reduce costs and tune their physicochemical properties. In this regard, it is essential to understand the influence of adding solvents on the properties of ILs. In this work, the micro-heterogeneity and H-bonding interactions between a hydroxyl-functionalized IL, [HOEmim][TFSI], and acetonitrile (ACN) were investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular simulations. All studied IL-ACN mixtures were found to deviate from the ideal mixtures. The degree of deviations reaches the maximum at about x(ACN)=0.7 with the presence of both homogeneous clusters of pure IL/ACN and heterogeneous clusters of IL-ACN. With the addition of ACN to IL, the mixtures undergo the transformation from "ACN solvated in [HOEmim][TFSI]" to "[HOEmim][TFSI] solvated in ACN". It is found that the newly formed H-bonding interactions between the IL and ACN is the main factor that contributes to the red shifts of O-H, C2 -H, C4,5 -H, and Calkyl -H of [HOEmim]+ cation, and the blue shifts of C-D, C≡N of ACN, and C-F, S=O of [TFSI]- anion. These in-depth studies on the mixtures of hydroxyl-functionalized IL and acetonitrile would help to understand the micro-heterogeneity and H-bonding interactions of miscible solutions and shed light on exploring their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weilu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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10
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Quantum chemical calculations on dissolution of dimethylformamide in ethaline. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107966. [PMID: 34174555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) gained attention of researchers as green solvents. Making binary mixtures of DESs with appropriate cosolvents is a strategy to obtain more favorable mixtures. Here, structural features and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) properties of binary mixtures containing ethaline (ETH) DES, (choline chloride (ChCl):2 ethylene glycol (EG)) with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) are reported. Such investigations are carried out by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that in ETH-DMF mixtures, DMF molecules can hardly overcome the strong Columbic interaction and doubly ionic H-bonds between the ions Ch+ and Cl- or the ionic H-bonds between Ch+ and EG. Upon EG addition to ChCl to obtain ETH or DMF addition to ETH, the Cl- … Ch+ connectivity decreases, implying charge delocalization from Cl- to other components rather than Ch+. This is supported by the blue shift of Ch+ hydroxyl observed in the calculated infrared spectra.
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11
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The Structures of ZnCl 2-Ethanol Mixtures, a Spectroscopic and Quantum Chemical Calculation Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092498. [PMID: 33922922 PMCID: PMC8123294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report in this article the structural properties, spectral behavior and heterogeneity of ZnCl2-ethanol (EtOH) mixtures in a wide-composition range (1:3 to 1:14 in molar ratios), using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. To improve the resolution of the initial IR spectra, excess spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy were employed. The transformation process was suggested to be from EtOH trimer and EtOH tetramer to EtOH monomer, EtOH dimer and ZnCl2-3EtOH complex upon mixing. The theoretical findings showed that increasing the content of EtOH was accompanied with the flow of negative charge to ZnCl2. This led to reinforcement of the Zn←O coordination bonds, increase of the ionic character of Zn‒Cl bond and weakening and even dissociation of the Zn‒Cl bond. It was found that in some of the ZnCl2-EtOH complexes optimized at the gas phase or under the solvent effect, there existed hydroxyls with a very special interactive array in the form of Cl‒Zn+←O‒H…Cl-, which incredibly red-shifted to wavenumbers <3000 cm-1. This in-depth study shows the physical insights of the respective electrolyte alcoholic solutions, particularly the solvation process of the salt, help to rationalize the reported experimental results, and may shed light on understanding the properties of the deep eutectic solvents formed from ZnCl2 and an alcohol.
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12
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Kalhor P, Ghandi K, Ashraf H, Yu Z. The structural properties of a ZnCl 2-ethylene glycol binary system and the peculiarities at the eutectic composition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13136-13147. [PMID: 34075959 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was performed on a series of ZnCl2-ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures with a wide-range of compositions (1 : 1.5-1 : 14 in molar ratios), involving the stable ZnCl2-4EG deep-eutectic solvent (DES) composition, to explore the spectral variations, structural heterogeneity, and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) properties. To enhance the resolution of the spectra, excess absorption and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopies were employed. In the initial IR spectra, a quasi-isosbestic point was identified, signaling that the major disturbance on EG microstructures by adding ZnCl2 is to form a distinct complex. Further analysis uncovered the main transformation process to be from the EG tetramer to the ZnCl2-4EG complex. It was also found that as the EG content increases, negative charge increasingly transfers to ZnCl2, resulting in the strengthening of the Zn ← O coordination bonds and the weakening and finally dissociation of Zn-Cl bonds. Regarding the ZnCl2-4EG DES, several incomparable specificities were observed. It was found that ZnCl2 destructed the H-bonding network of pure EG to the largest extent, resulting in the highest production of the dimer and trimer of EG. Moreover, in comparison with other compositions, the ZnCl2-4EG DES showed abrupt increases in the negative charge of the salt, the length of the Zn-Cl bond, and the strength of the Zn ← O coordination bond. All these imply the strongest intermolecular interactions and the highest solvation of ZnCl2 in EG at the eutectic composition compared to those of other mixtures, resulting in a super-stable liquid mixture. The work provides physical insights into the structural and interactive properties of deep-eutectic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kalhor
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Khashayar Ghandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hamad Ashraf
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Acharyya A, Mukherjee D, Gai F. Assessing the Effect of Hofmeister Anions on the Hydrogen-Bonding Strength of Water via Nitrile Stretching Frequency Shift. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11783-11792. [PMID: 33346656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the peak frequency (νmax) of the C≡N stretching vibrational spectrum of a hydrogen-bonded C≡N species is known to be a qualitative measure of its hydrogen-bonding strength. Herein, we show that within a two-state framework, this dependence can be analyzed in a more quantitative manner to yield the enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔHHB and ΔSHB) for the corresponding hydrogen-bonding interactions. Using this method, we examine the effect of ten common anions on the strength of the hydrogen-bond(s) formed between water and the C≡N group of an unnatural amino acid, p-cyanophenylalanine (PheCN). We find that based on the ΔHHB values, these anions can be arranged in the following order: HPO42- > OAc- > F- > SO42- ≈ Cl- ≈ (H2O) ≈ ClO4- ≈ NO3- > Br- > SCN- ≈ I-, which differs from the corresponding Hofmeister series. Because PheCN has a relatively small size, the finding that anions having very different charge densities (e.g., SO42- and ClO4-) act similarly suggests that this ranking order is likely the result of specific ion effects. Since proteins contain different backbone and side-chain units, our results highlight the need to assess their individual contributions toward the overall Hofmeister effect in order to achieve a microscopic understanding of how ions affect the physical and chemical properties of such macromolecules. In addition, the analytical method described in the present study is applicable for analyzing the spectral evolution of any vibrational spectra composed of two highly overlapping bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arusha Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Debopreeti Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Kalhor P, Li QZ, Zheng YZ, Yu ZW. Is the Fourier Transform Infrared Free-OH Band of t-Butanol Only from Free OHs? Case Studies on the Binary Systems of the Alcohol with CCl 4 and CHCl 3. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6177-6185. [PMID: 32623889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations were performed on tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) and its binary solutions with CCl4 and CHCl3. The study was focused on the free-OH stretching bands. Two resolution-enhancing methods, excess spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, were employed to examine the structural heterogeneity and search for the detailed contributors to the free-OH bands. Unexpectedly, CCl4 was found not to be an inert solvent and, similar to CHCl3, formed hydrogen/halogen bonds (H-/X-bond) with t-BuOH. It was observed that the free-OH band in the t-BuOH-CHCl3 system is larger and more red-shifted than that in the t-BuOH-CCl4 system, indicating the stronger intermolecular interactions in the former system. Furthermore, in the t-BuOH-CHCl3 system, the H-bonds are stronger than the X-bonds, while in the t-BuOH-CCl4 system, both interactions are similar in strength. To assign the free-OH bands, it was found that they are not only from the free OH of the t-BuOH monomer, but they are also contributed by the quasi-free OH with the oxygen bonded to H or Cl and even the weakly H-bonded OH of t-BuOH molecules. Finally, all the identified species increased simultaneously via cosolvent addition, suggestive of the destabilization of the highly associated t-BuOH clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kalhor
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Kalhor P, Zheng YZ, Ashraf H, Cao B, Yu ZW. Influence of Hydration on the Structure and Interactions of Ethaline Deep-Eutectic Solvent: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:995-1005. [PMID: 32232896 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) are regarded as alternative green solvents to ionic liquids. In this work we report the structural properties and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions of an aqueous DES system. The used DES, ethaline (ETH), is composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (EG) in 1 : 2 molar ratio. The investigations were carried out by FTIR spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. Excess spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) were used to explore the data in detail. The results showed that, upon mixing, ETH transforms to EG dimers and trimers and D2 O clusters transform to various ETH-D2 O complexes. Theoretical calculations show that water molecules insert between the anion and cation of ETH, break the strong doubly ionic Cl-… H-OCh+ H-bond, share charges of the ions and form H-bond with them, thus modulate the interaction properties of ETH. This study deepens our molecular-level understanding of the system and would shed light on its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kalhor
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hamad Ashraf
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bobo Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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16
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Huamán-Castilla NL, Mariotti-Celis MS, Martínez-Cifuentes M, Pérez-Correa JR. Glycerol as Alternative Co-Solvent for Water Extraction of Polyphenols from Carménère Pomace: Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Computational Chemistry Calculations. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E474. [PMID: 32244874 PMCID: PMC7175273 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is a co-solvent for water extraction that has been shown to be highly effective for obtaining polyphenol extracts under atmospheric conditions. However, its efficacy under subcritical conditions has not yet been studied. We assessed different water-glycerol mixtures (15%, 32.5%, and 50%) in a hot pressurized liquid extraction system (HPLE: 10 MPa) at 90 °C, 120 °C, and 150 °C to obtain extracts of low molecular weight polyphenols from Carménère grape pomace. Under the same extraction conditions, glycerol as a co-solvent achieved significantly higher yields in polyphenols than ethanol. Optimal extraction conditions were 150 °C, with 32.5% glycerol for flavonols and 50% for flavanols, stilbenes, and phenolic acids. Considering gallic acid as a model molecule, computational chemistry calculations were applied to explain some unusual extraction outcomes. Furthermore, glycerol, methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were studied to establish an incipient structure-property relationship. The high extraction yields of gallic acid obtained with water and glycerol solvent mixtures can be explained not only by the additional hydrogen bonds between glycerol and gallic acid as compared with the other alcohols, but also because the third hydroxyl group allows the formation of a three-centered hydrogen bond, which intensifies the strongest glycerol and gallic acid hydrogen bond. The above occurs both in neutral and deprotonated gallic acid. Consequently, glycerol confers to the extraction solvent a higher solvation energy of polyphenols than ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - María Salomé Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wang Y, He H, Yu Z. Excess spectroscopy and its applications in the study of solution chemistry. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Characterization of structural heterogeneity of liquid solutions and the pursuit of its nature have been challenging tasks to solution chemists. In the last decade, an emerging method called excess spectroscopy has found applications in this area. The method, combining the merits of molecular spectroscopy and excess thermodynamic functions, shows the ability to enhance the apparent resolution of spectra, provides abundant information concerning solution structures and intermolecular interactions. In this review, the thinking and mathematics of the method, as well as its developments, are presented first. Then, research progress related to the exploration of the method is thoroughly reviewed. The materials are classified into two parts, small-molecular solutions and ionic liquid solutions. Finally, potential challenges and the perspective for further development of the method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Hongyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
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18
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Busca G, Gervasini A. Solid acids, surface acidity and heterogeneous acid catalysis. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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