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Liao X, Lao X, Li Z, Yang L, Ye W, Guo P. Synthesis of Monodispersed Pd Nanoparticles and Ultrathin Twisty Pd Nanowire Networks for Electrooxidation of Ethanol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9310-9317. [PMID: 38634832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, preparing precious metal catalysts with a controllable morphology has become a hot research topic for researchers. In this study, monodispersed palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NP) and ultrathin Pd twisty nanowire networks (TNN) were synthesized in a solvothermal system using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and oleylamine (OAm) as solvents, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the successful synthesis of nanoparticles and ultrathin TNN microstructures. Electrochemical data show that the current densities of Pd-NP and Pd-TNN for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) reach 1878 mA mg-1 and 1765 mA mg-1, respectively. Compared to commercial Pd/C, Pd-TNN and Pd-NP exhibit better catalytic stability, lower electron transfer barriers, and more resistance to catalyst poisoning. Temperature, pH value, and ethanol concentration are all favorable for the EOR. According to the experimental data, the mechanism of enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pd-NP and Pd-TNN catalysts for ethanol oxidation is discussed. This paper presents a method for preparing catalysts with stabilized structures to develop Pd-based catalysts for electrocatalytic oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiang Liao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhuo Lao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Likang Yang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wanneng Ye
- College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peizhi Guo
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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Borup AB, Bertelsen AD, Kløve M, Christensen RS, Broge NLN, Dippel AC, Jørgensen MRV, Iversen BB. Unveiling the formation mechanism of Pb xPd y intermetallic phases in solvothermal synthesis using in situ X-ray total scattering. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18481-18488. [PMID: 37942507 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03901c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pd possesses attractive catalytic properties and nano-structuring is an obvious way to enhance catalytic activity. Alloying Pd with Pb has been shown to enhance the catalytic effect of alcohol oxidation. Further optimization of the catalytic effect can be accomplished by controlling the particle size and key to this is understanding the formation mechanism. By monitoring solvothermal syntheses using in situ X-ray total scattering, this study unveils the formation mechanism of PbxPdy intermetallic nanoparticles. The formation occurs through a multi-step mechanism. Initially, Pd nanoparticles are formed, followed by incorporation of Pb into the Pd-structure, thus forming PbxPdy intermetallic nanoparticles. By varying the reaction time and temperature, the incorporation of Pb can be controlled, thereby tailoring the phase outcome. Based on the in situ solvothermal syntheses, ex situ autoclave syntheses were performed, resulting in the synthesis of Pb3Pd5 and Pb9Pd13 with a purity above 93%. The catalytic effect of these intermetallic phases towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is assessed. It is found that Pd, Pb3Pd5, and Pb9Pd13 have comparable stabilities, however, the overpotential increases with increasing amounts of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Bæk Borup
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Dueholm Bertelsen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Magnus Kløve
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Stubkjær Christensen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Nils Lau Nyborg Broge
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Ann-Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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Lin F, Li M, Zeng L, Luo M, Guo S. Intermetallic Nanocrystals for Fuel-Cells-Based Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12507-12593. [PMID: 37910391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis underpins the renewable electrochemical conversions for sustainability, which further replies on metallic nanocrystals as vital electrocatalysts. Intermetallic nanocrystals have been known to show distinct properties compared to their disordered counterparts, and been long explored for functional improvements. Tremendous progresses have been made in the past few years, with notable trend of more precise engineering down to an atomic level and the investigation transferring into more practical membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which motivates this timely review. After addressing the basic thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals, we discuss classic and latest synthetic strategies that enable not only the formation of intermetallic phase but also the rational control of other catalysis-determinant structural parameters, such as size and morphology. We also demonstrate the emerging intermetallic nanomaterials for potentially further advancement in energy electrocatalysis. Then, we discuss the state-of-the-art characterizations and representative intermetallic electrocatalysts with emphasis on oxygen reduction reaction evaluated in a MEA setup. We summarize this review by laying out existing challenges and offering perspective on future research directions toward practicing intermetallic electrocatalysts for energy conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Menggang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingyou Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ipadeola AK, Abdelgawad A, Salah B, Abdullah AM, Eid K. Interfacial Engineering of Porous Pd/M (M = Au, Cu, Mn) Sponge-like Nanocrystals with a Clean Surface for Enhanced Alkaline Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13830-13840. [PMID: 37724885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial engineering of Pd-based alloys (i.e., PdM with distinct morphologies, compositions, and strain defects) is an efficient way for enhanced catalytic activity; however, it remains a grand challenge to fabricate such alloys in aqueous solutions without heating, organic solvents, and multiple reaction steps. Herein, we present a simple, aqueous-phase, one-step, and ultrafast approach for the interfacial engineering of surfactant-free porous PdM (M = Cu, Au, and Mn) nanocrystals with well-controlled spongy-like morphology and compositions. The electronic interaction in PdM nanocrystals and their effect on the alkaline electrochemical ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) are investigated using XRD, XPS, and electrochemical tests. Notably, integrating M metals into Pd atoms results in upshifting the d-band center of Pd and subsequently modulating the EOR activity and stability substantially. The EOR mass activity (10.78 A/mgPd (6.93 A/mgPdCu)) of PdCu was 1.83, 3.09, 4.51, and 53.90 times higher than those of AuPd (5.90 A/mgPd (3.27 A/mgAuPd)), PdMn (3.48 A/mgPd (3.19 A/mgPdMn)), Pd (2.39 A/mgPd), and Pd/C (0.20 A/mgPd), respectively, besides substantial durability after 1000 cycles. This is due to the porous two-dimensional morphology, a low synergetic effect, higher interfacial interaction, and greater active surface area of PdCu, besides a high Cu content with more oxophilicity that facilitates activation/dissociation of H2O to generate -OH species needed for quick EOR electrocatalysis. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals better electrolyte/electrode interfacial interaction and lower charge transfer resistance on PdCu. The EOR activity of PdCu porous sponge-like nanocrystals was superior to all previously reported Pd-based alloys for electrochemical EOR. This study indicates that binary Pd-based catalysts with less synergetic effect are preferred for boosting the EOR activity, which could help in manipulating the surface properties of Pd-based alloys to optimize EOR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale K Ipadeola
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Gas Processing Center(GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Abdelgawad
- Gas Processing Center(GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Belal Salah
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Gas Processing Center(GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Kamel Eid
- Gas Processing Center(GPC), College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Li L, Xu H, Zhu Q, Meng X, Xu J, Han M. Recent advances of H-intercalated Pd-based nanocatalysts for electrocatalytic reactions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13452-13466. [PMID: 37721115 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The intercalation of H into Pd-based nanocatalysts plays a crucial role in optimizing the catalytic performance by tailoring the structural and electronic properties. We herein present a comprehensive review about the recent progress of interstitial hydrogen atom modified Pd-based nanocatalysts for various energy-related electrocatalytic reactions. Before systematically manifesting the great potential of Pd-based hydrides for electrocatalytic applications, we have briefly illustrated the synthesis strategies and corresponding mechanisms for the Pd-based hydrides. This is followed by a comprehensive discussion about the fundamentals and functions of H intercalation in tailoring their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Subsequently, we focus on the widespread application of Pd-based hydrides for electrocatalytic reactions, with the emphasis on the role of H intercalation played in determining electrocatalytic performance. Finally, the future direction and perspectives regarding the development of more efficient Pd-based hydrides are also manifested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, China.
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, China.
| | - Qianyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, China.
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, China.
| | - Jixing Xu
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, China.
| | - Meijun Han
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, China.
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Tao L, Huang B, Zhao Y. Low-Dimensional High-Entropy Alloys for Advanced Electrocatalytic Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300097. [PMID: 37236145 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanomaterials are widely employed as electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions, due to their inherent advantages, including high electron mobility, rich catalytically active site, optimal electronic structure. Moreover, the high-entropy, lattice distortion, and sluggish diffusion effects also enable them to be promising electrocatalysts. A thorough understanding on the structure-activity relationships of low-dimensional HEA catalyst play a huge role in the future pursuit of more efficient electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of low-dimensional HEA nanomaterials for efficient catalytic energy conversion. By systematically discussing the fundamentals of HEA and properties of low-dimensional nanostructures, we highlight the advantages of low-dimensional HEAs. Subsequently, we also present many low-dimensional HEA catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions, aiming to gain a better understanding on the structure-activity relationship. Finally, a series of upcoming challenges and issues are also thoroughly proposed as well as their future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Special Functional Textile Materials, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Changzhou Sveck Photovoltaic New Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213200, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- Changzhou Sveck Photovoltaic New Material Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213200, China
| | - Yitao Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Special Functional Textile Materials, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wu Z, Hata S, Gao F, Shiraishi Y, Du Y. One-pot synthesis of PdPtAg porous nanospheres with enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward polyalcohol electrooxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:602-609. [PMID: 36669453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanospheres (PNSs) have great development prospects in the electrocatalysis field because of their structural characteristics, such as a large specific surface area. However, it is still a challenge to find a simple and energy-saving method for the controllable synthesis of PNS nanocatalysts. In this paper, a one-pot CTAC-assisted strategy was developed for the successful formation of PdPtAg PNSs with high porosity at room temperature. Benefitting from the unique structures, optimized composition, acceleration of charge transfer and enhanced resistance to CO poisoning, the PdPtAg PNSs displayed considerably improved electrocatalytic performance with high mass activity and stability toward the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). The EGOR and GOR mass activities of PdPtAg were 5.00 A mgmetal-1 and 3.06 A mgmetal-1, which are 6.22 and 1.91 times that of commercial Pd/C, respectively. This work is expected to offer a new path for improving catalytic performance by simple design and adjustment of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengying Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Schinichi Hata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Yukihide Shiraishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi 756-0884, Japan
| | - Yukou Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University Suzhou 215104, China.
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Chu X, Li J, Qian W, Xu H. Pd-Based Metallenes for Fuel Cell Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200222. [PMID: 36328757 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pd-based metallenes, atomically thin layers composed primarily of under-coordinated Pd atoms, have emerged as the newest members in the family of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Moreover, the unique physiochemical properties, high intrinsic activity associated with metallenes coupled with the ease of applying chemical modifications result in great potential in catalyst engineering for fuel cell reactions. Especially in recent years, interest in Pd-based metallenes is growing, as evidenced by surge in available literatures. Herein, we have reviewed the recent findings achieved in Pd-based metallenes in fuel cells by highlighting the technologies available for deriving metallenes and manifesting the modification strategies for designing them to better suit the application demand. Moreover, we also discuss the perspective insights of Pd-based metallenes for fuel cells regarding the surfactant-free synthesis method, strain engineering, constructing high-entropy alloy, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, 476000, Shangqiu, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Junru Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, 476000, Shangqiu, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, 213164, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Sun T, Chen J, Lao X, Zhang X, Fu A, Wang W, Guo P. Unveiling the Synergistic Effects of Monodisperse Sea Urchin-like PdPb Alloy Nanodendrites as Stable Electrocatalysts for Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol Oxidation Reactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10220-10227. [PMID: 35729745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the fabrication of noble metal-based catalysts with controllable morphologies has become a research hotspot. Electrocatalytic devices with excellent catalytic performance and enhanced durability for the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) are significant for commercial direct fuel cells. Herein, a series of PdPb sea urchin-like nanodendrite (ND) structures with controllable molar ratios were synthesized as EGOR and GOR electrocatalysts of high efficiency. The optimized structurally regular Pd3Pb NDs exhibit the best electrocatalytic activity and outstanding stability compared to other samples and commercial Pt/C. In addition, the integrated Pb on Pd3Pb NDs can mitigate the bond energy the intermediates generate and further boost the electrooxidation of the intermediates by supplying enough active sites without considering its intrinsic structure, which is beneficial to the enhanced EGOR and GOR activity and stability. With the assistance of electrochemical measurement, the mechanism of the enhanced alloy was further investigated. This paper presents a promising strategy to fabricate catalysts with stable structures, which will elucidate a very promising approach for developing Pd-based catalysts for further applications in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhuo Lao
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xingxue Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Guo
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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Zhang Q, Zhang M, Chen T, Li L, Shi S, Jiang R. Unconventional Phase Engineering of Fuel-Cell Electrocatalysts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hochfilzer D, Tiwari A, Clark EL, Bjørnlund AS, Maagaard T, Horch S, Seger B, Chorkendorff I, Kibsgaard J. In Situ Analysis of the Facets of Cu-Based Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Media Using Pb Underpotential Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1514-1521. [PMID: 35044193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Establishing relationships between the surface atomic structure and activity of Cu-based electrocatalysts for CO2 and CO reduction is hindered by probable surface restructuring under working conditions. Insights into these structural evolutions are scarce as techniques for monitoring the surface facets in conventional experimental designs are lacking. To directly correlate surface reconstructions to changes in selectivity or activity, the development of surface-sensitive, electrochemical probes is highly desirable. Here, we report the underpotential deposition of lead over three low index Cu single crystals in alkaline media, the preferred electrolyte for CO reduction studies. We find that underpotential deposition of Pb onto these facets occurs at distinct potentials, and we use these benchmarks to probe the predominant facet of polycrystalline Cu electrodes in situ. Finally, we demonstrate that Cu and Pb form an irreversible surface alloy during underpotential deposition, which limits this method to investigating the surface atomic structure after reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degenhart Hochfilzer
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ezra L Clark
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anton Simon Bjørnlund
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Maagaard
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Horch
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian Seger
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- SurfCat Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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