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Wang XP, Yan D, Jin XP, Zhang WY, Shi T, Wang X, Song W, Xiong X, Guo D, Chen S. The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in acute ischemic stroke: From mechanism to application. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107313. [PMID: 39025169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most prevalent type of stroke, and due to its high incidence, disability rate, and mortality rate, it imposes a significant burden on the health care system. Amino acids constitute one of the most crucial metabolic products within the human body, and alterations in their metabolic pathways have been identified in the microenvironment of AIS, thereby influencing the pathogenesis, severity, and prognosis of AIS. The amino acid metabolism characteristics in AIS are complex. On one hand, the dynamic progression of AIS continuously reshapes the amino acid metabolism pattern. Conversely, changes in the amino acid metabolism pattern also exert a double-edged effect on AIS. This interaction is bidirectional, dynamic, heterogeneous, and dose-specific. Therefore, the distinctive metabolic reprogramming features surrounding amino acids during the AIS process are systematically summarized in this paper, aiming to provide potential investigative strategies for the early diagnosis, treatment approaches, and prognostic enhancement of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Wang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311202, China.
| | - Xia-Ping Jin
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Tao Shi
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Wenjuan Song
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Xing Xiong
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xiaoshan,The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Duancheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District,Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Huang XX, Li L, Jiang RH, Yu JB, Sun YQ, Shan J, Yang J, Ji J, Cheng SQ, Dong YF, Zhang XY, Shi HB, Liu S, Sun XL. Lipidomic analysis identifies long-chain acylcarnitine as a target for ischemic stroke. J Adv Res 2024; 61:133-149. [PMID: 37572732 PMCID: PMC11258661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid metabolism dysfunction is widely involved in the pathological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The coordination of lipid metabolism between neurons and astrocytes is of great significance. However, the full scope of lipid dynamic changes and the function of key lipids during AIS remain unknown. Hence, identifying lipid alterations and characterizing their key roles in AIS is of great importance. METHODS Untargeted and targeted lipidomic analyses were applied to profile lipid changes in the ischemic penumbra and peripheral blood of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice as well as the peripheral blood of AIS patients. Infarct volume and neurological deficits were assessed after tMCAO. The cell viability and dendritic complexity of primary neurons were evaluated by CCK8 assay and Sholl analysis. Seahorse, MitoTracker Green, tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSOX were used as markers of mitochondrial health. Fluorescent and isotopic free fatty acid (FFA) pulse-chase assays were used to track FFA flux in astrocytes. RESULTS Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) were the lipids with the most dramatic changes in the ischemic penumbra and peripheral blood of tMCAO mice. LCACs were significantly elevated on admission in AIS patients and associated with poor outcomes in AIS patients. Increasing LCACs through a bolus administration of palmitoylcarnitine amplified stroke injury, while decreasing LCACs by overexpressing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) ameliorated stroke injury. Palmitoylcarnitine aggravated astrocytic mitochondrial damage after OGD/R, while CPT2 overexpression in astrocytes ameliorated cocultured neuron viability. Further study revealed that astrocytes stimulated by OGD/R liberated FFAs from lipid droplets into mitochondria to form LCACs, resulting in mitochondrial damage and lowered astrocytic metabolic support and thereby aggravated neuronal damage. CONCLUSION LCACs could accumulate and damage neurons by inducing astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction in AIS. LCACs play a crucial role in the pathology of AIS and are novel promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run-Hao Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Bing Yu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Qi Cheng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Yue Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Wu M, Yang P, Wang J, Yang R, Chen Y, Liu K, Yuan Y, Zhang L. Characterization of the Components and Metabolites of Achyranthes Bidentata in the Plasma and Brain Tissue of Rats Based on Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS). Molecules 2024; 29:2840. [PMID: 38930905 PMCID: PMC11206857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achyranthes bidentata (AR) is a traditional Chinese herb used for the treatment of hypertension and cerebral ischemia, but its pharmacological effects are not known. AIM OF STUDY We aimed to detect and accurately identify the components and metabolites of AR in the plasma and brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS We employed ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) to detect AR components in the plasma and brain tissue of rats. The absorption and metabolites in the plasma and brain tissue of normal control rats and rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were characterized and compared. RESULTS A total of 281 compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanes, sugars and glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, amino acids, and peptides, was identified in samples of Achyranthes bidentata (TCM-AR). Four types of absorbable prototype components and 48 kinds of metabolites were identified in rats in the normal control plasma group which were given AR (AR plasma group), and five kinds of metabolites were identified in rats of the normal control brain tissue group which were given AR (AR brain group). Three absorbed prototype components and 13 metabolites were identified in the plasma of rats which underwent MCAO and were given AR (MCAO + AR plasma group). Six absorbed prototype components and two metabolites were identified in the brain tissue of rats who underwent MCAO and were administered AR (MCAO + AR brain group). These results showed that, after the oral administration of AR, the number of identified components in plasma was more than that in brain tissue. The number of prototype components in the AR plasma group was higher than that in the MCAO + AR plasma group, which may indicate that metabolite absorption in rats undergoing MCAO was worse. The number of prototype components in the MCAO + AR brain group was higher than that in the AR brain group, indicating that the blood-brain barrier was destroyed after MCAO, resulting in more compounds entering brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS UHPLC-HR-MS was used to rapidly analyze the components and metabolites of AR in the blood and brain of rats under normal and pathologic conditions, and to comprehensively characterize the components of TCM-AR. We also analyzed and compared the absorbable components and metabolites of normal rats under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to explore the potential mechanism of action. This method could be applied to various Chinese herbs and disease models, which could promote TCM modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Peilin Yang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianying Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Yingyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (M.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.Y.); (J.W.)
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Wang Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Xu H, Gao A, Li K, Rong Y, Gao S, Liang H, Zhang X. Exploring the causal association between genetically determined circulating metabolome and hemorrhagic stroke. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1376889. [PMID: 38812939 PMCID: PMC11133746 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1376889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic stroke (HS), a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, has not been clarified in terms of the underlying biomolecular mechanisms of its development. Circulating metabolites have been closely associated with HS in recent years. Therefore, we explored the causal association between circulating metabolomes and HS using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and identified the molecular mechanisms of effects. Methods We assessed the causal relationship between circulating serum metabolites (CSMs) and HS using a bidirectional two-sample MR method supplemented with five ways: weighted median, MR Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR-PRESSO. The Cochran Q-test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO served for the sensitivity analyses. The Steiger test and reverse MR were used to estimate reverse causality. Metabolic pathway analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0, and genetic effects were assessed by linkage disequilibrium score regression. Significant metabolites were further synthesized using meta-analysis, and we used multivariate MR to correct for common confounders. Results We finally recognized four metabolites, biliverdin (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96, PMVMR = 0.030), linoleate (18. 2n6) (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.54, PMVMR = 0.001),1-eicosadienoylglycerophosphocholine* (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.02-4.76, PMVMR = 0.044),7-alpha-hydroxy-3 -oxo-4-cholestenoate (7-Hoca) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.77, PMVMR = 0.015) with significant causal relation to HS. Conclusion We demonstrated significant causal associations between circulating serum metabolites and hemorrhagic stroke. Monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke by serum metabolites might be a valuable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hangjia Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aili Gao
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kuo Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiwei Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongsheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Pochini L, Galluccio M, Console L, Scalise M, Eberini I, Indiveri C. Inflammation and Organic Cation Transporters Novel (OCTNs). Biomolecules 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38672410 PMCID: PMC11048549 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological condition characterized by a complex interplay between different cells handled by metabolites and specific inflammatory-related molecules. In some pathological situations, inflammation persists underlying and worsening the pathological state. Over the years, two membrane transporters namely OCTN1 (SLC22A4) and OCTN2 (SLC22A5) have been shown to play specific roles in inflammation. These transporters form the OCTN subfamily within the larger SLC22 family. The link between these proteins and inflammation has been proposed based on their link to some chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, the two transporters show the ability to mediate the transport of several compounds including carnitine, carnitine derivatives, acetylcholine, ergothioneine, and gut microbiota by-products, which have been specifically associated with inflammation for their anti- or proinflammatory action. Therefore, the absorption and distribution of these molecules rely on the presence of OCTN1 and OCTN2, whose expression is modulated by inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors typically activated by inflammation. In the present review, we wish to provide a state of the art on OCTN1 and OCTN2 transport function and regulation in relationships with inflammation and inflammatory diseases focusing on the metabolic signature collected in different body districts and gene polymorphisms related to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Lara Console
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.G.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Yadav S, Kumar A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Singh G, Khan AR, Chaurasia RN, Kumar D. NMR based Serum metabolomics revealed metabolic signatures associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in brain stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:283-294. [PMID: 38095788 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Brain stroke (BS, also known as a cerebrovascular accident), represents a serious global health crisis. It has been a leading cause of permanent disability and unfortunately, frequent fatalities due to lack of timely medical intervention. While progress has been made in prevention and management, the complexities and consequences of stroke continue to pose significant challenges, especially, its impact on patient's quality of life and independence. During stroke, there is a substantial decrease in oxygen supply to the brain leading to alteration of cellular metabolic pathways, including those involved in mitochondrial-damage, leading to mitochondrial-dysfunction. The present proof-of-the-concept metabolomics study has been performed to gain insights into the metabolic pathways altered following a brain stroke and discover new potential targets for timely interventions to mitigate the effects of cellular and mitochondrial damage in BS. The serum metabolic profiles of 108 BS-patients were measured using 800 MHz NMR spectroscopy and compared with 60 age and sex matched normal control (NC) subjects. Compared to NC, the serum levels of glutamate, TCA-cycle intermediates (such as citrate, succinate, etc.), and membrane metabolites (betaine, choline, etc.) were found to be decreased BS patients, whereas those of methionine, mannose, mannitol, phenylalanine, urea, creatine and organic acids (such as 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone) were found to be elevated in BS patients. These metabolic changes hinted towards hypoxia mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in BS-patients. Further, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) values for five metabolic features (methionine, mannitol, phenylalanine, mannose and urea) found to be more than 0.9 suggesting their high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating BS from NC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Abhai Kumar
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Zoology, Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zeng J, Zhang R, Zhao T, Wang H, Han L, Pu L, Jiang Y, Xu S, Ren H, Wang C. Plasma lipidomic profiling reveals six candidate biomarkers for the prediction of incident stroke in patients with hypertension. Metabolomics 2024; 20:13. [PMID: 38180633 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of stroke in patients with hypertension is very high, and its prediction is critical. OBJECTIVES We aimed to use plasma lipidomics profiling to identify lipid biomarkers for predicting incident stroke in patients with hypertension. METHODS This was a nested case-control study. Baseline plasma samples were collected from 30 hypertensive patients with newly developed stroke, 30 matched patients with hypertension, 30 matched patients at high risk of stroke, and 30 matched healthy controls. Lipidomics analysis was performed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and differential lipid metabolites were screened using multivariate and univariate statistical methods. Machine learning methods (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest) were used to identify candidate biomarkers for predicting stroke in patients with hypertension. RESULTS Co-expression network analysis revealed that the key molecular alterations of the lipid network in stroke implicate glycerophospholipid metabolism and choline metabolism. Six lipid metabolites were identified as candidate biomarkers by multivariate statistical and machine learning methods, namely phosphatidyl choline(40:3p)(rep), cholesteryl ester(20:5), monoglyceride(29:5), triglyceride(18:0p/18:1/18:1), triglyceride(18:1/18:2/21:0) and coenzyme(q9). The combination of these six lipid biomarkers exhibited good diagnostic and predictive ability, as it could indicate a risk of stroke at an early stage in patients with hypertension (area under the curve = 0.870; 95% confidence interval: 0.783-0.957). CONCLUSIONS We determined lipidomic signatures associated with future stroke development and identified new lipid biomarkers for predicting stroke in patients with hypertension. The biomarkers have translational potential and thus may serve as blood-based biomarkers for predicting hypertensive stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Huiming Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Wu J, Deng S, Yu X, Wu Y, Hua X, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Identify production area, growth mode, species, and grade of Astragali Radix using metabolomics "big data" and machine learning. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155201. [PMID: 37976693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragali Radix (AR) is a widely used herbal medicine. The quality of AR is influenced by several key factors, including the production area, growth mode, species, and grade. However, the markers currently used to distinguish these factors primarily focus on secondary metabolites, and their validation on large-scale samples is lacking. PURPOSE This study aims to discover reliable markers and develop classification models for identifying the production area, growth mode, species, and grade of AR. METHODS A total of 366 batches of AR crude slices were collected from six provinces in China and divided into learning (n = 191) and validation (n = 175) sets. Three ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods were developed and validated for determining 22 primary and 10 secondary metabolites in AR methanol extract. Based on the quantification data, seven machine learning algorithms, such as Nearest Neighbors and Gradient Boosted Trees, were applied to screen the potential markers and build the classification models for identifying the four factors associated with AR quality. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that secondary metabolites (e.g., astragaloside IV, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ononin) played a crucial role in evaluating AR quality, particularly in identifying the production area and species. Additionally, fatty acids (e.g., behenic acid and lignoceric acid) were vital in determining the growth mode of AR, while amino acids (e.g., alanine and phenylalanine) were helpful in distinguishing different grades. With both primary and secondary metabolites, the Nearest Neighbors algorithm-based model was constructed for identifying each factor of AR, achieving good classification accuracy (>70%) on the validation set. Furthermore, a panel of four metabolites including ononin, astragaloside II, pentadecanoic acid, and alanine, allowed for simultaneous identification of all four factors of AR, offering an accuracy of 86.9%. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of integrating large-scale targeted metabolomics and machine learning approaches to accurately identify the quality-associated factors of AR. This study opens up possibilities for enhancing the evaluation of other herbal medicines through similar methodologies, and further exploration in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaoqian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hua
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Testing, Wuxi Center for Drug Safety Control, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Baranovicova E, Kalenska D, Kaplan P, Kovalska M, Tatarkova Z, Lehotsky J. Blood and Brain Metabolites after Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17302. [PMID: 38139131 PMCID: PMC10743907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of an organism's response to cerebral ischemia at different levels is essential to understanding the mechanism of the injury and protection. A great interest is devoted to finding the links between quantitative metabolic changes and post-ischemic damage. This work aims to summarize the outcomes of the most studied metabolites in brain tissue-lactate, glutamine, GABA (4-aminobutyric acid), glutamate, and NAA (N-acetyl aspartate)-regarding their biological function in physiological conditions and their role after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We focused on ischemic damage and post-ischemic recovery in both experimental-including our results-as well as clinical studies. We discuss the role of blood glucose in view of the diverse impact of hyperglycemia, whether experimentally induced, caused by insulin resistance, or developed as a stress response to the cerebral ischemic event. Additionally, based on our and other studies, we analyze and critically discuss post-ischemic alterations in energy metabolites and the elevation of blood ketone bodies observed in the studies on rodents. To complete the schema, we discuss alterations in blood plasma circulating amino acids after cerebral ischemia. So far, no fundamental brain or blood metabolite(s) has been recognized as a relevant biological marker with the feasibility to determine the post-ischemic outcome or extent of ischemic damage. However, studies from our group on rats subjected to protective ischemic preconditioning showed that these animals did not develop post-ischemic hyperglycemia and manifested a decreased metabolic infringement and faster metabolomic recovery. The metabolomic approach is an additional tool for understanding damaging and/or restorative processes within the affected brain region reflected in the blood to uncover the response of the whole organism via interorgan metabolic communications to the stressful cerebral ischemic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia (Z.T.)
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Shan D, Xu D, Hu S, Qi P, Lu J, Wang D. LC-MS/MS based metabolomic analysis of serum from patients with cerebrovascular stenosis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115608. [PMID: 37527609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular stenosis (CVS) is the main cause of ischemic stroke, which greatly threatens human life. Hence, it's important to perform early screenings for CVS. Metabolomics is an emerging omics approach that has great advantages in disease screening and diagnosis. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the correlation between CVS and metabolomics, which can aid in conducting CVS screening at an early stage. Patients with CVS in Beijing Hospital were included in the study. A total of 36 participants, including 18 patients diagnosed with CVS and 18 healthy individuals, were recruited at Beijing Hospital between May 2022 and October 2021. The serum samples were analyzed for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Then, multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed. Differential metabolites were obtained and demonstrated by volcano plot and heatmap. The study recruited 36 participants, including 18 patients with CVS and 18 healthy participants. A total of 150 metabolites were identified. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences between patients and healthy participants. Furthermore, 30 serum metabolites levels differed significantly between two groups. Differential metabolites were enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; primary bile acid biosynthesis, and other pathways. This study identified differential metabolites in patients with CVS and elucidated the relevant metabolic pathways. Thus, these findings aid in the study of the pathogenesis of CVS and its early diagnosis. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dingkang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Li W, Shao C, Li C, Zhou H, Yu L, Yang J, Wan H, He Y. Metabolomics: A useful tool for ischemic stroke research. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:968-983. [PMID: 37842657 PMCID: PMC10568109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease. Despite years of studies, effective strategies for the diagnosis, management and treatment of stroke are still lacking in clinical practice. Metabolomics is a growing field in systems biology. It is starting to show promise in the identification of biomarkers and in the use of pharmacometabolomics to help patients with certain disorders choose their course of treatment. The development of metabolomics has enabled further and more biological applications. Particularly, metabolomics is increasingly being used to diagnose diseases, discover new drug targets, elucidate mechanisms, and monitor therapeutic outcomes and its potential effect on precision medicine. In this review, we reviewed some recent advances in the study of metabolomics as well as how metabolomics might be used to identify novel biomarkers and understand the mechanisms of IS. Then, the use of metabolomics approaches to investigate the molecular processes and active ingredients of Chinese herbal formulations with anti-IS capabilities is summarized. We finally summarized recent developments in single cell metabolomics for exploring the metabolic profiles of single cells. Although the field is relatively young, the development of single cell metabolomics promises to provide a powerful tool for unraveling the pathogenesis of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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Purroy F, Ois A, Jove M, Arque G, Sol J, Mauri-Capdevila G, Rodriguez-Campello A, Pamplona R, Portero M, Roquer J. Lipidomic signature of stroke recurrence after transient ischemic attack. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13706. [PMID: 37607967 PMCID: PMC10444771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While TIA patients have transient symptoms, they should not be underestimated, as they could have an underlying pathology that may lead to a subsequent stroke: stroke recurrence (SR). Previously, it has been described the involvement of lipids in different vascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a lipidomic analysis to identify differences in the lipidomic profile between patients with SR and patients without. Untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed in plasma samples of 460 consecutive TIA patients recruited < 24 h after the onset of symptoms. 37 (8%) patients suffered SR at 90 days. Lipidomic profiling disclosed 7 lipid species differentially expressed between groups: 5 triacylglycerides (TG), 1 diacylglyceride (DG), and 1 alkenyl-PE (plasmalogen) [specifically, TG(56:1), TG(63:0), TG(58:2), TG(50:5), TG(53:7, DG(38:5)) and PE(P-18:0/18:2)]. 6 of these 7 lipid species belonged to the glycerolipid family and a plasmalogen, pointing to bioenergetics pathways, as well as oxidative stress response. In this context, it was proposed the PE(P-18:0/18:2) as potential biomarker of SR condition.The observed changes in lipid patterns suggest pathophysiological mechanisms associated with lipid droplets metabolism and antioxidant protection that is translated to plasma level as consequence of a more intensive or high-risk ischemic condition related to SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Purroy
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain.
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Avda Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - A Ois
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Neurovascular Research Unit Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jove
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - G Arque
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Sol
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Atenció Primària, Lleida, Spain
- Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Lleida, Spain
| | - G Mauri-Capdevila
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Universitat de Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Avda Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Campello
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Neurovascular Research Unit Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Pamplona
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Portero
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Roquer
- Department of Neurology, Neurology Neurovascular Research Unit Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Huang D, Yang Y, Song W, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Lin Z, Ke X. Untargeted metabonomic analysis of a cerebral stroke model in rats: a study based on UPLC-MS/MS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1084813. [PMID: 37614341 PMCID: PMC10442664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1084813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain tissue damage caused by ischemic stroke can trigger changes in the body's metabolic response, and understanding the changes in the metabolic response of the gut after stroke can contribute to research on poststroke brain function recovery. Despite the increase in international research on poststroke metabolic mechanisms and the availability of powerful research tools in recent years, there is still an urgent need for poststroke metabolic studies. Metabolomic examination of feces from a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model can provide new insights into poststroke metabolism and identify key metabolic pathways, which will help reveal diagnostic and therapeutic targets as well as inspire pathophysiological studies after stroke. Methods We randomly divided 16 healthy adult pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into the normal group and the study group, which received middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCMS/MS) was used to determine the identities and concentrations of metabolites across all groups, and filtered high-quality data were analyzed for differential screening and differential metabolite functional analysis. Results After 1 and 14 days of modeling, compared to the normal group, rats in the study group showed significant neurological deficits (p < 0.001) and significantly increased infarct volume (day 1: p < 0.001; day 14: p = 0.001). Mass spectra identified 1,044 and 635 differential metabolites in rat feces in positive and negative ion modes, respectively, which differed significantly between the normal and study groups. The metabolites with increased levels identified in the study group were involved in tryptophan metabolism (p = 0.036678, p < 0.05), arachidonic acid metabolism (p = 0.15695), cysteine and methionine metabolism (p = 0.24705), and pyrimidine metabolism (p = 0.3413), whereas the metabolites with decreased levels were involved in arginine and proline metabolism (p = 0.15695) and starch and sucrose metabolism (p = 0.52256). Discussion We determined that UPLC-MS/MS could be employed for untargeted metabolomics research. Moreover, tryptophan metabolic pathways may have been disordered in the study group. Alterations in the tryptophan metabolome may provide additional theoretical and data support for elucidating stroke pathogenesis and selecting pathways for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Diseases, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Second Rehabilitation Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Diseases, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Dieu X, Tamareille S, Herbreteau A, Lebeau L, Chao De La Barca JM, Chabrun F, Reynier P, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Prunier F. Combined Metabolipidomic and Machine Learning Approach in a Rat Model of Stroke Reveals a Deleterious Impact of Brain Injury on Heart Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12000. [PMID: 37569376 PMCID: PMC10418865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac complications are frequently found following a stroke in humans whose pathophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood. We used machine learning to analyse a large set of data from a metabolipidomic study assaying 630 metabolites in a rat stroke model to investigate metabolic changes affecting the heart within 72 h after a stroke. Twelve rats undergoing a stroke and 28 rats undergoing the sham procedure were investigated. A plasmatic signature consistent with the literature with notable lipid metabolism remodelling was identified. The post-stroke heart showed a discriminant metabolic signature, in comparison to the sham controls, involving increased collagen turnover, increased arginase activity with decreased nitric oxide synthase activity as well as an altered amino acid metabolism (including serine, asparagine, lysine and glycine). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that brain injury induces a metabolic remodelling in the heart potentially involved in the pathophysiology of stroke heart syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dieu
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Sophie Tamareille
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Aglae Herbreteau
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Lucie Lebeau
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Juan Manuel Chao De La Barca
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Floris Chabrun
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS, INSERM, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (S.T.); (A.H.); (L.L.); (J.M.C.D.L.B.); (F.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
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15
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Yu Y, Wen X, Lin JG, Liu J, Liang HF, Lin SW, Xu QG, Li JC. Identification of three potential novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke via plasma lipidomics. Metabolomics 2023; 19:32. [PMID: 36997715 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounts for the majority of all stroke, globally the second leading cause of death. Due to its rapid development after onset, its early diagnosis is crucial. OBJECTIVES We aim to identify potential highly reliable blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of AIS using quantitative plasma lipid profiling via a machine learning approach. METHODS Lipidomics was used for quantitative plasma lipid profiling, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Our samples were divided into a discovery and a validation set, each containing 30 AIS patients and 30 health controls (HC). Differentially expressed lipid metabolites were screened based on the criteria VIP > 1, p < 0.05, and fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest algorithms in machine learning were used to select differential lipid metabolites as potential biomarkers. RESULTS Three key differential lipid metabolites, CarnitineC10:1, CarnitineC10:1-OH and Cer(d18:0/16:0), were identified as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AIS. The former two, associated with thermogenesis, were down-regulated, whereas the latter, associated with necroptosis and sphingolipd metabolism, was upregulated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions showed that these three lipid metabolites and the resulting diagnostic model exhibited a strong ability in discriminating between AIS patients and HCs in both the discovery and validation sets, with an area under the curve above 0.9. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides valuable information on the pathophysiology of AIS and constitutes an important step toward clinical application of blood-based biomarkers for diagnosing AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Center for Analyses and Measurements, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Wen
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Guang Lin
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Feng Liang
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan-Wen Lin
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Gui Xu
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China.
- The Central Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Wu F, Lai S, Fu D, Liu J, Wang C, Feng H, Liu J, Li Z, Li P. Neuroprotective Effects and Metabolomics Study of Protopanaxatriol (PPT) on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021789. [PMID: 36675303 PMCID: PMC9861888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, is a severe neurological disease that threatens human life. Protopanaxatriol (PPT), panaxatriol-type saponin aglycone, is a rare saponin that exists in Panax ginseng and Panax Noto-ginseng. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-PC12 cell model and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of PPT in vitro and in vivo. In addition, metabolomics analysis was performed on rat plasma and brain tissue samples to find relevant biomarkers and metabolic pathways. The results showed that PPT could significantly regulate the levels of LDH, MDA, SOD, TNF-α and IL-6 factors in OGD-PC12 cells in vitro. PPT can reduce the neurological deficit score and infarct volume of brain tissue in rats, restore the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, reduce pathological damage, and regulate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, and SOD factors. In addition, the results of metabolomics found that PPT can regulate 19 biomarkers involving five metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Thus, it could be inferred that PPT might serve as a novel natural agent for MCAO/R treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sihan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dongxing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juntong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Feng
- College of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (P.L.)
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (P.L.)
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17
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Licari C, Tenori L, Di Cesare F, Luchinat C, Giusti B, Kura A, De Cario R, Inzitari D, Piccardi B, Nesi M, Sarti C, Arba F, Palumbo V, Nencini P, Marcucci R, Gori AM, Sticchi E. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics to Predict Early and Late Adverse Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:16-25. [PMID: 36469426 PMCID: PMC9830637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic perturbations and inflammatory mediators play a fundamental role in both early and late adverse post-acute ischemic stroke outcomes. Using data from the observational MAGIC (MArker bioloGici nell'Ictus Cerebrale) study, we evaluated the effect of 130 serum metabolic features, using a nuclear magnetic spectroscopy approach, on the following outcomes: hemorrhagic transformation at 24 h after stroke, non-response to intravenous thrombolytic treatment with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), and the 3 month functional outcome. Blood circulating metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers were assessed at the baseline and 24 h after rt-PA treatment. Adjusting for the major determinants for unfavorable outcomes (i.e., age, sex, time onset-to-treatment, etc.), we found that acetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate were associated with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation and with non-response to rt-PA; while 24 h after rt-PA, levels of triglycerides high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were associated with 3 month mortality. Cholesterol and phospholipids levels, mainly related to smaller and denser very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL subfractions were associated with 3 month poor functional outcomes. We also reported associations between baseline 24 h relative variation (Δ) in VLDL subfractions and ΔC-reactive protein, Δinterleukin-10 levels with hemorrhagic transformation. All observed metabolic changes reflect a general condition of energy failure, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation that characterize the development of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Licari
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy,CIRMMP, Via Luigi Sacconi
6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy,Excellence
Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development
of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University
of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Ada Kura
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rosina De Cario
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Stroke
Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy,Institute
of Neuroscience, Italian National Research
Council (CNR), Via Madonna
del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | | | - Mascia Nesi
- Stroke
Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Cristina Sarti
- NEUROFARBA
Department, Neuroscience Section, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesco Arba
- Department
of Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palumbo
- Stroke
Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy,Excellence
Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development
of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University
of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,Atherothrombotic
Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy,Excellence
Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development
of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University
of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Elena Sticchi
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University
of Florence, Largo Brambilla
3, Florence 50134, Italy,
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18
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Tao S, Xiao X, Li X, Na F, Na G, Wang S, Zhang P, Hao F, Zhao P, Guo D, Liu X, Yang D. Targeted metabolomics reveals serum changes of amino acids in mild to moderate ischemic stroke and stroke mimics. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1153193. [PMID: 37122289 PMCID: PMC10140586 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1153193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiological processes linked to an acute ischemic stroke (IS) can be reflected in the circulating metabolome. Amino acids (AAs) have been demonstrated to be one of the most significant metabolites that can undergo significant alteration after a stroke. Methods We sought to identify the potential biomarkers for the early detection of IS using an extensive targeted technique for reliable quantification of 27 different AAs based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A cohort with 216 participants was enrolled, including 70 mild to moderate ischemic stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale < 15, MB group), 76 stroke mimics (MM group) and 70 healthy controls (NC group). Results It was found that upon comparing MB and MM to control patients, AAs shifts were detected via partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and pathway analysis. Interestingly, MB and MM exhibited similar AAs pattern. Moreover, ornithine, asparagine, valine, citrulline, and cysteine were identified for inclusion in a biomarker panel for early-stage stroke detection based upon an AUC of 0.968 (95% CI 0.924-0.998). Levels of ornithine were positively associated with infract volume, 3 months mRS score, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in MB. In addition, a metabolites biomarker panel, including ornithine, taurine, phenylalanine, citrulline, cysteine, yielded an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI 0.966-1) which can be employed to effectively discriminate MM patients from control. Conclusion Overall, alternations in serum AAs are characteristic metabolic features of MB and MM. AAs could serve as promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of MB patients since mild to moderate IS patients were enrolled in the study. The metabolism of AAs can be considered as a key indicator for both the prevention and treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Tao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Na
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guo Na
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Hao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Peiran Zhao
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Xuewu Liu,
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei Yang,
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19
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Sol J, Colàs-Campàs L, Mauri-Capdevila G, Molina-Seguin J, Galo-Licona JD, Torres-Querol C, Aymerich N, Ois Á, Roquer J, Tur S, García-Carreira MDC, Martí-Fàbregas J, Cruz-Culebras A, Segura T, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M, Arqué G, Jové M, Purroy F. Ischemia preconditioning induces an adaptive response that defines a circulating metabolomic signature in ischemic stroke patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2201-2215. [PMID: 35869638 PMCID: PMC9670009 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221116288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) before an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) could induce ischemic tolerance (IT) phenomena. with an endogenous neuroprotective role (Ischemic preconditioning. IPC). A consecutive prospective cohort of patients with AIS were recruited from 8 different hospitals. Participants were classified by those with non-previous recent TIA vs. previous TIA (within seven days. TIA ≤7d). A total of 541 AIS patients were recruited. 40 (7.4%). of them had previous TIA ≤7d. In line with IPC. patients with TIA ≤7d showed: 1) a significantly less severe stroke at admission by NIHSS score. 2) a better outcome at 7-90 days follow-up and reduced infarct volumes. 3) a specific upregulated metabolomics/lipidomic profile composed of diverse lipid categories. Effectively. IPC activates an additional adaptive response on increasing circulation levels of structural and bioactive lipids to facilitate functional recovery after AIS which may support biochemical machinery for neuronal survival. Furthermore. previous TIA before AIS seems to facilitate the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that contribute to a better immune response. Thus. the IT phenomena contributes to a better adaptation of further ischemia. Our study provides first-time evidence of a metabolomics/lipidomic signature related to the development of stroke tolerance in AIS patients induced by recent TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Sol
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.,Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Atenció Primària, Lleida, Spain.,Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Colàs-Campàs
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gerard Mauri-Capdevila
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain.,Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jessica Molina-Seguin
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Daniel Galo-Licona
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Coral Torres-Querol
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Tur
- Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Tomás Segura
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manel Portero-Otín
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Gloria Arqué
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Experimental Medicine Department, Lleida University-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Purroy
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, UdL, Lleida, Spain.,Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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20
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Dylla L, Higgins HM, Piper C, Poisson SN, Herson PS, Monte AA. Sex as a biological variable in determining the metabolic changes influencing acute ischemic stroke outcomes-Where is the data: A systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1026431. [PMID: 36504643 PMCID: PMC9729945 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1026431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Women continue to face a greater lifetime morbidity and mortality from stroke and have been shown to respond differently to stroke treatments compared to men. Since 2016, updated National Institutes of Health (NIH) policies require research studies to consider sex as a biological variable. However, the way in which this policy affects study design, analysis, and reporting is variable, with few studies performing and reporting a subgroup analysis based on biological sex. In acute ischemic stroke, the underlying biological explanation for sex-based differences in patient outcomes and response to treatments remains understudied. We performed a systematic review of preclinical and clinical research studies that explored sex differences in the metabolic response to acute ischemic stroke as it relates to neurological outcomes. Through a literature search in Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, 1,004 potential references were identified for screening. After abstract and full-text review, we identified only two studies which assessed metabolic response to acute ischemic stroke (within 72 h of last known well) and neurological outcome [Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) or an equivalent in preclinical models] and reported results based on biological sex. One article was a preclinical rat model and the other a clinical cohort study. In both studies, metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, fat metabolism, or oxidative stress were identified. We review these results and link to additional articles that use metabolomics to identify metabolites differentially expressed by sex or regulated based on stroke outcomes, but not both. The results of this systematic review should not only help identify targets in need of further investigation to improve the understanding of sex differences in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke, but also highlight the critical need to expand the incorporation of sex as a biological variable in acute stroke research beyond simply including both sexes and reporting the proportion of males/females in each population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layne Dylla
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hannah M. Higgins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christi Piper
- Strauss Health Sciences Library, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sharon N. Poisson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Paco S. Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew A. Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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21
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Li W, Shao C, Zhou H, Du H, Chen H, Wan H, He Y. Multi-omics research strategies in ischemic stroke: A multidimensional perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101730. [PMID: 36087702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disorder with high rate of death and long-term impairment. Despite years of studies, there are still no stroke biomarkers for clinical practice, and the molecular mechanisms of stroke remain largely unclear. The high-throughput omics approach provides new avenues for discovering biomarkers of IS and explaining its pathological mechanisms. However, single-omics approaches only provide a limited understanding of the biological pathways of diseases. The integration of multiple omics data means the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites, revealing networks of interactions between multiple molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics approaches will provide helpful insights into stroke pathogenesis, therapeutic target identification and biomarker discovery. Here, we consider advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and outline their use in discovering the biomarkers and pathological mechanisms of IS. We then delineate strategies for achieving integration at the multi-omics level and discuss how integrative omics and systems biology can contribute to our understanding and management of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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22
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Zhang R, Meng J, Wang X, Pu L, Zhao T, Huang Y, Han L. Metabolomics of ischemic stroke: insights into risk prediction and mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2163-2180. [PMID: 35612695 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most prevalent type of stroke. The early diagnosis and prognosis of IS are crucial for successful therapy and early intervention. Metabolomics, a tool in systems biology based on several innovative technologies, can be used to identify disease biomarkers and unveil underlying pathophysiological processes. Accordingly, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have identified metabolites from cerebral ischemia patients and animal models that could improve the diagnosis of IS and prediction of its outcome. In this paper, metabolomic research is comprehensively reviewed with a focus on describing the metabolic changes and related pathways associated with IS. Most clinical studies use biofluids (e.g., blood or plasma) because their collection is minimally invasive and they are ideal for analyzing changes in metabolites in patients of IS. We review the application of animal models in metabolomic analyses aimed at investigating potential mechanisms of IS and developing novel therapeutic approaches. In addition, this review presents the strengths and limitations of current metabolomic studies on IS, providing a reference for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Medical Research Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liyuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li T, Wang X, Zhao L, Yang X, Dang M, Li Y, Wu Y, Lu Z, Lu J, Jian Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Lu X, Shen Z, Fan H, Cai W, Zhang G. Detection of acute ischemic stroke and backtracking stroke onset time via machine learning analysis of metabolomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113641. [PMID: 36088854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The time window from stroke onset is critical for the treatment decision. However, in unknown onset stroke, it is often difficult to determine the exact onset time because of the lack of assessment methods, which can result in controversial and random treatment decisions. Previous studies have shown that serum biomarkers, in addition to imaging assessment, are useful for determining the stroke onset time. However, as yet there are no specific biomarkers or corresponding methodologies that are accurate and effective for determining the onset time of unknown onset stroke. Herein, we describe our novel advanced metabolites-based machine learning method (termed extreme gradient boost [XGBoost]) combined with recursive feature elimination, which accurately screened five metabolites from 1124 metabolites detected in serum. These metabolites were capable of both detecting acute ischemic stroke and backtracking the acute ischemic stroke onset time. To further investigate the pathological mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke, we also examined characteristic metabolites in different brain regions, and found two metabolites that could distinguish the core infarct area from the ischemic penumbra. Although this study is based on animal experiments, our machine learning framework and selected metabolites may provide a basis for clinical stroke evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dayu Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, United States
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meijuan Dang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulun Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Shen
- Guangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510030, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0295, United States.
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhu H, Duan Y, Qin K, Jin J, Liu X, Cai B. A UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach to Screen out Active Components in Prepared Rhubarb for Its Activity on Noxious Heat Blood Stasis Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907831. [PMID: 35928255 PMCID: PMC9343851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prepared rhubarb was obtained by steaming raw rhubarb with wine. Different from raw rhubarb with a purgative effect, prepared rhubarb shows effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the mechanisms of its action through regulating endogenous metabolites remain unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore active chemical components in prepared rhubarb for its activity on noxious heat blood stasis syndrome (NHBS) by comprehensive metabolomics profiling. Study design: Plant extracts usually show their activities in a synergistic way; therefore, integrated omics was developed as a rational way for a better understanding of their biological effects and potential active compounds. Methods: The activities of prepared rhubarb were evaluated by biochemical and metabolomic analysis; meanwhile, serum chemical profiles were sought using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Gray correlation analysis (GCA) was used for calculating the underlying correlations between them. Results: The metabolomics profiles of rat plasma from model and control groups were significantly different, with 31 endogenous metabolites changed by NHBS. Then, after the administration of prepared rhubarb, 18 of them were regulated. Multiple metabolic pathways were disturbed after NHBS modeling and restored by prepared rhubarb, among which had a greater impact on sphingolipid metabolism. A total of 28 compounds from prepared rhubarb absorbed into the plasma were identified, including nine prototypes and 19 metabolites. Statistical results suggested that rhein and its metabolites accounted for half of the top 10 active compounds in prepared rhubarb for its biomedical activities. Conclusion: This study presented evidence for the therapeutic effects and active chemicals of prepared rhubarb on NHBS in the way of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Liu,
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
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Sharifyrad M, Gohari S, Fathi M, Danafar H, Hosseini MJ, Mostafavi H, Manjili HK. The efficacy and neuroprotective effects of edaravone-loaded mPEG-b-PLGA polymeric nanoparticles on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as in vitro model of ischemia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Associations of plasma carnitine, lysine, trimethyllysine and glycine with incident ischemic stroke: Findings from a nested case-control study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1889-1895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ke C, Shi M, Guo D, Zhu Z, Zhong C, Xu T, Lu Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y. Metabolomics on vascular events and death after acute ischemic stroke: Aprospective matched nested case-control study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 351:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wang Y, Huang K, Liu F, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Association of circulating branched-chain amino acids with risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wang X, Peng Y, Zhou H, Du W, Wang J, Wang J, Wu T, Tang X, Lv Y, Gong J. The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:829090. [PMID: 35370905 PMCID: PMC8967952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.829090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the effect of enriched rehabilitation (ER) on cognitive function and serum glutamate levels in patients with stroke. Methods Forty patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), according to the inclusion criteria, and undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of ER treatment (ER group; n = 20) or conventional medical treatment (CM group; n = 20). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy subjects who were outpatients in our hospital during the same period formed the healthy control (HC) group. In- and between-group differences in cognitive function were assessed during pre-intervention and post-intervention based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The serum levels of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results Pre-intervention cognitive function and the levels of all the serum parameters assessed significant difference between the HC group and the PSCI group (both ER and CM groups) (p < 0.05), but not between the two groups of patients with PSCI (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function in both the ER and the CM groups post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, as evidenced by the measured improvement in MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores. Similar improvements were seen for serum glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation in both the treatment groups (p < 0.05). More enhancements in cognitive function, including MoCA, SDMT, TMT scores, and the serum levels of glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation were shown in the ER group compared with the CM group post-intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions ER can improve cognitive function in patients with PSCI. The associated mechanism may be related to the negative regulatory effect of ER on serum glutamate, TNF, and MDA levels, which is likely to enhance synaptic plasticity and alleviate oxidative stress- and inflammation-related damage, at least to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Xin Wang
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Du
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - JiaJin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Lv
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianwei Gong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Gong
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Chen G, Guo L, Zhao X, Ren Y, Chen H, Liu J, Jiang J, Liu P, Liu X, Hu B, Wang N, Peng H, Xu G, Tao H. Serum Metabonomics Reveals Risk Factors in Different Periods of Cerebral Infarction in Humans. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:784288. [PMID: 35242810 PMCID: PMC8887861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of key metabolite variations and their biological mechanisms in cerebral infarction (CI) have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. However, how metabolite variations in different periods of CI influence these biological processes and whether key metabolites from different periods may better predict disease progression are still unknown. We performed a systematic investigation using the metabonomics method. Various metabolites in different pathways were investigated by serum metabolic profiling of 143 patients diagnosed with CI and 59 healthy controls. Phe-Phe, carnitine C18:1, palmitic acid, cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, palmitoleic acid, 1-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol, MAG 18:1, MAG 20:3, phosphoric acid, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, Ca, K, and GGT were the major components in the early period of CI. GCDCA, glycocholate, PC 36:5, LPC 18:2, and PA showed obvious changes in the intermediate time. In contrast, trans-vaccenic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, DHA, FFA 18:1, FFA 18:2, FFA 18:3, FFA 20:4, FFA 22:6, PC 34:1, PC 36:3, PC 38:4, ALP, and Crea displayed changes in the later time. More importantly, we found that phenylalanine metabolism, medium-chain acylcarnitines, long-chain acylcarnitines, choline, DHEA, LPC 18:0, LPC 18:1, FFA 18:0, FFA 22:4, TG, ALB, IDBIL, and DBIL played vital roles in the development of different periods of CI. Increased phenylacetyl-L-glutamine was detected and may be a biomarker for CI. It was of great significance that we identified key metabolic pathways and risk metabolites in different periods of CI different from those previously reported. Specific data are detailed in the Conclusion section. In addition, we also explored metabolite differences of CI patients complicated with high blood glucose compared with healthy controls. Further work in this area may inform personalized treatment approaches in clinical practice for CI by experimentally elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Haiquan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cerebrovascular Diseases Department, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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Annese VF, Giagkoulovits C, Hu C, Al-Rawhani MA, Grant J, Patil SB, Cumming DRS. Micromolar Metabolite Measurement in an Electronically Multiplexed Format. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2715-2722. [PMID: 35104208 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The detection of metabolites such as choline in blood are important in clinical care for patients with cancer and cardiovascular disease. Choline is only present in human blood at low concentrations hence accurate measurement in an affordable point-of-care format is extremely challenging. Integration of microfluidics on to complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has the potential to enable advanced sensing technologies with extremely low limit of detection that are well suited to multiple clinical metabolite measurements. Although CMOS and microfluidics are individually mature technologies, their integration has presented challenges that we overcome in a novel, cost-effective, single-step process. To demonstrate the process, we present the microfluidic integration of a metabolomics-on-CMOS point-of-care platform with four capillary microfluidic channels on top of a CMOS optical sensor array. The fabricated device was characterised to verify the required structural profile, mechanical strength, optical spectra, and fluid flow. As a proof of concept, we used the device for the in-vitro quantification of choline in human blood plasma with a limit of detection of 3.2 M and a resolution of 1.6 M.
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Mechanism of Sanhua Decoction in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology Methods and Experimental Verification. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7759402. [PMID: 35097126 PMCID: PMC8799339 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7759402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The mechanism of action of Sanhua Decoction (SHD) in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) was analyzed based on the network pharmacology technology, and the pharmacodynamics and key targets were verified using the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Methods The GEO database was used to collect IS-related gene set SD, and DrugBank and TTD databases were used to obtain the therapeutic drug target set ST. IS disease gene set SI was collected from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. These three different gene sets obtained from various sources were merged, duplicates were removed, and the resulting IS disease gene set SIS was imported into the STRING database to establish the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Two methods were used to screen the key targets of IS disease based on the PPI network analysis. The TCMSP database and PubChem were applied to retrieve the main chemical components of SHD, and the ACD/Labs software and the SwissADME online system were utilized for ADMET screening. HitPick, SEA, and SwissTarget Prediction online systems were used to predict the set of potential targets for SHD to treat IS. The predicted set of potential targets and the IS disease gene set were intersected. Subsequently, the set of potential targets for SHD treatment of IS was identified, the target information was confirmed through the UniProt database, and finally, the component-target data set for SHD treatment of IS was obtained. clusterProfiler was used for GO function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the target set of SHD active ingredients. A rat MCAO model was established to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of SHD in the treatment of IS, and Western blot analysis assessed the level of proteins in the related pathways. Results This study obtained 1,009 IS disease gene sets. PPI network analysis identified 12 key targets: AGT, SAA1, KNG1, APP, GNB3, C3, CXCR4, CXCL12, CXCL8, CXCL1, F2, and EDN1. Database analyses retrieved 40 active ingredients and 47 target genes in SHD. The network proximity algorithm was used to optimize the six key components in SHD. KEGG enrichment showed that the signaling pathways related to IS were endocrine resistance, estrogen, TNF signal pathway, and AGEs/RAGE. Compound-disease-target regulatory network analysis showed that AKT1, IL-6, TNF-α, TP53, VEGFA, and APP were related to the treatment of IS with SHD. Animal experiments demonstrated that SHD significantly reduces the neurological function of rat defect symptoms (P < 0.05), the area of cerebral avascular necrosis, and neuronal necrosis while increasing the levels of IL-6 and APP proteins (P < 0.05) and reducing the levels of AKT1 and VEGFA proteins (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effective components of SHD may regulate multiple signaling pathways through IL-6, APP, AKT1, and VEGFA to reduce brain damage and inflammatory damage and exert a neuroprotective role in the treatment of IS diseases. Thus, this study provides a feasible method to study the pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions and a theoretical basis for the development of SHD into a new drug for IS treatment.
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Wang H, Chen S, Han Z, Li T, Ma J, Chen X, Pang J, Wang Q, Shen Q, Zhang M. Screening of Phospholipids in Plasma of Large-Artery Atherosclerotic and Cardioembolic Stroke Patients With Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:794057. [PMID: 35127828 PMCID: PMC8812958 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.794057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a deadly and debilitating disease with a high incidence and recurrence rate in elderly people worldwide. Large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) and cardioembolic (CE) stroke are two leading subtypes and require different management. As a complementary biochemistry method for current diagnostic techniques, a sensitive and accurate phospholipid (PL) targeted lipidomic method was developed in this study. Plasma PLs were selectively extracted with titanium dioxide/fibrous silica nanosphere material, then characterized and quantified with hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 31 molecular species of PLs were determined and ten biomarkers including seven molecular species of sphingomyelins (SM d18:1/18:1, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/24:1, d18:1/16:1, d18:1/22:1, d18:1/24:2, and d18:1/16:0) and three molecular species of phosphatidylcholines (16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/22:6) showed significant differences in LAA, CE, and healthy control (HC) groups. The independent diagnostic capabilities of these PL biomarkers were successfully evaluated and validated with receiver operating characteristic curves. Additionally, the oleic acid-enriched SMs, which can result in atherogenic lipoprotein aggregation, were proved to be positively related to IS and may perform as the potential risk factors in the future. Meanwhile, valuable suggestions for dietary interventions as an essential source of endogenous PLs could be obtained from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingcheng Wang
- Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Shen, ; Manman Zhang, ,
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Shen, ; Manman Zhang, ,
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Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Song F, Jin Y. Studies on the mechanism of Panax Ginseng in the treatment of deficiency of vital energy dementia rats based on urine metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1191:123115. [PMID: 35042148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Panax Ginseng (PG) has been used to strengthen memory and physique for thousands of years, because its main components ginsenosides (GS) and ginseng polysaccharides (GP) play a major role, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, a rat model of dementia with vital energy deficiency (DED) was established through intraperitoneal injection with D-galactose and AlCl3 and combined with exhaustive swimming. Pharmacological studies and the urine metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) were employed for evaluation the efficacy of PG and exploring this treatment mechanism. Through urine metabolic profiling, it can be seen that DED rats after PG administration are close to normal group (NG) rats, and PG can regulate the in vivo status of DED rats which tend to NG. The results of behavioral, biochemical indicators and immunohistochemistry further verified the above results, and the mechanism of action of each component is refined. Ultimately, we believe that the mechanism of PG in the treatment of DED is that ginsenosides (GS) intervenes in phenylalanine tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism, stimulates dopamine production, inhibits Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation; and that ginseng polysaccharides (GP) provides energy to strengthen the TCA cycle and improve immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yongri Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Chen C, Duan F, Xie Y, Wan Q, Liu H, Gong J, Huang L, Song Z. Nuciferine attenuates acute ischemic stroke in a rat model: a metabolomic approach for the mechanistic study. Mol Omics 2022; 18:765-778. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuciferine is a promise therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke. 1H NMR metabolomics was conducted in this study to further elucidate its pharmacological mechanism, which is helpful to be used as a potential treatment for stroke clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Feipeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yongyan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Song
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing 100061, P. R. China
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Jickling GC, Sharp FR. OMICs in Stroke. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ahmed W, White IR, Wilkinson M, Johnson CF, Rattray N, Kishore AK, Goodacre R, Smith CJ, Fowler SJ. Breath and plasma metabolomics to assess inflammation in acute stroke. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21949. [PMID: 34753981 PMCID: PMC8578671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is strongly implicated in both injury and repair processes occurring after stroke. In this exploratory study we assessed the feasibility of repeated sampling of exhaled volatile organic compounds and performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis of plasma collected at multiple time periods after stroke. Metabolic profiles were compared with the time course of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Serial breath sampling was well-tolerated by all patients and the measurement appears feasible in this group. We found that exhaled decanal tracks CRP and IL-6 levels post-stroke and correlates with several metabolic pathways associated with a post-stroke inflammatory response. This suggests that measurement of breath and blood metabolites could facilitate development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Results are discussed in relation to the utility of breath analysis in stroke care, such as in monitoring recovery and complications including stroke associated infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmed
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iain R White
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Maxim Wilkinson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig F Johnson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amit K Kishore
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Guo L, Li L, Xu Z, Meng F, Guo H, Liu P, Liu P, Tian Y, Xu F, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Huang Y. Metabolic network-based identification of plasma markers for non-small cell lung cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7421-7430. [PMID: 34617154 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic markers, offering sensitive information on biological dysfunction, play important roles in diagnosing and treating cancers. However, the discovery of effective markers is limited by the lack of well-established metabolite selection approaches. Here, we propose a network-based strategy to uncover the metabolic markers with potential clinical availability for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, an integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics was used to profile the plasma samples from 43 NSCLC patients and 43 healthy controls. We found that a series of 39 metabolites were altered significantly. Relying on the human metabolic network assembled from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, we mapped these differential metabolites to the network and constructed an NSCLC-related disease module containing 23 putative metabolic markers. By measuring the PageRank centrality of molecules in this module, we computationally evaluated the network-based importance of the 23 metabolites and demonstrated that the metabolism pathways of aromatic amino acids and long-chain fatty acids provided potential molecular targets of NSCLC (i.e., IL4l1 and ACOT2). Combining network-based ranking and support-vector machine modeling, we further found a panel of eight metabolites (i.e., pyruvate, tryptophan, and palmitic acid) that showed a high capability to differentiate patients from controls (accuracy > 97.7%). In summary, we present a meaningful network method for metabolic marker discovery and have identified eight strong candidate metabolites for NSCLC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, Jaingsu, China
| | - Linrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, Jaingsu, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchen Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peifang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, Jaingsu, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, Jaingsu, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, Jaingsu, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, Jaingsu, China.
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Licari C, Tenori L, Giusti B, Sticchi E, Kura A, De Cario R, Inzitari D, Piccardi B, Nesi M, Sarti C, Arba F, Palumbo V, Nencini P, Marcucci R, Gori AM, Luchinat C, Saccenti E. Analysis of Metabolite and Lipid Association Networks Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Associated with 3-Month Mortality and Poor Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke after Thrombolytic Treatment with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4758-4770. [PMID: 34473513 PMCID: PMC8491161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
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Here, we present
an integrated multivariate, univariate, network
reconstruction and differential analysis of metabolite–metabolite
and metabolite–lipid association networks built from an array
of 18 serum metabolites and 110 lipids identified and quantified through
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a cohort of 248 patients,
of which 22 died and 82 developed a poor functional outcome within
3 months from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous
recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. We explored differences
in metabolite and lipid connectivity of patients who did not develop
a poor outcome and who survived the ischemic stroke from the related
opposite conditions. We report statistically significant differences
in the connectivity patterns of both low- and high-molecular-weight
metabolites, implying underlying variations in the metabolic pathway
involving leucine, glycine, glutamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, citric,
lactic, and acetic acids, ketone bodies, and different lipids, thus
characterizing patients’ outcomes. Our results evidence the
promising and powerful role of the metabolite–metabolite and
metabolite–lipid association networks in investigating molecular
mechanisms underlying AIS patient’s outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Licari
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Elena Sticchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Ada Kura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rosina De Cario
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Domenico Inzitari
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | | | - Mascia Nesi
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Cristina Sarti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesco Arba
- Department of Neurology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palumbo
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50134, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.,Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Firenze 50139, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
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Poupore N, Chosed R, Arce S, Rainer R, Goodwin RL, Nathaniel TI. Metabolomic Profiles of Men and Women Ischemic Stroke Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101786. [PMID: 34679483 PMCID: PMC8534835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is known to affect both men and women; however, incidence and outcomes differ between them. Therefore, the discovery of novel, sex-specific, blood-based biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients has the potential to enhance the understanding of the etiology of this deadly disease in the content of sex. The objective of this study was to identify serum metabolites associated with male and female AIS patients. Methods: Metabolites were measured with the use of untargeted, reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification from blood specimens collected from AIS patients. Samples were collected from 36 patients comprising each of 18 men and women with matched controls. Metabolic pathway analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate metabolite profiles for male and female AIS patients from the control, while logistic regression was used to determine differences in metabolites between male and female AIS patients. Results: In female AIS patients, 14 distinct altered metabolic pathways and 49 corresponding metabolites were identified, while 39 metabolites and 5 metabolic pathways were identified in male patients. Metabolites that are predictive of ischemic stroke in female patients were 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (P-16:0/20:4) (AUC = 0.914, 0.765–1.000), 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-palmitoyl-GPC (P-16:0/16:0) (AUC = 0.840, 0.656–1.000), and 5,6-dihydrouracil (P-16:0/20:2) (AUC = 0.815, 0.601–1.000). Significant metabolites that were predictive of stroke in male patients were 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate (AUC = 0.951, 0.857–1.000), alpha-hydroxyisocaproate (AUC = 0.938, 0.832–1.000), threonate (AUC = 0.877, 0.716–1.000), and bilirubin (AUC = 0.817, 0.746–1.000). Conclusions: In the current study, the untargeted serum metabolomics platform identified multiple pathways and metabolites associated with male and female AIS patients. Further research is necessary to characterize how these metabolites are associated with the pathophysiology in male and female AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poupore
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (N.P.); (R.C.); (S.A.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Renee Chosed
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (N.P.); (R.C.); (S.A.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Sergio Arce
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (N.P.); (R.C.); (S.A.); (R.L.G.)
| | | | - Richard L. Goodwin
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (N.P.); (R.C.); (S.A.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (N.P.); (R.C.); (S.A.); (R.L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-8644559846; Fax: +1-8644558404
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Kong LL, Gao L, Wang KX, Liu NN, Liu CD, Ma GD, Yang HG, Qin XM, Du GH. Pinocembrin attenuates hemorrhagic transformation after delayed t-PA treatment in thromboembolic stroke rats by regulating endogenous metabolites. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1223-1234. [PMID: 33859344 PMCID: PMC8285418 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common serious complication of stroke after thrombolysis treatment, which limits the clinical use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Since early diagnosis and treatment for HT is important to improve the prognosis of stroke patients, it is urgent to discover the potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. Recent evidence shows that pinocembrin, a natural flavonoid compound, exerts anti-cerebral ischemia effect and expands the time window of t-PA. In this study, we investigated the effect of pinocembrin on t-PA-induced HT and the potential biomarkers for HT after t-PA thrombolysis, thereby improving the prognosis of stroke. Electrocoagulation-induced thrombotic focal ischemic rats received intravenous infusion of t-PA (10 mg/kg) 6 h after ischemia. Administration of pinocembrin (10 mg/kg, iv) prior t-PA infusion significantly decreased the infarct volume, ameliorated t-PA-induced HT, and protected blood-brain barrier. Metabolomics analysis revealed that 5 differential metabolites in the cerebral cortex and 16 differential metabolites in serum involved in amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism were significantly changed after t-PA thrombolysis, whereas pinocembrin administration exerted significant intervention effects on these metabolites. Linear regression analysis showed that lactic acid was highly correlated to the occurrence of HT. Further experiments confirmed that t-PA treatment significantly increased the content of lactic acid and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the cerebral cortex and serum, and the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) in the cerebral cortex; pinocembrin reversed these changes, which was consistent with the result of metabolomics. These results demonstrate that pinocembrin attenuates HT after t-PA thrombolysis, which may be associated with the regulation of endogenous metabolites. Lactic acid may be a potential biomarker for HT prediction and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lei Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cheng-di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guo-Dong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hai-Guang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Dawiskiba T, Wojtowicz W, Qasem B, Łukaszewski M, Mielko KA, Dawiskiba A, Banasik M, Skóra JP, Janczak D, Młynarz P. Brain-dead and coma patients exhibit different serum metabolic profiles: preliminary investigation of a novel diagnostic approach in neurocritical care. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15519. [PMID: 34330941 PMCID: PMC8324823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear difference between severe brain damage and brain death. However, in clinical practice, the differentiation of these states can be challenging. Currently, there are no laboratory tools that facilitate brain death diagnosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of serum metabolomic analysis in differentiating coma patients (CP) from individuals with brain death (BD). Serum samples were collected from 23 adult individuals with established diagnosis of brain death and 24 patients in coma with Glasgow Coma Scale 3 or 4, with no other clinical symptoms of brain death for at least 7 days after sample collection. Serum metabolomic profiles were investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results obtained were examined by univariate and multivariate data analysis (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA). Metabolic profiling allowed us to quantify 43 resonance signals, of which 34 were identified. Multivariate statistical modeling revealed a highly significant separation between coma patients and brain-dead individuals, as well as strong predictive potential. The findings not only highlight the potential of the metabolomic approach for distinguishing patients in coma from those in the state of brain death but also may provide an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dawiskiba
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Wojtowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marceli Łukaszewski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Anna Mielko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dawiskiba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Banasik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Skóra
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Janczak
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Wang Y, Guan X, Gao CL, Ruan W, Zhao S, Kai G, Li F, Pang T. Medioresinol as a novel PGC-1α activator prevents pyroptosis of endothelial cells in ischemic stroke through PPARα-GOT1 axis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105640. [PMID: 33915296 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), as the important structure of blood-brain barrier (BBB), play a vital role in ischemic stroke. Pyroptosis of different cells in the brain may aggravate cerebral ischemic injury, and PGC-1α plays a major role in pyroptosis. However, it is not known whether BMVECs undergo pyroptosis after ischemic stroke and whether PGC-1α activator Medioresinol (MDN) we discovered may be useful against pyroptosis of endothelial cells and ischemic brain injury. METHODS For in vitro experiments, the bEnd.3 cells and BMVECs under oxygen and glucose-deprivation (OGD) were treated with or without MDN, and the LDH release, tight junction protein degradation, GSDMD-NT membrane location and pyroptosis-associated proteins were evaluated. For in vivo experiments, mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for ischemia model, and the neuroprotective effects of MDN were measured by infarct volume, the permeability of BBB and pyroptosis of BMVECs. For mechanistic study, effects of MDN on the accumulation of phenylalanine, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were tested by untargeted metabolomics and MitoSOX Red probe, respectively. RESULTS BMVECs underwent pyroptosis after ischemia. MDN dose-dependently activated PGC-1α, significantly reduced pyroptosis, mtROS and the expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins (NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, GSDMD-NT), and increased ZO-1 and Occludin protein expressions in BMVECs. In tMCAO mice, MDN remarkably reduced brain infarct volume and the permeability of BBB, inhibited pyroptosis of BMVECs, and promoted long-term neurobehavioral functional recovery. Mechanistically, MDN promoted the interaction of PGC-1α with PPARα to increase PPARα nuclear translocation and transcription activity, further increased the expression of GOT1 and PAH, resulting in enhanced phenylalanine metabolism to reduce the ischemia-caused phenylalanine accumulation and mtROS and further ameliorate pyroptosis of BMVECs. CONCLUSION In this study, we for the first time discovered that pyroptosis of BMVECs was involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and MDN as a novel PGC-1α activator could ameliorate the pyroptosis of endothelial cells and ischemic brain injury, which might attribute to reduction of mtROS through PPARα/GOT1 axis in BMVECs. Taken together, targeting endothelial pyroptosis by MDN may provide alternative therapeutics for brain ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cheng-Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenchen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Applications of Metabolomics in Forensic Toxicology and Forensic Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063010. [PMID: 33809459 PMCID: PMC8002074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Forensic toxicology and forensic medicine are unique among all other medical fields because of their essential legal impact, especially in civil and criminal cases. New high-throughput technologies, borrowed from chemistry and physics, have proven that metabolomics, the youngest of the “omics sciences”, could be one of the most powerful tools for monitoring changes in forensic disciplines. Metabolomics is a particular method that allows for the measurement of metabolic changes in a multicellular system using two different approaches: targeted and untargeted. Targeted studies are focused on a known number of defined metabolites. Untargeted metabolomics aims to capture all metabolites present in a sample. Different statistical approaches (e.g., uni- or multivariate statistics, machine learning) can be applied to extract useful and important information in both cases. This review aims to describe the role of metabolomics in forensic toxicology and in forensic medicine.
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Davis Armstrong NM, Spragley KJ, Chen WM, Hsu FC, Brewer MS, Horn PJ, Williams SR, Sale MM, Worrall BB, Keene KL. Multi-omic analysis of stroke recurrence in African Americans from the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) clinical trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247257. [PMID: 33661917 PMCID: PMC7932724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans endure a nearly two-fold greater risk of suffering a stroke and are 2–3 times more likely to die from stroke compared to those of European ancestry. African Americans also have a greater risk of recurrent stroke and vascular events, which are deadlier and more disabling than incident stroke. Stroke is a multifactorial disease with both heritable and environmental risk factors. We conducted an integrative, multi-omic study on 922 plasma metabolites, 473,864 DNA methylation loci, and 556 variants from 50 African American participants of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention clinical trial to help elucidate biomarkers contributing to recurrent stroke rates in this high risk population. Sixteen metabolites, including cotinine, N-delta-acetylornithine, and sphingomyelin (d17:1/24:1) were identified in t-tests of recurrent stroke outcome or baseline smoking status. Serum tricosanoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/23:0) levels were significantly associated with recurrent stroke after adjusting for covariates in Cox Proportional Hazards models. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis identified moderate correlations between sphingolipid markers and clinical traits including days to recurrent stroke. Integrative analyses between genetic variants in sphingolipid pathway genes identified 29 nominal associations with metabolite levels in a one-way analysis of variance, while epigenomic analyses identified xenobiotics, predominately smoking-associated metabolites and pharmaceutical drugs, associated with methylation profiles. Taken together, our results suggest that metabolites, specifically those associated with sphingolipid metabolism, are potential plasma biomarkers for stroke recurrence in African Americans. Furthermore, genetic variation and DNA methylation may play a role in the regulation of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Davis Armstrong
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelsey J. Spragley
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Brewer
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Horn
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michèle M. Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bradford B. Worrall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Keith L. Keene
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu J, Yuan J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang G. Serum metabolomic patterns in young patients with ischemic stroke: a case study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:24. [PMID: 33554271 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. METHODS This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to analyze amino acid or bile acid, and free fatty acid or lipid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a Qtrap5500 mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed significant differences in serum metabolomic patterns between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. The stroke patients had increased L-methionine, homocysteine, glutamine, uric acid, GCDCA, and PE (18:0/20:4, 16:0/22:5), and decreased levels of L-citrulline, taurine, PC (16:2/22:6, 16:2/20:5, 15:0/18:2), and SM (d18:1/23:0, d20:0/19:1, d18:1/22:0, d16:0/26:1, d16:0/18:0, d16:0/22:1, d18:1/19:1, d16:0/17:1, d16:1/24:1, d18:1/19:0). Based on the identified metabolites, the metabolic pathways of arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly enriched in the young patients with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolomic patterns were significantly different between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Our study is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathophysiology of young patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Sun W, Pei LL, Tian M, Liang J, Liu X, Zhang R, Fang H, Wu J, Sun S, Xu Y, Kang JS, Song B. Changes of Metabolites in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:580929. [PMID: 33505234 PMCID: PMC7829509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.580929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing techniques have many limitations in the diagnosis and classification of ischemic stroke (IS). Considering this, we used metabolomics to screen for potential biomarkers of IS and its subtypes and to explore the underlying related pathophysiological mechanisms. Serum samples from 99 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) [the AIS subtypes included 49 patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and 50 patients with small artery occlusion (SAO)] and 50 matched healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers. There were 18 significantly different metabolites, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, L-glutamine, L-arginine, and L-proline, between patients with AIS and HCs. These different metabolites are closely related to many metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. There were also differences in metabolic profiling between the LAA and SAO groups. There were eight different metabolites, including L-pipecolic acid, 1-Methylhistidine, PE, LysoPE, and LysoPC, which affected glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and lysine degradation. Our study effectively identified the metabolic profiles of IS and its subtypes. The different metabolites between LAA and SAO may be potential biomarkers in the context of clinical diagnosis. These results highlight the potential of metabolomics to reveal new pathways for IS subtypes and provide a new avenue to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IS and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu-Lu Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Kang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen RH, Du WD, Wang Q, Li ZF, Wang DX, Yang SL, Feng YL. Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed by metabolomics and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113212. [PMID: 32768643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is one of the main diseases leading to death and disability. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms (AS), also known as Panax ginseng, has neuroprotective effects on anti-CIR injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effects is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically study and explore the mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms extract (ASE) in the treatment of CIR injury based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacological basis of ASE in the treatment of CIR was evaluated, and samples were used in plasma metabolomics and brain tissue transcriptomics to reveal potential biomarkers. Finally, according to online database, we analyzed biomarkers identified by the two technologies, explained reasons for the therapeutic effect of ASE, and identify therapeutic targets. RESULTS A total of 53 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in plasma and 3138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in brain tissue from three groups of rats, including sham, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and ASE groups. Enrichment analysis showed that Nme6, Tk1, and Pold1 that are involved in the production of deoxycytidine and thymine were significantly up-regulated and Dck was significantly down-regulated by the intervention with ASE. These findings indicated that ASE participates in the pyrimidine metabolism by significantly regulating the balance between dCTP and dTTP. In addition, ASE repaired and promoted the lipid metabolism in rats, which might be due to the significant expression of Dgkz, Chat, and Gpcpd1. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that ASE regulates the significant changes in gene expression in metabolites pyrimidine, and lipid metabolism in CIR rats and plays an active role in the treatment of CIR injury through multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China; Nanchang Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330002, China
| | - Shi-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Metabolomic profiling of fatty acid biomarkers for intracerebral hemorrhage stroke. Talanta 2021; 222:121679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Advances in nanomedicines for diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120492. [PMID: 33153757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of a great improvement in medical health services and an increase in lifespan, we have witnessed a skyrocket increase in the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease), ischemic stroke, and epilepsy, which have seriously undermined the quality of life and substantially increased economic and societal burdens. Development of diagnostic methods for CNS disorders is still in the early stage, and the clinical outcomes suggest these methods are not ready for the challenges associated with diagnosis of CNS disorders, such as early detection, specific binding, sharp contrast, and continuous monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Another challenge is to overcome various barrier structures during delivery of diagnostic agents, especially the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, utilization of nanomaterials has been pursued as a potential and promising strategy to address these challenges. This review will discuss anatomical and functional structures of BBB and transport mechanisms of nanomaterials across the BBB, and special emphases will be placed on the state-of-the-art advances in the development of nanomedicines from a variety of nanomaterials for diagnosis of CNS disorders. Meanwhile, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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