Human Mitochondrial Protein HSPD1 Binds to and Regulates the Repair of Deoxyinosine in DNA

Comprehensive Analysis of m6A-Related Programmed Cell Death Genes Unveils a Novel Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) involves complex dysregulated cellular processes, including programmed cell death (PCD), influenced by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. This study integrates bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing data to identify 43 prognostically valuable m6A-related PCD genes, forming the basis of a 13-gene risk model (m6A-related PCD signature [mPCDS]) developed using machine-learning algorithms, including CoxBoost and SuperPC. The mPCDS demonstrated significant predictive performance across multiple validation datasets. In addition to its prognostic accuracy, mPCDS revealed distinct genomic profiles, pathway activations, associations with the tumour microenvironment and potential for predicting drug sensitivity. Experimental validation identified RCN1 as a potential oncogene driving LUAD progression and a promising therapeutic target. The mPCDS offers a new approach for LUAD risk stratification and personalised treatment strategies.

ICLAMP: a novel technique to explore adenosine deamination via inosine chemical labeling and affinity molecular purification

Recent developments in sequencing and bioinformatics have advanced our understanding of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing. Surprisingly, recent analyses have revealed the capability of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) to edit DNA:RNA hybrid strands. However, edited inosines in DNA remain largely unexplored. A precise biochemical method could help uncover these potentially rare DNA editing sites. We explore maleimide as a scaffold for inosine labeling. With fluorophore-conjugated maleimide, we were able to label inosine in RNA or DNA. Moreover, with biotin-conjugated maleimide, we purified RNA and DNA containing inosine. Our novel technique of inosine chemical labeling and affinity molecular purification offers substantial advantages and provides a versatile platform for further discovery of A-to-I editing sites in RNA and DNA.

Human RNA-binding protein HNRNPD interacts with and regulates the repair of deoxyribouridine in DNA

Deoxyribouridine (dU) is an abnormal nucleoside in DNA and plays vital roles in multiple biological and physiological processes. Here, we conducted a mass spectrometry-based screen for dU-binding proteins and found that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) could preferentially bind to dU-containing DNA. We also discovered that HNRNPD engages in the 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)-induced DNA damage response and can modulate the repair of dU in DNA in vitro and in human cells. Moreover, using a shuttle vector- and next-generation sequencing-based method, we unveiled the crucial role of HNRNPD in promoting the replicative bypass of dU in human cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that HNRNPD is a novel dU-bearing DNA-binding protein capable of regulating the removal of dU in DNA, and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of dU-associated diseases.

Protective impacts of mitochondria enhancers against thermal stress in poultry

Heat stress (HS) is still the essential environmental agent influencing the poultry industry. Research on HS in poultry has progressively acquired growing interest because of increased attention to climate alteration. Poultry can survive at certain zone of environmental temperatures, so it could be considered homoeothermic. In poultry, the normal body temperature is essential to enhance the internal environment for growth, which is achieved by normal environmental temperature. Recently, many studies have revealed that HS could cause mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers by inducing redox dysfunction, increasing uncoupling protein, boosting lipid and protein oxidation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, HS diminished the energy suppliers supported by mitochondria activity. A novel strategy for combating the negative influences of HS via boosting the mitochondria function through enrichment of the diets with mitochondria enhancers was also described in this review. Finally, the current review highlights the mitochondria dysfunction induced by HS in broilers and attempts to boost mitochondria functionality by enriching mitochondria enhancers to broiler diets.