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Jiang QC, Iwai T, Jo M, Hosomi T, Yanagida T, Uchida K, Hashimoto K, Nakazono T, Yamada Y, Kobayashi A, Takizawa SY, Masai H, Terao J. Insulated π-Conjugated Azido Scaffolds for Stepwise Functionalization via Huisgen Cycloaddition on Metal Oxide Surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403717. [PMID: 39046075 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
In organic-inorganic hybrid devices, fine interfacial controls by organic components directly affect the device performance. However, fabrication of uniformed interfaces using π-conjugated molecules remains challenging due to facile aggregation by their strong π-π interaction. In this report, a π-conjugated scaffold insulated by covalently linked permethylated α-cyclodextrin moiety with an azido group is synthesized for surface Huisgen cycloaddition on metal oxides. Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful immobilization of the insulated azido scaffold on ZnO nanowire array surfaces. Owing to the highly independent immobilization, the scaffold allows rapid and complete conversion of the surface azido group in Huisgen cycloaddition reactions with ethynyl-terminated molecules, as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy monitoring. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of modified indium tin oxide substrates shows the positive effects of cyclic insulation toward suppression of intermolecular interaction between molecules introduced by the surface Huisgen cycloaddition reactions. The utility of the scaffold for heterogeneous catalysis is demonstrated in electrocatalytic selective O2 reduction to H2O2 with cobalt(II) chlorin modified fluorine doped tin oxide electrode and photocatalytic H2 generation with iridium(III) dye-sensitized Pt-loaded TiO2 nanoparticle. These results highlight the potential of the insulated azido scaffold for a stepwise functionalization process, enabling precise and well-defined hybrid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chun Jiang
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Morihiro Jo
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ken Uchida
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakazono
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North-10 West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Li T, Dief EM, Kalužná Z, MacGregor M, Foroutan-Nejad C, Darwish N. On-Surface Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction: Does It Click with Ruthenium Catalysts? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5532-5541. [PMID: 35470670 PMCID: PMC9097529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its simplicity, selectivity, high yield, and the absence of byproducts, the "click" azide-alkyne reaction is widely used in many areas. The reaction is usually catalyzed by copper(I), which selectively produces the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole regioisomer. Ruthenium-based catalysts were later developed to selectively produce the opposite regioselectivity─the 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole isomer. Ruthenium-based catalysis, however, remains only tested for click reactions in solution, and the suitability of ruthenium catalysts for surface-based click reactions remains unknown. Also unknown are the electrical properties of the 1,4- and 1,5-regioisomers, and to measure them, both isomers need to be assembled on the electrode surface. Here, we test whether ruthenium catalysts can be used to catalyze surface azide-alkyne reactions to produce 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, and compare their electrochemical properties, in terms of surface coverages and electron transfer kinetics, to those of the compound formed by copper catalysis, 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole isomer. Results show that ruthenium(II) complexes catalyze the click reaction on surfaces yielding the 1,5-disubstituted isomer, but the rate of the reaction is remarkably slower than that of the copper-catalyzed reaction, and this is related to the size of the catalyst involved as an intermediate in the reaction. The electron transfer rate constant (ket) for the ruthenium-catalyzed reaction is 30% of that measured for the copper-catalyzed 1,4-isomer. The lower conductivity of the 1,5-isomer is confirmed by performing nonequilibrium Green's function computations on relevant model systems. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of ruthenium-based catalysis of surface click reactions and point toward an electrical method for detecting the isomers of click reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School
of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Essam M. Dief
- School
of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Zlatica Kalužná
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224Warsaw, Poland
- University
of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5, 00-092Warsaw, Poland
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford
Park, South Australia5042, Australia
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School
of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Li W, Nagashima K, Hosomi T, Liu J, Takahashi T, Zhang G, Tanaka W, Kanai M, Yanagida T. Core-Shell Metal Oxide Nanowire Array to Analyze Adsorption Behaviors of Volatile Molecules. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Jiangyang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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