1
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Acharjee D, Panda MK, Mahato AB, Das A, Ghosh S. Evidence of carrier diffusion between emission states in CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots: a comprehensive investigation combining fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS) and single dot photoluminescence studies. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39263802 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of carrier dynamics in CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) is performed using fluorescence-lifetime-correlation-spectroscopy (FLCS) and single-dot PL blinking studies. The origin of an emitted photon from a QD in an FLCS study is assigned to either an exciton state or trap state based on its excited state lifetime (τfl). Subsequently, two intrastate autocorrelation functions (ACFs) representing the exciton and trap states and one cross-correlation function (CCF) coupling these two states are constructed. Interestingly, the timescales of carrier diffusion (τR) show striking similarities across all three correlation functions, which further correlate with τR of the conventional FCS. However, ACFs notably deviate from the CCF in their μs progression patterns, with the latter showing growth, whereas the former ones display decay. This implies inter-state carrier diffusions leading to the QD blinking. Further study of single particle PL blinking on a surface-immobilized QD indicates shallow trap states near the band edge cause the blinking at low excitation power, while trion recombination becomes an additional contributing factor at higher pump power. Overall, the results highlight not only an excellent correlation between these two techniques but also the potential of our approach for achieving an accurate and comprehensive understanding of carrier dynamics in CdSe/ZnS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopam Acharjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Mrinal Kanti Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Asit Baran Mahato
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Ayendrila Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences (CIS), National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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2
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Parvin N, Kumar V, Joo SW, Mandal TK. Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Healthcare. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1085. [PMID: 38998691 PMCID: PMC11243447 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and carbon 2D nanosheets (graphene, graphene oxide, and graphdiyne), have shown remarkable potential in various biological applications. CQDs offer tunable photoluminescence and excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy. Additionally, CQDs' unique properties enable bioimaging-guided therapy and targeted imaging of biomolecules. On the other hand, carbon 2D nanosheets exhibit exceptional physicochemical attributes, with graphene excelling in biosensing and bioimaging, also in drug delivery and antimicrobial applications, and graphdiyne in tissue engineering. Their properties, such as tunable porosity and high surface area, contribute to controlled drug release and enhanced tissue regeneration. However, challenges, including long-term biocompatibility and large-scale synthesis, necessitate further research. Potential future directions encompass theranostics, immunomodulation, neural interfaces, bioelectronic medicine, and expanding bioimaging capabilities. In summary, both CQDs and carbon 2D nanosheets hold promise to revolutionize biomedical sciences, offering innovative solutions and improved therapies in diverse biological contexts. Addressing current challenges will unlock their full potential and can shape the future of medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (V.K.)
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3
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Bhunia S, Mukherjee M, Purkayastha P. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: prospects for photoinduced electron transfer and energy harvesting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3370-3378. [PMID: 38444358 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Research on noble metal nanoclusters (MNCs) (elements with filled electron d-bands) is progressing forward because of the extensive and extraordinary chemical, optical, and physical properties of these materials. Because of the ultrasmall size of the MNCs (typically within 1-3 nm), they can be applied in areas of nearly all possible scientific domains. The greatest advantage of MNCs is the tunability that can be imposed, not only on their structures, but also on their chemical, physical, and biological properties. Nowadays, MNCs are very effectively used as energy donors and acceptors under suitable conditions and hence act as energy harvesters in solar cells, semiconductors, and biomarkers. In addition, ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer (PET) can be practised using MNCs under various circumstances. Herein, we have focused on the energy harvesting phenomena of Au-, Ag-, and Cu-based MNCs and elaborated on different ways to apply them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Bhunia
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
| | - Manish Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India.
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Sadhu VA, Jha S, Park TJ, Kailasa SK. Green Emissive Molybdenum Nanoclusters for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Hydroxyl Radical in Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03578-5. [PMID: 38190011 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this work, Cassia tora (C. tora) have been used as a template to synthesize green fluorescent C. tora molybdenum nanoclusters (C. tora-MoNCs) through a green chemistry approach. These C. tora-MoNCs showed a quantum yield (QY) of 7.72% and exhibited a significant emission peak at 498 nm when excited at 380 nm. The as-prepared C. tora-MoNCs had an average size of 3.48 ± 0.80 nm and showed different surface functionality. The as-synthesized C. tora-MoNCs were successfully identified the hydroxyl radical (•OH) via a fluorescence quenching mechanism. Also, fluorescence lifetime and Stern-Volmer proved that after the addition of •OH radicals it was quenched the fluorescence intensity via a static quenching mechanism. The limit of detection is 9.13 nM, and this approach was successfully utilized for sensing •OH radicals in water samples with a good recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Atulbhai Sadhu
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, 395 007, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Jha
- ASPEE Shakilam Biotechnology Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, 39500, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, 395 007, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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5
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Mahato P, Thomas AS, Yadav R, Rai S, Shekhar S, Mukherjee S. Solvent-Induced Modulation in the Optical Properties of Copper Nanoclusters and Revealing the Isomeric Effect of Templates. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300442. [PMID: 37368476 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The solvent plays an influential role in controlling the nucleation process of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) and thereby significantly modulates their optical signatures. Herein, we have demonstrated the solvent-induced modulation in the optical properties of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs), primarily governed by the solvent polarity. During the preparation of para-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-templated CuNCs, the simultaneous formation of blue-emitting CuNCs (B-CuNCs) and red-emitting CuNCs (R-CuNCs) were observed up to 7 h of reaction time, reflected from the systematic increment in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity at 420 nm and 615 nm, respectively. However, after 7 h of reaction time, the exclusive formation of B-CuNCs was observed. Such simultaneous growth and depletion dynamics of CuNCs result in a significant modulation in their optical properties. The variation of the solvent from water to less polar solvents such as DMSO and DMF restricts this inter-cluster dynamics by stabilizing both the CuNCs (B-CuNCs and R-CuNCs). Thereby, a single-component White Light Emission (WLE) was realized in DMSO with CIE coordinates (0.37, 0.36). The isomeric effect of the templates has also been investigated which extensively controls the optical and catalytic properties of the CuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amar S Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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6
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Cao Z, Liu R, Wang C, Lin S, Wang L, Pang Y. Fluorescence-Activating and Absorption-Shifting Nanoprobes for Anaerobic Tracking of Gut Microbiota Derived Vesicles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2279-2293. [PMID: 36735721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are crucial for bacterial intercellular communication and the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its host. Methods capable of visualizing gut microbiota derived OMVs would be of great significance but have been rarely reported. Here, nanoprobes carrying a fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag are prepared by combining genetic engineering and antibiotic-boosted vesicle formation and release. Benefiting from their natural structure and molecular oxygen-independent emission, the resulting nanovesicles can be applied as endogenous fluorescence probes to anaerobically track gut microbiota associated OMVs. These nanoprobes show flexibility in on-demand fluorescence turn-on/off and reversibly switchable emission bands for intelligent and dual-color imaging. With these special characteristics, the behaviors of microbiota OMVs to not only inhibit specific pathogenic strains through membrane fusion but also repair the intestinal barrier via entering intestinal epithelia and promoting the expressions of tight junctions are tracked and identified in the gut. Based on these discoveries, OMVs are disclosed to be able to remit inflammation in a murine model of colitis following transplantation to the intestine by oral delivery. This work provides an approach to visualize the dynamics of the gut microbiota and disclose potential targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sisi Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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7
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Fabrication of water-soluble blue emitting molybdenum nanoclusters for sensitive detection of cancer drug methotrexate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Krishnapriya TK, Prasanth S, Deepti A, Baby Chakrapani PS, Asha AS, Jayaraj MK. Ultrafast detection of folic acid in nanomolar levels and cancer cell imaging using hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Li W, Zhou T, Sun W, Liu M, Wang X, Wang F, Zhang G, Zhang Z. A conjugated aptamer and oligonucleotides-stabilized gold nanoclusters nanoplatform for targeted fluorescent imaging and efficient drug delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Fe3O4/Graphene-Based Nanotheranostics for Bimodal Magnetic Resonance/Fluorescence Imaging and Cancer Therapy. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Lopes RC, Rocha BG, Maçôas EM, Marques EF, Martinho JM. Combining metal nanoclusters and carbon nanomaterials: Opportunities and challenges in advanced nanohybrids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102667. [PMID: 35462268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of functional materials with uniquely advanced properties lies at the core of nanoscience and nanotechnology. From the myriad possible combinations of organic and/or inorganic blocks, hybrids combining metal nanoclusters and carbon nanomaterials have emerged as highly attractive colloidal materials for imaging, sensing (optical and electrochemical) and catalysis, among other applications. While the metal nanoclusters provide extraordinary luminescent and electronic properties, the carbon nanomaterials (of zero, one or two dimensions) convey versatility, as well as unique interfacial, electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties, which altogether can be put to use for the desired application. Herein, we present an overview of the field, for experts and non-experts, encompassing the basic properties of the building blocks, a systematic view of the chemical preparation routes and physicochemical properties of the hybrids, and a critical analysis of their ongoing and emerging applications. Challenges and opportunities, including directions towards green chemistry approaches, are also discussed.
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12
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Fattahi Nafchi R, Ahmadi R, Heydari M, Rahimipour MR, Molaei MJ, Unsworth L. In Vitro Study: Synthesis and Evaluation of Fe 3O 4/CQD Magnetic/Fluorescent Nanocomposites for Targeted Drug Delivery, MRI, and Cancer Cell Labeling Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3804-3816. [PMID: 35294836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, first, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized using glutaric acid and then composited with CQDs. Doxorubicin (DOX) drug was loaded to evaluate the performance of the nanocomposite for targeted drug delivery applications. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of CQDs and Fe3O4. In the FTIR spectrum, the presence of carboxyl functional groups on Fe3O4/CQDs was observed; DOX (positive charge) is loaded onto Fe3O4/CQDs (negative charge) by electrostatic absorption. FESEM and AFM images showed that the particle sizes of Fe3O4 and CQDs were 23-75 and 1-3 nm, respectively. The hysteresis curves showed superparamagnetic properties for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/CQDs (57.3 and 8.4 emu/g). The Fe3O4 hysteresis curve showed superparamagnetic properties (Ms and Mr: 57.3 emu/g and 1.46 emu/g. The loading efficiency and capacity for Fe3O4/CQDs were 93.90% and 37.2 mg DOX/g MNP, respectively. DOX release from Fe3O4/CQDs in PBS showed pH-dependent release behavior where after 70 h at pH 5 and 7.4, about 50 and 21% of DOX were released. Fluorescence images of Fe3O4/CQD-treated cells showed that Fe3O4/CQDs are capable of labeling MCF-7 and HFF cells. Also, T2-weighted MRI scans of Fe3O4/CQDs in water exhibited high r2 relaxivity (86.56 mM-1 S-1). MTT assay showed that DOX-loaded Fe3O4/CQDs are highly biocompatible in contact with HFF cells (viability = 95%), but they kill MCF-7 cancer cells (viability = 45%). Therefore, the synthesized nanocomposite can be used in MRI, targeted drug delivery, and cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Fattahi Nafchi
- Department of Ceramics, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj 317878-316, Alborz, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Mojgan Heydari
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj 317878-316, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahimipour
- Department of Ceramics, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj 317878-316, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Molaei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Shahrood University of Technology (SUT), Shahrood 3619995-161, Semnan, Iran
| | - Larry Unsworth
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Yin XH, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Nanoparticles: Excellent Materials Yet Dangerous When They Become Airborne. TOXICS 2022; 10:50. [PMID: 35202237 PMCID: PMC8874650 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the rise and rapid development of nanoscale science and technology in the late 1980s, nanomaterials have been widely used in many areas including medicine, electronic products, crafts, textiles, and cosmetics, which have provided a lot of convenience to people's life. However, while nanomaterials have been fully utilized, their negative effects, also known as nano pollution, have become increasingly apparent. The adverse effects of nanomaterials on the environment and organisms are mainly based on the unique size and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs). NPs, as the basic unit of nanomaterials, generally refer to the ultrafine particles whose spatial scale are defined in the range of 1-100 nm. In this review, we mainly introduce the basic status of the types and applications of NPs, airborne NP pollution, and the relationship between airborne NP pollution and human diseases. There are many sources of airborne NP pollutants, including engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and non-engineered nanoparticles (NENPs). The NENPs can be further divided into those generated from natural activities and those produced by human activities. A growing number of studies have found that exposure to airborne NP pollutants can cause a variety of illnesses, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. To deal with the ever increasing numbers and types of NPs being unleashed to the air, we believe that extensive research is needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of NP pollution hazards and their impact mechanisms. Only in this way can we find the best solution and truly protect the safety and quality of life of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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14
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Chakraborty S, Mukherjee S. Effects of protecting groups on luminescent metal nanoclusters: spectroscopic signatures and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:29-47. [PMID: 34877943 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been established as next-generation fluorophores. Their biocompatible and non-toxic nature, along with excellent chemical- and photo-stability, enables them to find applications in multi-disciplinary areas. However, preparing NCs which are stable is always challenging, primarily owing to their small size and propensity to self-aggregate. In this review, we highlight a holistic approach as to how ligands and templates can monitor the stability of NCs, tune their spectroscopic signatures, and alter their applications. The role of small molecules of a large ligand in the preparation of NCs and their associated limitations are also discussed. We have summarized how these NCs can be utilized in sensing several metal ions, pH, viscosity and temperature of many systems which have biological relevance. Additionally, these luminescent metal NCs find usage in cell-imaging, discriminating between cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines and also targeting specific organelles within the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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15
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Prieto-Costas LA, Milton L, Quiñones-Jurgensen CM, Rivera JM. Screening and Quantification of the Encapsulation of Dyes in Supramolecular Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12681-12689. [PMID: 34665963 PMCID: PMC9886066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of therapeutic agents, such as drugs and vaccines, into colloidal particles offers an attractive strategy to enhance their efficacy. Previously, we reported the development of guanosine-based supramolecular colloidal particles suitable for encapsulating a broad array of guests ranging from small molecule drugs, like doxorubicin, to proteins, like GFP. Many biomedical applications of such particles require a precise determination of the amount of encapsulated therapeutic agents. Despite many studies describing the development of particle-based delivery systems, a general method for the precise and quick quantification of the encapsulated payload is still lacking. Here, we report a method based on flow cytometry measurements for complexes made from guanosine-based particles and a variety of commercially available fluorescent dyes. This method allows us to determine the apparent affinities of such dyes for two variants of these particles, which in turn provides insightful structure-affinity relationships. In contrast to the current methods, such as those that rely on fluorescence microscopy based on measurements of absorption/fluorescence of dissolved particles or on the supernatant of the solution, the reported method is suitable for high-throughput screening and more reproducible results. The protocol described here should be applicable to a wide variety of colloidal particles being developed around the world. Our group is currently expanding the scope to quantify the encapsulation of other molecules of biomedical interest, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Prieto-Costas
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Logan Milton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Carla M Quiñones-Jurgensen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - José M Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
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