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Cardellini J, Ridolfi A, Donati M, Giampietro V, Severi M, Brucale M, Valle F, Bergese P, Montis C, Caselli L, Berti D. Probing the coverage of nanoparticles by biomimetic membranes through nanoplasmonics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:100-109. [PMID: 36842416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Although promising for biomedicine, the clinical translation of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is limited by low biocompatibility and stability in biological fluids. A common strategy to circumvent this drawback consists in disguising the active inorganic core with a lipid bilayer coating, reminiscent of the structure of the cell membrane to redefine the chemical and biological identity of NPs. While recent reports introduced membrane-coating procedures for NPs, a robust and accessible method to quantify the integrity of the bilayer coverage is not yet available. To fill this gap, we prepared SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) with different membrane coverage degrees and monitored their interaction with AuNPs by combining microscopic, scattering, and optical techniques. The membrane-coating on SiO2NPs induces spontaneous clustering of AuNPs, whose extent depends on the coating integrity. Remarkably, we discovered a linear correlation between the membrane coverage and a spectral descriptor for the AuNPs' plasmonic resonance, spanning a wide range of coating yields. These results provide a fast and cost-effective assay to monitor the compatibilization of NPs with biological environments, essential for bench tests and scale-up. In addition, we introduce a robust and scalable method to prepare SiO2NPs/AuNPs hybrids through spontaneous self-assembly, with a high-fidelity structural control mediated by a lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Cardellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands(1)
| | - Melissa Donati
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Brucale
- CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Caselli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden(1).
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Arnett LP, Rana R, Chung WWY, Li X, Abtahi M, Majonis D, Bassan J, Nitz M, Winnik MA. Reagents for Mass Cytometry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1166-1205. [PMID: 36696538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight detection [CyTOF]) is a bioanalytical technique that enables the identification and quantification of diverse features of cellular systems with single-cell resolution. In suspension mass cytometry, cells are stained with stable heavy-atom isotope-tagged reagents, and then the cells are nebulized into an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) instrument. In imaging mass cytometry, a pulsed laser is used to ablate ca. 1 μm2 spots of a tissue section. The plume is then transferred to the CyTOF, generating an image of biomarker expression. Similar measurements are possible with multiplexed ion bean imaging (MIBI). The unit mass resolution of the ICP-TOF-MS detector allows for multiparametric analysis of (in principle) up to 130 different parameters. Currently available reagents, however, allow simultaneous measurement of up to 50 biomarkers. As new reagents are developed, the scope of information that can be obtained by mass cytometry continues to increase, particularly due to the development of new small molecule reagents which enable monitoring of active biochemistry at the cellular level. This review summarizes the history and current state of mass cytometry reagent development and elaborates on areas where there is a need for new reagents. Additionally, this review provides guidelines on how new reagents should be tested and how the data should be presented to make them most meaningful to the mass cytometry user community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn P Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wilson Wai-Yip Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mahtab Abtahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Daniel Majonis
- Standard BioTools Canada Inc. (formerly Fluidigm Canada Inc.), 1380 Rodick Road, Suite 400, Markham, OntarioL3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Jay Bassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
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Arnett LP, Liu J, Zhang Y, Cho H, Lu E, Closson T, Allo B, Winnik MA. Biotinylated Lipid-Coated NaLnF 4 Nanoparticles: Demonstrating the Use of Lanthanide Nanoparticle-Based Reporters in Suspension and Imaging Mass Cytometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2525-2537. [PMID: 35167296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide nanoparticles (LnNPs) have the potential to be used as high-sensitivity mass tag reporters in mass cytometry immunoassays. For this application, however, the LnNPs must be made colloidally stable in aqueous buffers, demonstrate minimal non-specific binding to cells, and have functional groups to attach antibodies or other targeting agents. One possible approach to address these requirements is by using lipid coating to modify the surface of the LnNPs. In this work, 39 nm diameter NaYF4:Yb, Er NPs (LnNPs) were coated with a lipid formulation consisting of egg sphingomyelin, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane, cholesterol-(polyethylene glycol-600), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[biotinyl(polyethylene glycol)-2000]. The resulting biotinylated lipid-coated LnNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering to determine the hydrodynamic size and stability in phosphate buffered saline, and the composition of the lipid coatings was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The specific and non-specific binding of the biotinylated lipid-coated LnNPs to a model system of functionalized polystyrene microbeads were then tested by both suspension and imaging mass cytometry. We found that targeted binding with minimal non-specific binding can be achieved with the lipid-coated LnNPs and that the lipid composition of the coating has an impact on the performance of the LnNPs as mass cytometry reporters. These results additionally establish the importance of quantifying the composition of lipid-coated nanomaterials to optimize them more effectively for their desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn P Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Yefeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Elsa Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Taunia Closson
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Bedilu Allo
- Fluidigm Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
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