1
|
Cai J, Li Y, Wei L, Xue J, Lin N, Zha X, Fang G. Recovery of Chlorosilane Residual Liquid to Prepare Nano-Silica via the Reverse Micro-Emulsion Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6912. [PMID: 37959508 PMCID: PMC10648762 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, nano-silica particles were prepared from chlorosilane residue liquid using an inverse micro-emulsions system formed from octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether (TX-100)/n-hexanol/cyclohexane/ammonia. The influence of different reaction conditions on the morphology, particle size, and dispersion of nano-silica particles was investigated via single-factor analysis. When the concentration of chlorosilane residue liquid (0.08 mol/L), hydrophile-lipophilic-balance (HLB) values (10.50), and the concentration of ammonia (0.58 mol/L) were under suitable conditions, the nano-silica particles had a more uniform morphology, smaller particle size, and better dispersion, while the size of the nano-silica particles gradually increased with the increase in the molar ratio of water to surfactant (ω). The prepared nano-silica was characterized through XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption/desorption experiments, and TG-DSC analysis. The results showed that the prepared nano-silica was amorphous mesoporous silica, and that the BET specific surface area was 850.5 m2/g. It also had good thermal stability. When the temperature exceeded 1140 °C, the nano-silica underwent a phase transition from an amorphous form to crystalline. This method not only promoted the sustainable development of the polysilicon industry, it also provided new ideas for the protection of the ecological environment, the preparation of environmental functional materials, and the recycling of resources and energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Cai
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Youwen Li
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Lianghuan Wei
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Jiangpeng Xue
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Ning Lin
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Xianghao Zha
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Guodong Fang
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahtabani A, La Zara D, Niittymäki M, Anyszka R, Rytöluoto I, He X, Saarimäki E, Seri P, Saedy S, Lahti K, Paajanen M, van Ommen JR, Dierkes W, Blume A. Molecular Layer Deposition of Polyurea on Silica Nanoparticles and Its Application in Dielectric Nanocomposites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:11736-11747. [PMID: 37377502 PMCID: PMC10291639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (NCs) offer outstanding potential for dielectric applications including insulation materials. The large interfacial area introduced by the nanoscale fillers plays a major role in improving the dielectric properties of NCs. Therefore, an effort to tailor the properties of these interfaces can lead to substantial improvement of the material's macroscopic dielectric response. Grafting electrically active functional groups to the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) in a controlled manner can yield reproducible alterations in charge trapping and transport as well as space charge phenomena in nanodielectrics. In the present study, fumed silica NPs are surface modified with polyurea from phenyl diisocyanate (PDIC) and ethylenediamine (ED) via molecular layer deposition (MLD) in a fluidized bed. The modified NPs are then incorporated into a polymer blend based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-octene-copolymer (EOC), and their morphological and dielectric properties are investigated. We demonstrate the alterations in the electronic structure of silica upon depositing urea units using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Subsequently, the effect of urea functionalization on the dielectric properties of NCs is studied using thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) methods. The DFT calculations reveal the contribution of both shallow and deep traps upon deposition of urea units onto the NPs. It could be concluded that the deposition of polyurea on NPs results in a bi-modal distribution of trap depths that are related to each monomer in the urea units and can lead to a reduction of space charge formation at filler-polymer interfaces. MLD offers a promising tool for tailoring the interfacial interactions in dielectric NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mahtabani
- Faculty
of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces
& Systems (MS3), Chair of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Damiano La Zara
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Minna Niittymäki
- High
Voltage Engineering, Tampere University, P.O. Box 1001, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Rafał Anyszka
- Faculty
of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces
& Systems (MS3), Chair of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ilkka Rytöluoto
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1001, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Xiaozhen He
- Faculty
of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces
& Systems (MS3), Chair of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eetta Saarimäki
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1001, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Paolo Seri
- Department
of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo
Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Saeed Saedy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Kari Lahti
- High
Voltage Engineering, Tampere University, P.O. Box 1001, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Paajanen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1001, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - J. Ruud van Ommen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Wilma Dierkes
- Faculty
of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces
& Systems (MS3), Chair of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Blume
- Faculty
of Engineering Technology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces
& Systems (MS3), Chair of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The advancements in nanotechnology have quickly developed a new subject with vast applications of nanostructured materials in medicine and pharmaceuticals. The enormous surface-to-volume ratio, ease of surface modification, outstanding biocompatibility, and, in the case of mesoporous nanoparticles, the tunable pore size make the silica nanoparticles (SNPs) a promising candidate for nano-based medical applications. The preparation of SNPs and their contemporary usage as drug carriers, contrast agents for imaging, carrier of photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic, as well as photothermal treatments are intensely discussed in this review. Furthermore, the potential harmful responses of silica nanoparticles are reviewed using data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments conducted by several studies. Moreover, we showcase the engineering of SNPs for the theranostic applications that can address several intrinsic limitations of conventional therapeutics and diagnostics. In the end, a personal perspective was outlined to state SNPs’ current status and future directions, focusing on SNPs’ significant potentiality and opportunities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Post-Synthesis Strategies to Prepare Mesostructured and Hierarchical Silicates for Liquid Phase Catalytic Epoxidation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin epoxidation is an important transformation for the chemical valorization of olefins, which may derive from renewable sources or domestic/industrial waste. Different post-synthesis strategies were employed to introduce molybdenum species into mesostructured and hierarchical micro-mesoporous catalysts of the type TUD-1 and BEA, respectively, to confer epoxidation activity for the conversion of relatively bulky olefins (e.g., biobased methyl oleate, DL-limonene) to epoxide products, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. The influences of (i) the type of metal precursor, (ii) type of post-synthesis impregnation method, (iii) type of support and (iv) top-down versus bottom-up synthesis methodologies were studied to achieve superior catalytic performances. Higher epoxidation activity was achieved for a material prepared via (post-synthesis) incipient wetness impregnation of MoO2(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetonate) on (pre-treated) siliceous TUD-1 and calcination; for example, methyl oleate was converted to the corresponding epoxide with 100% selectivity at 89% conversion (70 °C). Catalytic and solid-state characterization studies were conducted to shed light on material stability phenomena.
Collapse
|
5
|
Surface Chemistry of Nanohybrids with Fumed Silica Functionalized by Polydimethylsiloxane/Dimethyl Carbonate Studied Using 1H, 13C, and 29Si Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195974. [PMID: 34641517 PMCID: PMC8512228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of molecular interactions between a silica surface and organic/inorganic polymers is crucial for deeper understanding of the dominant mechanisms of surface functionalization. In this work, attachment of various depolymerized polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) of different chain lengths, affected by dimethyl carbonate (DMC), to silica nanoparticles pretreated at different temperatures has been studied using 29Si, 1H, and 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The results show that grafting of different modifier blends onto a preheated silica surface depends strongly on the specific surface area (SSA) linked to the silica nanoparticle size distributions affecting all textural characteristics. The pretreatment at 400 °C results in a greater degree of the modification of (i) A-150 (SSA = 150 m2/g) by PDMS-10/DMC and PDMS-1000/DMC blends; (ii) A-200 by PDMS-10/DMC and PDMS-100/DMC blends; and (iii) A-300 by PDMS-100/DMC and PDMS-1000/DMC blends. The spectral features observed using solid-state NMR spectroscopy suggest that the main surface products of the reactions of various depolymerized PDMS with pretreated nanosilica particles are the (CH3)3SiO-[(CH3)2SiO-]x fragments. The reactions occur with the siloxane bond breakage by DMC and replacing surface hydroxyls. Changes in the chemical shifts and line widths, as shown by solid-state NMR, provide novel information on the whole structure of functionalized nanosilica particles. This study highlights the major role of solid-state NMR spectroscopy for comprehensive characterization of functionalized solid surfaces.
Collapse
|