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Guido V, Olivieri PH, Brito ML, Prezoto BC, Martinez DST, Oliva MLV, Sousa AA. Stealth and Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles through Surface Coating with a Zwitterionic Derivative of Glutathione. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12167-12178. [PMID: 38808371 PMCID: PMC11171461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) hold promise in biomedicine, but challenges like aggregation, protein corona formation, and insufficient biocompatibility must be thoroughly addressed before advancing their clinical applications. Designing AuNPs with specific protein corona compositions is challenging, and strategies for corona elimination, such as coating with polyethylene glycol (PEG), have limitations. In this study, we introduce a commercially available zwitterionic derivative of glutathione, glutathione monoethyl ester (GSHzwt), for the surface coating of colloidal AuNPs. Particles coated with GSHzwt were investigated alongside four other AuNPs coated with various ligands, including citrate ions, tiopronin, glutathione, cysteine, and PEG. We then undertook a head-to-head comparison of these AuNPs to assess their behavior in biological fluid. GSHzwt-coated AuNPs exhibited exceptional resistance to aggregation and protein adsorption. The particles could also be readily functionalized with biotin and interact with streptavidin receptors in human plasma. Additionally, they exhibited significant blood compatibility and noncytotoxicity. In conclusion, GSHzwt provides a practical and easy method for the surface passivation of AuNPs, creating "stealth" particles for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius
S. Guido
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of São
Paulo, São
Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Olivieri
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of São
Paulo, São
Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Milena L. Brito
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Benedito C. Prezoto
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology, the Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Diego S. T. Martinez
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza V. Oliva
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of São
Paulo, São
Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Alioscka A. Sousa
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of São
Paulo, São
Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
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2
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Chen MM, Tang X, Li JJ, Chen FY, Jiang ZT, Fu R, Li HB, Hu XY, Geng WC, Guo DS. Active targeting tumor therapy using host-guest drug delivery system based on biotin functionalized azocalix[4]arene. J Control Release 2024; 368:691-702. [PMID: 38492860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Host-guest drug delivery systems (HGDDSs) provided a facile method for incorporating biomedical functions, including efficient drug-loading, passive targeting, and controlled drug release. However, developing HGDDSs with active targeting is hindered by the difficult functionalization of popular macrocycles. Herein, we report an active targeting HGDDS based on biotin-modified sulfonated azocalix[4]arene (Biotin-SAC4A) to efficiently deliver drug into cancer cells for improving anti-tumor effect. Biotin-SAC4A was synthesized by amide condensation and azo coupling. Biotin-SAC4A demonstrated hypoxia responsive targeting and active targeting through azo and biotin groups, respectively. DOX@Biotin-SAC4A, which was prepared by loading doxorubicin (DOX) in Biotin-SAC4A, was evaluated for tumor targeting and therapy in vitro and in vivo. DOX@Biotin-SAC4A formulation effectively killed cancer cells in vitro and more efficiently delivered DOX to the lesion than the similar formulation without active targeting. Therefore, DOX@Biotin-SAC4A significantly improved the in vivo anti-tumor effect of free DOX. The facilely prepared Biotin-SAC4A offers strong DOX complexation, active targeting, and hypoxia-triggered release, providing a favorable host for effective breast cancer chemotherapy in HGDDSs. Moreover, Biotin-SAC4A also has potential to deliver agents for other therapeutic modalities and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xingchen Tang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ze-Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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3
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Boselli L, Castagnola V, Armirotti A, Benfenati F, Pompa PP. Biomolecular Corona of Gold Nanoparticles: The Urgent Need for Strong Roots to Grow Strong Branches. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306474. [PMID: 38085683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are largely employed in diagnostics/biosensors and are among the most investigated nanomaterials in biology/medicine. However, few GNP-based nanoformulations have received FDA approval to date, and promising in vitro studies have failed to translate to in vivo efficacy. One key factor is that biological fluids contain high concentrations of proteins, lipids, sugars, and metabolites, which can adsorb/interact with the GNP's surface, forming a layer called biomolecular corona (BMC). The BMC can mask prepared functionalities and target moieties, creating new surface chemistry and determining GNPs' biological fate. Here, the current knowledge is summarized on GNP-BMCs, analyzing the factors driving these interactions and the biological consequences. A partial fingerprint of GNP-BMC analyzing common patterns of composition in the literature is extrapolated. However, a red flag is also risen concerning the current lack of data availability and regulated form of knowledge on BMC. Nanomedicine is still in its infancy, and relying on recently developed analytical and informatic tools offers an unprecedented opportunity to make a leap forward. However, a restart through robust shared protocols and data sharing is necessary to obtain "stronger roots". This will create a path to exploiting BMC for human benefit, promoting the clinical translation of biomedical nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boselli
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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Wang J, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Jia J, Jiao P, Liu Y, Su G. Modulating the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles by controlling protein corona formation: Recent advances and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169590. [PMID: 38154635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development and widespread application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), understanding the fundamental interactions between ENPs and biological systems is essential to assess and predict the fate of ENPs in vivo. When ENPs are exposed to complex physiological environments, biomolecules quickly and inevitably adsorb to ENPs to form a biomolecule corona, such as a protein corona (PC). The formed PC has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of ENPs and gives them a brand new identity in the biological environment, which determines the subsequent ENP-cell/tissue/organ interactions. Controlling the formation of PCs is therefore of utmost importance to accurately predict and optimize the behavior of ENPs within living organisms, as well as ensure the safety of their applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of the PC, including the formation mechanism, composition, and frequently used characterization techniques. We comprehensively discuss the potential impact of the PC on ENP toxicity, including cytotoxicity, immune response, and so on. Additionally, we summarize recent advancements in manipulating PC formation on ENPs to achieve the desired biological outcomes. We further discuss the challenges and prospects, aiming to provide valuable insights for a better understanding and prediction of ENP behaviors in vivo, as well as the development of low-toxicity ENPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510001, China; Center for Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510001 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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5
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Jang GJ, Jeong JY, Kang J, Cho W, Han SY. Size Dependence Unveiling the Adsorption Interaction of High-Density Lipoprotein Particles with PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles in Biomolecular Corona Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9755-9763. [PMID: 34347501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins have been often found to be highly enriched in the serum protein coronas produced on various engineered nanoparticles (NPs), which is also known to greatly influence the behaviors of protein corona NPs in the biological systems. As most of the apolipoproteins in blood are associated with lipoproteins, it suggests the active involvement of lipoproteins in the formation of biomolecular coronas on NPs. However, the interactions of lipoprotein complexes with NPs in the corona formation have been rarely understood. In this study, to obtain insights into the interactions, the formation of biomolecular coronas of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) on the PEGylated gold NPs (PEG-AuNPs) of various sizes (20-150 nm dia.) was investigated as a model system. The results of this study revealed a noticeable size dependence, which is a drastic increase in the affinity of HDL for larger NPs and thus less-curved NP surfaces. For example, only a few HDLs per NP, which correspond to 5% surface coverage, were found to constitute the hard coronas of HDLs on 20 nm PEG-AuNPs, whereas 73% surface coverage was assessed for larger 150 nm PEG-AuNPs. However, the relative affinities of HDL and apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1) examined in competition with human serum albumin exhibited the opposite size dependences, which suggests that the adsorption of HDLs is not driven by the constituent protein, APOA1. In fact, the total strength of non-covalent intermolecular interactions between a HDL particle and a NP relies on the physical contact between the two particles, which thus depends on the varying curvatures of spherical NPs in this case. Therefore, it was concluded that it is whole HDL complex that interacts with the spherical PEG-AuNPs in the initial stage of adsorption toward biomolecular coronas, which is unveiled by the distinct size dependence observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwi Ju Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonryeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
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