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Skogvold HB, Sand ES, Elgstøen KBP. Global Metabolomics Using LC-MS for Clinical Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2855:23-39. [PMID: 39354299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4116-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolomics can be used for a multitude of purposes, including monitoring of treatment effects and for increasing the knowledge of the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases. Global (commonly referred to as "untargeted") metabolomics is hypothesis-generating and provides the opportunity to discover new biomarkers. Being versatile and having a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the most common technique applied for metabolomics. We here present our global metabolomics LC-electrospray ionization-MS/MS method. The sample preparation procedures for plasma, serum, dried blood spots, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid are simple and nonspecific to reduce the risk of analyte loss. The method is based on reversed-phase chromatography using a diphenyl column. The high-resolution Q Exactive Orbitrap MS with data-dependent acquisition provides MS/MS spectra of a wide range of analytes. Our method covers a large part of the metabolome regarding hydrophobicity and compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Sandås Sand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Ghannoum M, Waters PJ, Hovda KE, Choquette G, Elgstøen KBP, Nygaard I, Rootwelt H, Hickey D, Yazdani M, Bourque DK. Can endogenous ethylene glycol production occur in humans? A detailed investigation of adult monozygotic twin sisters. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39327950 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2401076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To the best of our knowledge, clinically significant endogenous ethylene glycol production has never been reported in humans, very seldom reported in other animals or microorganisms, and then only under rare and specific conditions. We describe the detailed investigations we undertook in two adult monozygotic twin sisters to ascertain whether they were producing endogenous ethylene glycol. METHODS Two previously healthy monozygotic adult twin sisters presented with recurrent episodes of apparent ethylene glycol poisoning beginning at age 35, requiring chronic hemodialysis to remove ethylene glycol and its metabolites as well as to restore metabolic homeostasis. The sisters denied ingestion or exposure to ethylene glycol. At their request, they were admitted to hospital under strict supervision to exclude surreptitious ingestion of ethylene glycol and to evaluate the need for treatment. Hemodialysis was withheld during this prospective study. Twin A was admitted for 14 days and twin B for 11 days. Serial biochemical analyses were performed in blood and urine. Clinical exome sequencing and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing were also completed. RESULTS In both twins, ethylene glycol was detected in urine, along with intermittent increases in concentrations of lactate, glycolate, and glycine in blood and/or urine. Blood ethylene glycol concentrations, however, remained <62 mg/L (<1 mmol/L) but became positive soon after discharge. The oxalate concentration remained normal in blood and urine. Plasma and urine amino acid profiles showed intermittent small increases in glycine, serine, taurine, proline, and/or alanine concentrations. Exome sequencing and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing were non-diagnostic. Neither twin has been admitted with metabolic acidosis nor ethylene glycol poisoning since chronic hemodialysis was started. Twin A developed a calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis. DISCUSSION Mitochondrial disease, methylmalonic/propionic/isovaleric aciduria, primary hyperoxaluria, and analyte error were all excluded in these twins, as were obvious common environmental exposures. CONCLUSION Detailed investigations were performed in adult monozygotic twin sisters to ascertain whether they were producing endogenous ethylene glycol. Alternative explanations were excluded to the very best of our efforts and knowledge. Global metabolomics, gut microbiome analyses, and whole genome sequencing are pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ghannoum
- National Poisons Information Centre, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Bathurst hospital, Bathurst, NB, Canada
| | - Paula J Waters
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Sherbrooke Hospital Centre (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Poison Information Centre, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ilah Nygaard
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dean Hickey
- Department of Nephrology, Bathurst hospital, Bathurst, NB, Canada
| | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danielle K Bourque
- Division of Metabolics and Newborn Screening, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Yazzie MT, Reitz ZL, Schmid R, Petras D, Aron AT. Native metabolomics for mass spectrometry-based siderophore discovery. Methods Enzymol 2024; 702:317-352. [PMID: 39155117 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, plants, and animals alike have specialized acquisition pathways for obtaining metals, with microorganisms and plants biosynthesizing and secreting small molecule natural products called siderophores and metallophores with high affinities and specificities for iron or other non-iron metals, respectively. This chapter details a novel approach to discovering metal-binding molecules, including siderophores and metallophores, from complex samples ranging from microbial supernatants to biological tissue to environmental samples. This approach, called Native Metabolomics, is a mass spectrometry method in which pH adjustment and metal infusion post-liquid chromatography are interfaced with ion identity molecular networking (IIMN). This rule-based data analysis workflow that enables the identification of metal-binding species based on defined mass (m/z) offsets with the same chromatographic profiles and retention times. Ion identity molecular networking connects compounds that are structurally similar by their fragmentation pattern and species that are ion adducts of the same compound by chromatographic shape correlations. This approach has previously revealed new insights into metal binding metabolites, including that yersiniabactin can act as a biological zincophore (in addition to its known role as a siderophore), that the recently elucidated lepotchelin natural products are cyanobacterial metallophores, and that antioxidants in traditional medicine bind iron. Native metabolomics can be conducted on any liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system to explore the binding of any metal or multiple metals simultaneously, underscoring the potential for this method to become an essential strategy for elucidating biological metal-binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis T Yazzie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Zachary L Reitz
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Petras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States; Interfaculty of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.
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Gundersen M, Jensen P, Nilsen C, Yazdani M, Utheim Ø, Sandås EM, Rootwelt H, Gundersen KG, Elgstøen KBP. Method Development for Omics Analyses using Schirmer Strips. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:708-716. [PMID: 38567868 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2335271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this article was to investigate whether Schirmer strips gathered during clinical dry eye examinations can be prepared for omics analyses in a standardized way, to adjust for variations in tear volume and enable two separate omics analyses from the same sample. In addition, the intention was to investigate whether fluorescein dye instillation in the eyes gave bias effects on metabolomic analysis. METHODS Twelve samples from six individuals, with normal or reduced tear production, were collected. Half of the samples were harvested after instillation of fluorescein in the eye. Each strip was divided in half along the length and prepared with a new method for extracting tear content from the Schirmer strip. The new method was established to compensate for different dilutions of metabolites in varying Schirmer strip wetting levels when using identical extraction volume for all samples. Metabolomic data were compared in samples with and without fluorescein dye and Schirmer strips ranging from 1 to 35 mm wetting levels using a global LC-MS method. RESULTS All samples were successfully analyzed with an average of ∼350 relevant features detected per sample after using both positive and negative electrospray ionization mode, despite low tear volumes in some samples and that only one half of the Schirmer strips were used. Principal component analysis plots and heatmaps revealed no bias effects of fluorescein dye presence or different Schirmer strip values when using the proposed method. CONCLUSION A high number of relevant metabolomic features can be extracted from longitudinally cut halves of Schirmer strips, which may enable analyses with more than one omics modality from the same sample. With the pre-analytical method described, Schirmer strips can be used for metabolomic analyses even in cases of very low or high tear volume with or without fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Gundersen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Jensen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Nilsen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øygunn Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Eye Health (Øyehelseklinikken), Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Mørk Sandås
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Nicolaysen TV, Rørtveit R, Vassli AØ, Sand ES, Elgstøen KBP, Rootwelt H, Lund HS, Sævik BK, Zimmer KE. A longitudinal study of the blood and urine metabolome of Vipera berus envenomated dogs. Res Vet Sci 2024; 173:105287. [PMID: 38718545 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Envenomation of dogs by the common European adder (Vipera berus) is associated with high morbidity. The cytotoxic venom of Vipera berus contains enzymes with the potential to cause acute kidney injury, among other insults, however robust biomarkers for such effects are lacking. A prospective observational follow-up study of naturally envenomated dogs and controls was conducted to fill knowledge gaps regarding canine Vipera berus envenomation, attempt to identify novel biomarkers of envenomation and related kidney injury, and elucidate potential long-term effects. Blood and urine samples were analyzed with a global metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, uncovering numerous features significantly different between cases and controls. After data processing and feature annotation, eight features in blood and 24 features in urine were investigated in order to elucidate their biological relevance. Several of these are associated with AKI, while some may also originate from disturbed fatty acid β-oxidation and soft tissue damage. A metabolite found in both blood and a venom reference sample may represent identification of a venom component in case dogs. Our findings suggest that envenomated dogs treated according to current best practice are unlikely to suffer permanent injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove V Nicolaysen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 22, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Runa Rørtveit
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 22, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Anja Ø Vassli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise S Sand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja B P Elgstøen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi S Lund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 22, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Bente K Sævik
- AniCura Jeløy Dyresykehus, Varnaveien 43d, 1526 Moss, Norway
| | - Karin E Zimmer
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesens vei 22, 1433 Ås, Norway
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Rustad CF, Backe PH, Jin C, Merckoll E, Tveten K, Maciej‐Hulme ML, Karlsson N, Prescott T, Sand ES, Woldseth B, Elgstøen KBP, Holla ØL. A monoallelic UXS1 variant associated with short-limbed short stature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2472. [PMID: 38860481 PMCID: PMC11165340 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine residues in the protein backbone of heavily glycosylated proteoglycans are bound to glycosaminoglycans through a tetrasaccharide linker. UXS1 encodes UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase 1, which catalyzes synthesis of UDP-xylose, the donor of the first building block in the linker. Defects in other enzymes involved in formation of the tetrasaccharide linker cause so-called linkeropathies, characterized by short stature, radio-ulnar synostosis, decreased bone density, congenital contractures, dislocations, and more. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in a father and son who presented with a mild skeletal dysplasia, as well as the father's unaffected parents. Wild-type and mutant UXS1 were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Enzyme activity was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. In vivo effects were studied using HeparinRed assay and metabolomics. RESULTS The son had short long bones, normal epiphysis, and subtle metaphyseal changes especially in his legs. The likely pathogenic heterozygous variant NM_001253875.1(UXS1):c.557T>A p.(Ile186Asn) detected in the son was de novo in the father. Purified Ile186Asn-UXS1, in contrast to the wild-type, was not able to convert UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Plasma glycosaminoglycan levels were decreased in both son and father. CONCLUSION This is the first report linking UXS1 to short-limbed short stature in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Hoff Backe
- Department of MicrobiologyOslo University Hospital HF, RikshospitaletOsloNorway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Proteomics Core Facility at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | - Kristian Tveten
- Department of Medical GeneticsTelemark Hospital TrustSkienNorway
| | | | - Niclas Karlsson
- Department of Life Sciences and HealthOslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Trine Prescott
- Department of Medical GeneticsTelemark Hospital TrustSkienNorway
| | - Elise Sandås Sand
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Berit Woldseth
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | | | - Øystein L. Holla
- Department of Medical GeneticsTelemark Hospital TrustSkienNorway
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Moritz L, Schumann A, Pohl M, Köttgen A, Hannibal L, Spiekerkoetter U. A systematic review of metabolomic findings in adult and pediatric renal disease. Clin Biochem 2024; 123:110703. [PMID: 38097032 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 0.5 billion people worldwide across their lifetimes. Despite a growingly ageing world population, an increase in all-age prevalence of kidney disease persists. Adult-onset forms of kidney disease often result from lifestyle-modifiable metabolic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes. Pediatric and adolescent forms of renal disease are primarily caused by morphological abnormalities of the kidney, as well as immunological, infectious and inherited metabolic disorders. Alterations in energy metabolism are observed in CKD of varying causes, albeit the molecular mechanisms underlying pathology are unclear. A systematic indexing of metabolites identified in plasma and urine of patients with kidney disease alongside disease enrichment analysis uncovered inborn errors of metabolism as a framework that links features of adult and pediatric kidney disease. The relationship of genetics and metabolism in kidney disease could be classified into three distinct landscapes: (i) Normal genotypes that develop renal damage because of lifestyle and / or comorbidities; (ii) Heterozygous genetic variants and polymorphisms that result in unique metabotypes that may predispose to the development of kidney disease via synergistic heterozygosity, and (iii) Homozygous genetic variants that cause renal impairment by perturbing metabolism, as found in children with monogenic inborn errors of metabolism. Interest in the identification of early biomarkers of onset and progression of CKD has grown steadily in the last years, though it has not translated into clinical routine yet. This systematic review indexes findings of differential concentration of metabolites and energy pathway dysregulation in kidney disease and appraises their potential use as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Moritz
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Schumann
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Pohl
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Fineide FA, Tashbayev B, Elgstøen KBP, Sandås EM, Rootwelt H, Hynne H, Chen X, Ræder S, Vehof J, Dartt D, Jensen JL, Utheim TP. Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females. Metabolites 2023; 13:1125. [PMID: 37999221 PMCID: PMC10673540 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) is challenging, and even today there is no gold standard biomarker of DED. Hypothesis-free global metabolomic studies of tears from DED patients have great potential to discover metabolites and pathways affected in the pathophysiology of DED, and to identify possible future biomarkers. These metabolites and biomarkers could be important for diagnosing and monitoring disease as well as for new therapeutic targets and strategies. As DED is associated with dry mouth, this study aimed to perform metabolomic analyses of tears and saliva from patients with decreased tear film break-up time but normal Schirmer test, and age-matched controls with both tear production and stability within physiological range. We applied strict inclusion criteria to reduce sampling bias in the metabolomic analyses and selected only age-matched females with Schirmer test values between 10-15 mm/5 min. The tear film analysis arm included 19 patients (with tear film break-up time 0-5 s) and 12 controls (with tear film break-up time 10-30 s), while the salivary analysis arm consisted of a subset which included 18 patients and six controls. Metabolomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analyses using a global database search detected a total of 56 metabolites in tear samples that were significantly different between the groups. Of these, several have known associations with DED. These metabolites are present in meibum and have anti-oxidative characteristics or associations with the ocular microbiome, and altered concentrations suggest that they may play a significant role in DED associated with decreased tear film stability. In saliva, hypotaurine levels were lower among patients with tear film instability. In this pilot study, we found different levels of several metabolites in patients with decreased tear film break-up time that may have associations with DED. Future studies are required to replicate our findings and clarify the exact roles of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik A. Fineide
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Behzod Tashbayev
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elise M. Sandås
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Rootwelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Hynne
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Trust, 4838 Arendal, Norway
| | - Sten Ræder
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0366 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Darlene Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Xu Z, Wang X, Jiang J. Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Clinical Applications: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37910438 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2274039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an attractive analytical method in clinical analysis due to its comprehensive advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and high throughput. Separation techniques coupled MS detection (e.g., LC-MS/MS) have shown unique advantages over immunoassay and have developed as golden criterion for many clinical applications. This review summarizes the characteristics and applications of MS, and emphasizes the high efficiency of MS in clinical research. In addition, this review also put forward further prospects for the future of mass spectrometry technology, including the introduction of miniature MS instruments, point-of-care detection and high-throughput analysis, to achieve better development of MS technology in various fields of clinical application. Moreover, as ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) requires little or no sample pretreatment and improves the flux of MS, this review also summarizes its potential applications in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P. R. China
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Salihovic S, Lamichane S, Hyötyläinen T, Orešič M. Recent advances towards mass spectrometry-based clinical lipidomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102370. [PMID: 37473482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest methodological advancements and emerging patterns in utilizing lipidomics in clinical research.In this review, we assess the recent advancements in lipidomics methodologies that exhibit high levels of selectivity and sensitivity, capable of generating numerous molecular lipid species from limited quantities of biological matrices. The reviewed studies demonstrate that molecular lipid signatures offer new opportunities for precision medicine by providing sensitive diagnostic tools for disease prediction and monitoring. Moreover, the latest innovations in microsampling techniques have the potential to make a substantial contribution to clinical lipidomics. The review also shows that more work is needed to harmonize results across diverse lipidomics platforms and avoid significant errors in analysis and reporting. The increased implementation of internal standards and standard reference materials in analytical workflows will aid in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salihovic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Santosh Lamichane
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Salvador CL, Oppebøen M, Vassli AØ, Pfeiffer HCV, Varhaug KN, Elgstøen KBP, Yazdani M. Increased Sphingomyelin and Free Sialic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: New Findings Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:68-76. [PMID: 37018879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is caused by duplications and/or deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is typically diagnosed based on a classic triad of symptoms with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), retinitis pigmentosa, and onset before age 20 years. The present study aimed to diagnose two patients, on suspicion of KSS. METHODS One of the patients went through a diagnostic odyssey, with normal results from several mtDNA analyses, both in blood and muscle, before the diagnosis was confirmed genetically. RESULTS Two patients presented increased tau protein and low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Untargeted metabolomics on CSF samples also showed an increase in the levels of free sialic acid and sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), compared with four control groups (patients with mitochondrial disorders, nonmitochondrial disorders, low 5-MTHF, or increased tau proteins). CONCLUSIONS It is the first time that elevated sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0) and tau protein in KSS are reported. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach and standard laboratory methods, the study could shed new light on metabolism in KSS to better understand its complexity. In addition, the findings may suggest the combination of elevated free sialic acid, sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), and tau protein as well as low 5-MTHF as new biomarkers in the diagnostics of KSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Oppebøen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Østeby Vassli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristin Nielsen Varhaug
- The Mitochondrial Medicine and Neurogenetics (MMN) Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Global Metabolomics Discovers Two Novel Biomarkers in Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy Caused by ALDH7A1 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416061. [PMID: 36555701 PMCID: PMC9784804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare autosomal recessive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the ALDH7A1 gene (PDE-ALDH7A1), which mainly has its onset in neonates and infants. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe neurological sequelae or death. Sensitive, specific, and stable biomarkers for diagnostic evaluations and follow-up examinations are essential to optimize outcomes. However, most of the known biomarkers for PDE lack these criteria. Additionally, there is little discussion regarding the interdependence of biomarkers in the PDE-ALDH7A1 metabolite profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the underlying mechanisms in PDE-ALDH7A1 and to discover new biomarkers in the plasma of patients using global metabolomics. Plasma samples from 9 patients with genetically confirmed PDE-ALDH7A1 and 22 carefully selected control individuals were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Two novel and reliable pyridoxine-independent diagnostic markers, 6-hydroxy-2-aminocaproic acid (HACA) and an isomer of C9H11NO4, were identified. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism is proposed for HACA. This study demonstrates the capability of global metabolomics in disease screening to detect established and novel biomarkers.
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13
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Hertzog A, Selvanathan A, Devanapalli B, Ho G, Bhattacharya K, Tolun AA. A narrative review of metabolomics in the era of "-omics": integration into clinical practice for inborn errors of metabolism. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1704-1716. [PMID: 36345452 PMCID: PMC9636448 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Traditional targeted metabolomic investigations identify a pre-defined list of analytes in samples and have been widely used for decades in the diagnosis and monitoring of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). Recent technological advances have resulted in the development and maturation of untargeted metabolomics: a holistic, unbiased, analytical approach to detecting metabolic disturbances in human disease. We aim to provide a summary of untargeted metabolomics [focusing on tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS)] and its application in the field of IEMs. METHODS Data for this review was identified through a literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, and personal repositories of articles collected by the authors. Findings are presented within several sections describing the metabolome, the current use of targeted metabolomics in the diagnostic pathway of patients with IEMs, the more recent integration of untargeted metabolomics into clinical care, and the limitations of this newly employed analytical technique. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS Untargeted metabolomic investigations are increasingly utilized in screening for rare disorders, improving understanding of cellular and subcellular physiology, discovering novel biomarkers, monitoring therapy, and functionally validating genomic variants. Although the untargeted metabolomic approach has some limitations, this "next generation metabolic screening" platform is becoming increasingly affordable and accessible. CONCLUSIONS When used in conjunction with genomics and the other promising "-omic" technologies, untargeted metabolomics has the potential to revolutionize the diagnostics of IEMs (and other rare disorders), improving both clinical and health economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hertzog
- NSW Biochemical Genetics Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthavan Selvanathan
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Beena Devanapalli
- NSW Biochemical Genetics Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Gladys Ho
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adviye Ayper Tolun
- NSW Biochemical Genetics Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Saliva Metabolomics in Dry Mouth Patients with Head and Neck Cancer or Sjögren’s Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030323. [PMID: 35159133 PMCID: PMC8833893 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of dry mouth conditions is multi-faceted. Patients radiated after head and neck cancer (HNC) and those with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) share many of the same symptoms despite different causes. With the aim of better understanding the pathophysiology and biochemical processes behind dry mouth with different etiologies, we investigated the metabolic profile of 10 HNC patients, 9 pSS patients and 10 healthy controls using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed different metabolic profiles when comparing all subjects included in the study. Both patient groups showed higher ratios of several pyrimidine nucleotides and nucleosides when compared to controls. This finding may indicate that purinergic signaling plays a role in dry mouth conditions. Moreover, significantly increased levels of DL-3-aminoisobutyric acid were found in HNC patients when compared to controls, and a similar tendency was observed in the pSS patients. Furthermore, a dysregulation in amino acid metabolism was observed in both patient groups. In conclusion, metabolomics analysis showed separate metabolic profiles for HNC and pSS patients as compared to controls that could be useful in diagnostics and for elucidating the different pathophysiologies. The demonstrated dysregulation of pyrimidine nucleotides and levels of metabolites derived from amino acids in the patient groups should be studied further.
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