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Li A, Gao S, Li B, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Li K, Liu Y, Qin X. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of dietary fiber from grain bran and its regulation of gut microbiota and metabolite to prevent colitis. Food Chem 2024; 456:140043. [PMID: 38878544 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Grain bran dietary fiber (DF) has the effect of promoting intestinal health and is worth being studied. In the present study, the physicochemical properties and prevention effect of DF on ulcerative colitis (UC) were investigated. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were determined as α-amylase (350 U/g, 70 °C, pH 7.0, 2.5 h) and papain (100 U/g, 60 °C, pH 7.0, 1.5 h), resulting in a yield of 83.81% for DF. Moreover, DF exhibited unique physicochemical properties contributing to its preventive effects, as evidenced by its ability to mitigate symptoms such as hematochezia, immune inflammation, and impaired intestinal barrier in UC mice. The underlying mechanism can be attributed to the regulation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway and maintenance of intestinal microbial homeostasis. Therefore, our study suggests that grain bran DF holds potential for the prevention of UC, providing a basis for the development and utilization of grain bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030012, China.
| | - Shuxiao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ben Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuhe Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical sciences of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Wang Y, Li L, Zhang M, Feng R, Liu L. Optimization of the quantitative protocol for organic acid in fecal samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:116004. [PMID: 38309097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic acids (OAs) play important roles in a variety of intracellular metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis. The accurate detection of OAs in fecal samples was crucial for comprehending the metabolic changes associated with various metabolic disease. However, the analytical protocol detecting OAs profiling in feces have received scant attention. In this work, an optimized protocol based on chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of 23 OAs in rat feces was developed. The optimal conditions involved using a 40-mg fecal sample mixed with isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, and deionized water (3:2:2 vol ratio) with a total volume of 1500 μL, followed by ultrasonic extraction and a derivatization reaction with an 80 μL derivative agent. The protocol showed an acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9906), the satisfactory precision (RSD% ≤ 14.87%), the low limits of detection (0.001 to 1 μg/mL) and the limit of quantification (0.005 to 1.5 μg/mL). Moreover, the dried residues of the extracted solution showed the better stability of OAs at -20 °C, which was more suitable for a large-scale sample analysis. Finally, the developed protocol was successfully applied to compare the difference of OAs profiling in fecal samples harvested from normal and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats, which was beneficial to find out the metabolic change of OAs profiling and explain the related mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Fan S, Wohlgemuth G, Fiehn O. Denoising Autoencoder Normalization for Large-Scale Untargeted Metabolomics by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37623887 PMCID: PMC10456436 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale metabolomics assays are widely used in epidemiology for biomarker discovery and risk assessments. However, systematic errors introduced by instrumental signal drifting pose a big challenge in large-scale assays, especially for derivatization-based gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Here, we compare the results of different normalization methods for a study with more than 4000 human plasma samples involved in a type 2 diabetes cohort study, in addition to 413 pooled quality control (QC) samples, 413 commercial pooled plasma samples, and a set of 25 stable isotope-labeled internal standards used for every sample. Data acquisition was conducted across 1.2 years, including seven column changes. In total, 413 pooled QC (training) and 413 BioIVT samples (validation) were used for normalization comparisons. Surprisingly, neither internal standards nor sum-based normalizations yielded median precision of less than 30% across all 563 metabolite annotations. While the machine-learning-based SERRF algorithm gave 19% median precision based on the pooled quality control samples, external cross-validation with BioIVT plasma pools yielded a median 34% relative standard deviation (RSD). We developed a new method: systematic error reduction by denoising autoencoder (SERDA). SERDA lowered the median standard deviations of the training QC samples down to 16% RSD, yielding an overall error of 19% RSD when applied to the independent BioIVT validation QC samples. This is the largest study on GC-MS metabolomics ever reported, demonstrating that technical errors can be normalized and handled effectively for this assay. SERDA was further validated on two additional large-scale GC-MS-based human plasma metabolomics studies, confirming the superior performance of SERDA over SERRF or sum normalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.F.); (G.W.)
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Chen C, Gong W, Tian J, Gao X, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. Radix Paeoniae Alba attenuates Radix Bupleuri-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating gut microbiota to alleviate the inhibition of saikosaponins on glutathione synthetase. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:640-659. [PMID: 37440914 PMCID: PMC10334278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (RB) is commonly used to treat depression, but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after long-term use. In many anti-depression prescriptions, RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) as an herb pair. However, whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear. In this work, the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect, but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity. Notably, RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity. Afterward, the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed. The results showed that saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase (GSS) activity in the liver, and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RB-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity, thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to saikogenins in vivo. Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D, which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor, their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity. Based on this, RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosaponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wenxia Gong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junshen Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Tan L, Ouyang Z, Chen Z, Sun F, Guo H, Wang F, Mulder M, Sun Y, Lu X, Zhang JV, Danser AHJ, Verdonk K, Fan X, Yang Q. Adipokine chemerin overexpression in trophoblasts leads to dyslipidemia in pregnant mice: implications for preeclampsia. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:12. [PMID: 36698175 PMCID: PMC9875463 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipokine chemerin regulates adipogenesis and the metabolic function of both adipocytes and liver. Chemerin is elevated in preeclamptic women, and overexpression of chemerin in placental trophoblasts induces preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice. Preeclampsia is known to be accompanied by dyslipidemia, albeit via unknown mechanisms. Here, we hypothesized that chemerin might be a contributor to dyslipidemia. METHODS Serum lipid fractions as well as lipid-related genes and proteins were determined in pregnant mice with chemerin overexpression in placental trophoblasts and chemerin-overexpressing human trophoblasts. In addition, a phospholipidomics analysis was performed in chemerin-overexpressing trophoblasts. RESULTS Overexpression of chemerin in trophoblasts increased the circulating and placental levels of cholesterol rather than triglycerides. It also increased the serum levels of lysophosphatidic acid, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and induced placental lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, chemerin upregulated the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g, fatty acid-binding protein 4, adiponectin, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and 2, and the ratio of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 / total ERK1/2 in the placenta of mice and human trophoblasts. Furthermore, chemerin overexpression in human trophoblasts increased the production of lysophospholipids and phospholipids, particularly lysophosphatidylethanolamine. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of placental chemerin production disrupts trophoblast lipid metabolism, thereby potentially contributing to dyslipidemia in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zijun Ouyang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fen Sun
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haichun Guo
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, 518115, China
| | - Monique Mulder
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yuan Sun
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen Verdonk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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