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Shen X, Cao M. Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Gels (Bijels): Preparation, Control Strategies, and Derived Porous Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:574. [PMID: 38607109 PMCID: PMC11013138 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels, also known as Bijels, are a new type of soft condensed matter. Over the last decade, Bijels have attracted considerable attention because of their unique morphology, property, and broad application prospects. In the present review, we summarize the preparation methods and main control strategies of Bijels, focusing on the research progress and application of Bijels as templates for porous materials preparation in recent years. The potential future directions and applications of Bijels are also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Department of Biological and Energy Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China;
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Sprockel AJ, Khan MA, de Ruiter M, Alting MT, Macmillan KA, Haase MF. Fabrication of bijels with sub-micron domains via a single-channel flow device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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3
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Wang T, Riggleman RA, Lee D, Stebe KJ. Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels with nearly uniform sub-micrometer domains via regulated co-solvent removal. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1385-1391. [PMID: 36748227 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials possess numerous useful functions because of their high surface area and ability to modulate the transport of heat, mass, fluids, and electromagnetic waves. Unlike highly ordered structures, disordered porous structures offer the advantages of ease of fabrication and high fault tolerance. Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) are kinetically trapped disordered biphasic materials that can be converted to porous materials with tunable features. Current methods of bijel fabrication result in domains that are micrometers or larger, and non-uniform in size, limiting their surface area, mechanical strength, and interaction with electromagnetic waves. In this work, scalable synthesis of bijels with uniform and sub-micrometer domains is achieved via a two-step solvent removal process. The resulting bijels are characterized quantitatively to verify the uniformity and sub-micrometer scale of the domains. Moreover, these bijels have structures that resemble the microstructure of the scale of the white beetle Cyphochilus. We find that such bijel films with relatively small thicknesses (<150 μm) exhibit strong solar reflectance as well as high brightness and whiteness in the visible range. Considering their scalability in manufacturing, we believe that VIPS-STRIPS bijels have great potential in large-scale applications including passive cooling, solar cells, and light emitting diodes (LEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Li J, Wang M. Fabrication and Evaluation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Containing Bijels and Bijels-Derived Porous Nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1434-1443. [PMID: 36634198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Structures having continuous porous networks are of great interest for applications in areas such as separation, energy storage, and tissue engineering. Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels ("bijels") have been actively investigated as templates for fabricating useful structures for such applications. However, the fabrication of bijels-templated porous nanocomposites incorporated with reinforcing or functional nanoparticles (or nanofibers) to provide specific, targeted functions is still a challenge, stemming from the difficulties of fabricating functional nanoparticle-containing bijels. In this study, bijels-derived porous nanocomposites incorporated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which possessed interconnected channels inside the structures, were made via a facile phase inversion technique for bijels fabrication. For the composite manufacture, in the first step of bijels fabrication, MWCNT adsorption into the oil phase of bijels was observed. It was revealed that MWCNTs were physically absorbed into the oil-rich phase without disrupting the bicontinuous structure of bijels. The successful fabrication of non-crosslinked and crosslinked porous structures containing MWCNTs was evidenced through imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. For potential controlled release applications, an anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), was incorporated into bijels-derived structures and nanocomposites. The in vitro DOX release profiles from drug delivery systems based on bijels-derived MWCNT-containing nanocomposites suggested that the photothermal effect of MWCNTs initiated by near-infrared irradiation could modulate the drug release behavior. Overall, this study has developed a facile approach to fabricate bijels-templated bicontinuous porous structures incorporated with functional nanoparticles (or nanofibers) and opened an avenue for making MWCNT-containing porous nanocomposites for controlled drug release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Bioengineering Liver Organoids for Diseases Modelling and Transplantation. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120796. [PMID: 36551002 PMCID: PMC9774794 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organoids as three-dimension (3D) cellular organizations partially mimic the physiological functions and micro-architecture of native tissues and organs, holding great potential for clinical applications. Advances in the identification of essential factors including physical cues and biochemical signals for controlling organoid development have contributed to the success of growing liver organoids from liver tissue and stem/progenitor cells. However, to recapitulate the physiological properties and the architecture of a native liver, one has to generate liver organoids that contain all the major liver cell types in correct proportions and relative 3D locations as found in a native liver. Recent advances in stem-cell-, biomaterial- and engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of a more sophisticated liver organoid culture resembling a near to native mini-liver in a dish. However, a comprehensive review on the recent advancement in the bioengineering liver organoid is still lacking. Here, we review the current liver organoid systems, focusing on the construction of the liver organoid system with various cell sources, the roles of growth factors for engineering liver organoids, as well as the recent advances in the bioengineering liver organoid disease models and their biomedical applications.
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Lai J, Wang C, Liu J, Chen S, Liu C, Huang X, Wu J, Pan Y, Xie Y, Wang M. Low temperature hybrid 3D printing of hierarchically porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds with in situ delivery of osteogenic peptide and mesenchymal stem cells. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35896092 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac84b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Comparing to other conventional fabrication techniques, 3D printing is advantageous in producing bone tissue engineering scaffolds with customized shape, tailored pore size/porosity, required mechanical properties and even desirable biomolecule delivery capability. However, towards scaffolds with a large volume, it is highly difficult to enable seed cells to migrate to the central region of the scaffolds, resulting in an inhomogeneous cell distribution, and hence lowering the bone forming ability. To address this problem, in this investigation, cell-laden bone tissue engineering scaffolds consisting of osteogenic peptide loaded β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (OP/TCP/PLGA) nanocomposite scaffolds and rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs)-laden Gelatin/GelMA hydrogel fillers were produced through a "dual-nozzle" cryogenic hybrid 3D printing. The cell-laden scaffolds exhibited a bi-phasic structure and were mechanically similar to human cancellous bone. OP can be released from the hybrid scaffolds in a sustained manner. rBMSCs laden in the hydrogel patterns exhibited a high viability during and after cryogenic hybrid 3D printing process and can be further released from the hydrogel struts and achieve cell anchorage on the surface of adjacent OTP struts. The OP released from OTP struts enhanced rBMSCs proliferation. Comparing to rBMSC-laden hybrid scaffolds without OP incorporation, the rBMSC-laden hybrid scaffolds incorporated with OP significantly up-regulated the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, by showing a higher level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and calcium deposition. This "proof-ofconcept" study provided a facile method to form cell-laden bone tissue engineering scaffolds with not only required mechanical strength, biomimetic structure and prolonged biomolecule release but also excellent cell delivery capability with uniform cell distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 00852, HONG KONG
| | - Chong Wang
- Dongguan University of Technology, 12N206,School of Mechanical Engineering,, Dongguan University of Technology, No.1 University Rd, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, CHINA
| | - Jia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 18,Zhongshan No.2 Rd, Baise, Guangxi, 533099, CHINA
| | - Shangsi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, 00852, HONG KONG
| | - Chaoyu Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Shiningbiotek Company Limited, Shenzhen Shiningbiotek Company Limited, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, Shenzhen, 518101, CHINA
| | - Xiangxuan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, 1 Daxue Rd, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, CHINA
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, 12N207,School of Mechanical Engineering,, Dongguan University of Technology, No.1 University Rd, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, CHINA
| | - Yue Pan
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, CHINA
| | - Yuancai Xie
- Department of Thoracic, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, CHINA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, HONG KONG
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Khan MA, Sprockel AJ, Macmillan KA, Alting MT, Kharal SP, Boakye-Ansah S, Haase MF. Nanostructured, Fluid-Bicontinuous Gels for Continuous-Flow Liquid-Liquid Extraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109547. [PMID: 35305279 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluid-bicontinuous gels are unique materials that allow two distinct fluids to interact through a percolating, rigid scaffold. Current restrictions for their use are the large fluid-channel sizes (>5 µm), limiting the fluid-fluid interaction surface-area, and the inability to flow liquids through the channels. In this work a scalable synthesis route of nanoparticle stabilized fluid-bicontinuous gels with channels sizes below 500 nm and specific surface areas of 2 m2 cm-3 is introduced. Moreover, it is demonstrated that liquids can be pumped through the fluid-bicontinuous gels via electroosmosis. The fast liquid flow in the fluid-bicontinuous gel facilitates their use for molecular separations in continuous-flow liquid-liquid extraction. Together with the high surface areas, liquid flow through fluid-bicontinuous gels enhances their potential as highly permeable porous materials with possible uses as microreaction media, fuel-cell components, and separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd A Khan
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Alessio J Sprockel
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine A Macmillan
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Meyer T Alting
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Shankar P Kharal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | | | - Martin F Haase
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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Cao TT, Yabu H, Huh DS. Flower-like ordered porous array by combination of breath figure and layer-by-layer technique. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Qian X, Peng G, Ge L, Wu D. Water-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by the starch nanocrystals with various surface modifications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1613-1624. [PMID: 34592548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Using the platelet-like starch nanocrystals (SNCs) to stabilize emulsions is attractive because as-prepared emulsions have promising applications in cosmetics and food fields. Limited studies mainly focus on the oil-in-water system, and another important system, the water-in-water emulsions stabilized by SNCs, has not yet been unveiled. EXPERIMENTS Two surface modification strategies, crosslinking and acetylation, were applied to tune surface property and aggregation of SNCs, and a common all-aqueous system (dextran/poly(ethylene glycol)) was used here as template. The viscoelasticity and morphology of emulsions were studied in terms of the SNC loadings and polymer ratios. FINDINGS Crosslinking results in aggregation of SNCs, and the particle size increases (from 110 nm to 370 nm) with increased levels of substitution. This favors improving emulsifying ability of particles. Acetylation decreases the particle size (∼90 nm) and weakens the affinity of SNCs to the two aqueous phases, improving the emulsifying efficiency of SNCs. More intriguingly, the two emulsion systems show different phase inversion behaviors. The depletion-stabilization mechanism for the cross-linked SNCs and the diffusion-controlled mechanism for the acetylated SNCs are proposed using the emulsion viscoelasticity as probe. This study makes a comprehensive insight into the regulation of water-in-water emulsion morphology and types with the platelet-like SNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Guangni Peng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Defeng Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratories of Environmental Engineering & Materials, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China.
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Shekhar C, Kiran A, Mehandia V, Dugyala VR, Sabapathy M. Droplet-Bijel-Droplet Transition in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Stabilized by Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles: A Simple Pathway to Fabricate Bijels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7055-7066. [PMID: 34096292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel yet straightforward methodology of stabilizing aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) using oppositely charged nanoparticles (OCNPs). We employ commercial-grade, Ludox, OCNPs to induce self-assembly. This self-assembly route promotes the stronger adsorption of nanoparticles at the water-water interface by triggering the formation of 2D and 3D aggregates of varying sizes and shapes. The interplay of this size and shape promotes stability due to increased Gibbs detachment energy and modulates the resulting cluster adsorption at the interface, thereby the structural state of emulsions. We demonstrate the influence of polymers' and particles' composition on the structural transformation from droplet-bijel-droplet using a phase diagram. For the first time, such a structural transition and the single pathway are reported within the domain of ATPS to produce stable bijels or colloidal capsules. It is asserted that the essential condition of three-phase contact angle (θ) = 90° to favor the formation of bijels can be established by selecting a suitable experimental condition using a phase diagram without employing any complicated surface modification procedures reported in the literature. Further, the mechanistic route favoring the formation of bijels and emulsion droplets at different experimental regimes is presented based on the empirical study using turbidity and zeta potential measurements. These studies reveal that the formation of bijels will be most favored when the parameter M (ratio of weight fraction of positively charged nanoparticles to negatively charged nanoparticles) is chosen between 0.7 and 4. It is intriguing to note the fact that, while the droplets stabilized by OCNPs have shown good resilience under high centrifugal action, the bijels produced in this way continued to remain stable for a long time, offering a facile route to prepare the bijels with a hierarchical bicontinuous network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Vishwajeet Mehandia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Venkateshwar Rao Dugyala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Manigandan Sabapathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
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