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Jiao J, Ma C, Zhang L, Li F, Gao T, Wang L, Sin LT. Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Hexameric Quaternary Ammonium Salt Surfactant Tz-6C 12QC. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4396. [PMID: 38006120 PMCID: PMC10674742 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A hexameric quaternary ammonium salt surfactant Tz-6C12QC featuring a rigid triazine spacer and six ammonium groups was synthesized. The molecular structure and aggregation behavior of Tz-6C12QC were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, surface tension, conductivity, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, etc. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation was employed to investigate the self-assembly behavior of Tz-6C12QC at different concentrations. The rheological behavior of the polyacrylamide/Tz-6C12QC system was characterized by shear rheology. The results indicated that Tz-6C12QC exhibited superior surface activity and lower surface tension compared to conventional surfactants. Rheology analysis revealed that Tz-6C12QC had a significant viscosity reduction effect on polyacrylamide. DLS and TEM indicated that, as the concentration of Tz-6C12QC increased, monomer associations, spherical aggregations, vesicles, tubular micelles, and bilayer vesicles were sequentially formed in the solution. This study presents a synthetic approach for polysurfactants with a rigid spacer and sheds light on the self-assembly process of micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Jiao
- China-Spain Joint Laboratory on Material Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, 11th Street, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Chi Ma
- China-Spain Joint Laboratory on Material Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, 11th Street, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- China-Spain Joint Laboratory on Material Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, 11th Street, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang North New Area, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianxu Gao
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- China-Spain Joint Laboratory on Material Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, 11th Street, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Lee Tin Sin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Amengual J, Notaro-Roberts L, Nieh MP. Morphological control and modern applications of bicelles. Biophys Chem 2023; 302:107094. [PMID: 37659154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bicellar systems have become popularized as their rich morphology can be applied in biochemistry, physical chemistry, and drug delivery technology. To the biochemical field, bicelles are powerful model membranes for the study of transmembrane protein behavior, membrane transport, and environmental interactions with the cell. Their morphological responses to environmental changes reveal a profound fundamental understanding of physical chemistry related to the principle of self-assembly. Recently, they have also drawn significant attention as theranostic nanocarriers in biopharmaceutical and diagnostic research due to their superior cellular uptake compared to liposomes. It is evident that applications are becoming broader, demanding to understand how the bicelle will form and behave in various environments. To consolidate current works on the bicelle's modern applications, this review will discuss various effects of composition and environmental conditions on the morphology, phase behavior, and stability. Furthermore, various applications such as payload entrapment and polymerization templating are presented to demonstrate their versatility and chemical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Amengual
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Luke Notaro-Roberts
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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Choi S, Kang B, Yang E, Kim K, Kwak MK, Chang PS, Jung HS. Precise control of liposome size using characteristic time depends on solvent type and membrane properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4728. [PMID: 36959258 PMCID: PMC10036480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the sizes of liposomes is critical in drug delivery systems because it directly influences their cellular uptake, transportation, and accumulation behavior. Although hydrodynamic focusing has frequently been employed when synthesizing nano-sized liposomes, little is known regarding how flow characteristics determine liposome formation. Here, various sizes of homogeneous liposomes (50-400 nm) were prepared according to flow rate ratios in two solvents, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Relatively small liposomes formed in ethanol due to its low viscosity and high diffusivity, whereas larger, more poly-dispersed liposomes formed when using IPA as a solvent. This difference was investigated via numerical simulations using the characteristic time factor to predict the liposome size; this approach was also used to examine the flow characteristics inside the microfluidic channel. In case of the liposomes, the membrane rigidity also has a critical role in determining their size. The increased viscosity and packing density of the membrane by addition of cholesterol confirmed by fluorescence anisotropy and polarity lead to increase in liposome size (40-530 nm). However, the interposition of short-chain lipids de-aligned the bilayer membrane, leading to its degradation; this decreased the liposome size. Adding short-chain lipids linearly decreased the liposome size (130-230 nm), but at a shallower gradient than that of cholesterol. This analytical study expands the understanding of microfluidic environment in the liposome synthesis by offering design parameters and their relation to the size of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghak Choi
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Bongsu Kang
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Keesung Kim
- Research Inst. of Advanced. Materials, Collage of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Sup Jung
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Nbiocell Inc, Siheung SNU Start-up Campus, Gyeonggi-do, 15011, Republic of Korea.
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Krishnarjuna B, Marte J, Ravula T, Ramamoorthy A. Enhancing the stability and homogeneity of non-ionic polymer nanodiscs by tuning electrostatic interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:887-896. [PMID: 36566634 PMCID: PMC10838601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nanodisc technology is increasingly used for structural studies on membrane proteins and drug delivery. The development of synthetic polymer nanodiscs and the recent discovery of non-ionic inulin-based polymers have significantly broadened the scope of nanodiscs. While the lipid exchange and size flexibility properties of the self-assembled polymer-based nanodiscs are valuable for various applications, the non-ionic polymer nanodiscs are remarkably unique in that they enable the reconstitution of any protein, protein-protein complexes, or drugs irrespective of their charge. However, the non-ionic nature of the belt could influence the stability and size homogeneity of inulin-based polymer nanodiscs. In this study, we investigate the size stability and homogeneity of nanodiscs formed by non-ionic lipid-solubilizing polymers using different biophysical methods. Polymer nanodiscs containing zwitterionic DMPC and different ratios of DMPC:DMPG lipids were made using anionic SMA-EA or non-ionic pentyl-inulin polymers. Non-ionic polymer nanodiscs made using zwitterionic DMPC lipids produced a very broad elution profile on SEC due to their instability in the column, thus affecting sample monodispersity which was confirmed by DLS experiments that showed multiple peaks. However, the inclusion of anionic DMPG lipids improved the stability as observed from SEC and DLS profiles, which was further confirmed by TEM images. Whereas, anionic SMA-EA-based DMPC-nanodiscs showed excellent stability and size homogeneity when solubilizing zwitterionic lipids. The stability of DMPC:DMPG non-ionic polymer nanodiscs is attributed to the inter-nanodisc repulsion by the anionic-DMPG that prevents the uncontrolled collision and fusion of nanodiscs. Thus, the reported results demonstrate the use of electrostatic interactions to tune the solubility, stability, and size homogeneity of non-ionic polymer nanodiscs which are important features for enabling functional and atomic-resolution structural studies of membrane proteins, other lipid-binding molecules, and water-soluble biomolecules including cytosolic proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankala Krishnarjuna
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Joseph Marte
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Thirupathi Ravula
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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Taguchi S, Okamoto Y, Suga K, Jung HS, Umakoshi H. Preparation of Planar Lipid Bilayer Membrane by Utilizing Bicelles and Its Characterization. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.48.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Taguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | - Keishi Suga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Ho-Sup Jung
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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Choi S, Kang B, Shimanouchi T, Kim K, Jung H. Continuous preparation of bicelles using hydrodynamic focusing method for bicelle to vesicle transition. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-021-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBicelle is one of the most stable phospholipid assemblies, which has tremendous applications in the research areas for drug delivery or structural studies of membrane proteins owing to its bio-membrane mimicking characteristics and high thermal stability. However, the conventional preparation method for bicelle demands complicated manufacturing processes and a long time so that the continuous synthesis method of bicelle using microfluidic chip has been playing an important role to expand its feasibility. We verified the general availability of hydrodynamic focusing method with microfluidic chip for bicelle synthesis using various kinds of lipids which have a phase transition temperature ranged from − 2 to 41 °C. Bicelle can be formed only when the inside temperature of microfluidic chip was over the phase transition temperature. Moreover, the concentration condition for bicelle formation varied depending on the lipids. Furthermore, the transition process characteristics from bicelle to vesicle were analyzed by effective q-value, mixing time and dilution condition. We verified that the size of transition vesicles was controlled according to the effective q-value, mixing time, and temperature.
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