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Zhan H, Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Liang H, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhao L, Feng S, Liu Y. Versatile bubble maneuvering on photopyroelectric slippery surfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6158. [PMID: 37789018 PMCID: PMC10547833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Contactless bubble manipulation with a high spatiotemporal resolution brings a qualitative leap forward in a variety of applications. Despite considerable advances, light-induced bubble maneuvering remains challenging in terms of robust transportation, splitting and detachment. Here, a photopyroelectric slippery surface (PESS) with a sandwich structure is constructed to achieve the versatile bubble manipulation. Due to the generated dielectric wetting and nonuniform electric field under the irradiation of near infrared (NIR) light, a bubble is subject to both the Laplace force and dielectrophoresis force, enabling a high-efficiency bubble steering. We demonstrate that the splitting, merging and detachment of underwater bubbles can be achieved with high flexibility and precision, high velocity and agile direction maneuverability. We further extend the capability of bubble control to microrobots for cargo transportation, micropart assembly and transmission of gear structures. We envision this robust bubble manipulation strategy on the PESS would provide a valuable platform for various bubble-involved processes, ranging from microfluidic devices to soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zichao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shile Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yahua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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Tian P, Xia L, Zhu W, Wang H, Jiang D. Effects of Liquid Viscosity on the Formation and Attenuation of Capillary Waves Induced by AC Electrowetting-on-Dielectric. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:265-273. [PMID: 36534737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The capillary waves induced by electrowetting-on-dielectric have great potential in terms of capillary propulsion and other applications. At present, these applications are limited by a lack of research on the effects of liquid viscosity, which is an important parameter in controlling this phenomenon. This paper examines the formation, propagation, and attenuation of electrowetting-on-dielectric-induced capillary waves (EWCWs) on a liquid-free surface with different levels of liquid viscosity. The formation and propagation of the capillary waves are visualized using a high-speed camera and a free-surface synthetic Schlieren method. A theoretical model is established to describe the wave amplitude and wave propagation of EWCWs. The results show that the liquid viscosity, as well as the surface tension, significantly affects the formation and propagation of EWCWs. Using the results presented in this paper, a new type of Stokes viscometer based on EWCWs is proposed, enabling accurate measurements of liquid viscosity over a wide range of viscosity and temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Dongyue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
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Zhou Y, Dai L, Jiao N. Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1068. [PMID: 35888885 PMCID: PMC9324494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liguo Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Niandong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Xiao K, Wu CX. Droplet dynamics driven by electrowetting. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064609. [PMID: 35854554 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Even though electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a useful strategy in a wide array of biological and engineering processes with numerous droplet-manipulation applications, there is still a lack of complete theoretical interpretation on the dynamics of electrowetting. In this paper we present an effective theoretical model and use the Onsager variational principle to successfully derive general dynamic shape equations for electrowetting droplets in both the overdamped and underdamped regimes. It is found that the spreading and retraction dynamics of a droplet on EWOD substrates can be fairly well captured by our model, which agrees with previous experimental results very well in the overdamped regime. We also confirm that the transient dynamics of EW can be characterized by a timescale independent of liquid viscosity, droplet size, and applied voltage. Our model provides a complete fundamental explanation of EW-driven spreading dynamics, which is important for a wide range of applications, from self-cleaning to novel optical and digital microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xu Wu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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