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Zhang L, Iwata R, Lu Z, Wang X, Díaz-Marín CD, Zhong Y. Bridging Innovations of Phase Change Heat Transfer to Electrochemical Gas Evolution Reactions. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39194152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bubbles play a ubiquitous role in electrochemical gas evolution reactions. However, a mechanistic understanding of how bubbles affect the energy efficiency of electrochemical processes remains limited to date, impeding effective approaches to further boost the performance of gas evolution systems. From a perspective of the analogy between heat and mass transfer, bubbles in electrochemical gas evolution reactions exhibit highly similar dynamic behaviors to them in the liquid-vapor phase change. Recent developments of liquid-vapor phase change systems have substantially advanced the fundamental knowledge of bubbles, leading to unprecedented enhancement of heat transfer performance. In this Review, we aim to elucidate a promising opportunity of understanding bubble dynamics in electrochemical gas evolution reactions through a lens of phase change heat transfer. We first provide a background about key parallels between electrochemical gas evolution reactions and phase change heat transfer. Then, we discuss bubble dynamics in gas evolution systems across multiple length scales, with an emphasis on exciting research problems inspired by new insights gained from liquid-vapor phase change systems. Lastly, we review advances in engineered surfaces for manipulating bubbles to enhance heat and mass transfer, providing an outlook on the design of high-performance gas evolving electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenan Zhang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryuichi Iwata
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc, Nagakute City 480-1192, Japan
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xuanjie Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Hauer L, Naga A, Badr RGM, Pham JT, Wong WSY, Vollmer D. Wetting on silicone surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5273-5295. [PMID: 38952198 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Silicone is frequently used as a model system to investigate and tune wetting on soft materials. Silicone is biocompatible and shows excellent thermal, chemical, and UV stability. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the surface can be easily varied by several orders of magnitude in a controlled manner. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a popular choice for coating applications such as lubrication, self-cleaning, and drag reduction, facilitated by low surface energy. Aiming to understand the underlying interactions and forces, motivated numerous and detailed investigations of the static and dynamic wetting behavior of drops on PDMS-based surfaces. Here, we recognize the three most prevalent PDMS surface variants, namely liquid-infused (SLIPS/LIS), elastomeric, and liquid-like (SOCAL) surfaces. To understand, optimize, and tune the wetting properties of these PDMS surfaces, we review and compare their similarities and differences by discussing (i) the chemical and molecular structure, and (ii) the static and dynamic wetting behavior. We also provide (iii) an overview of methods and techniques to characterize PDMS-based surfaces and their wetting behavior. The static and dynamic wetting ridge is given particular attention, as it dominates energy dissipation, adhesion, and friction of sliding drops and influences the durability of the surfaces. We also discuss special features such as cloaking and wetting-induced phase separation. Key challenges and opportunities of these three surface variants are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hauer
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Abhinav Naga
- Department of Physics, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Rodrique G M Badr
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan T Pham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 45221 OH, USA
| | - William S Y Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Vakarelski IU, Kamoliddinov F, Thoroddsen ST. Why Bubbles Coalesce Faster than Droplets: The Effects of Interface Mobility and Surface Charge. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11340-11351. [PMID: 38748812 PMCID: PMC11140758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Air bubbles in pure water appear to coalesce much faster compared to oil emulsion droplets at the same water solution conditions. The main factors explaining this difference in coalescence times could be interface mobility and/or pH-dependent surface charge at the water interface. To quantify the relative importance of these effects, we use high-speed imaging to monitor the coalescence of free-rising air bubbles with the water-air interface as well as free-falling fluorocarbon-oil emulsion droplets with a water-oil interface. We measure the coalescence times of such bubbles and droplets over a range of different water pH values (3.0, 5.6, 11.0). In the case of bubbles, a very fast coalescence (milliseconds) is observed for the entire pH range in pure water, consistent with the hydrodynamics of fully mobile interfaces. However, when the water-air interface is immobilized by the deposition of a monolayer of arachidic acid, the coalescence is significantly delayed. Furthermore, the coalescence times increase with increasing pH. In the case of fluorocarbon-oil droplets, the coalescence is always much slower (seconds) and consistent with immobile interface coalescence. The fluorocarbon droplet's coalescence time is also pH-dependent, with a complete stabilization (no coalescence) observed at pH 11. In the high electrolyte concentration, a 0.6 M NaCl water solution, bubbles, and droplets have similar coalescence times, which could be related to the bubble interface immobilization at the late stage of the coalescence process. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate the time scale of mobile and immobile interface film drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan U. Vakarelski
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Sofia University,1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Farrukh Kamoliddinov
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sigurdur T. Thoroddsen
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Hamidzadeh F, Huang K, Ye X, Pan L. Nanoscale Investigation into Dynamics of Thin Liquid Films during Bouncing and Attachment of Rising Air Bubbles on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 38032758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on bouncing and attachment of free-rising air bubbles on hydrophobic surfaces have been limited to side-view, high-speed photography of the bubble-plate attachment process. In this work, an investigation of the dynamics as well as stability of thin liquid films (TLFs) between free-rising air bubbles and quartz surfaces was performed using a newly developed multiple-wavelength synchronized reflection interferometry microscopy (SRIM) technique. The effect of surface hydrophobicity on both the stability and critical rupture thickness of TLFs was investigated. Results showed that the TLF ruptured at a critical rupture thickness of 100-1000 nm or beyond during bubble's impact on hydrophobic quartz surfaces. The critical rupture thicknesses varied depending on the surface hydrophobicity as well as surface asperity. A higher surface hydrophobicity, in general, contributed to a higher critical rupture thickness. In addition, the effect of n-octanol on the stability of the TLFs was investigated. Results showed that film stability increased with increasing the concentration of n-octanol, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the critical rupture thickness. The present result illustrates, for the first time, the dynamics of TLFs on hydrophobic surfaces under a dynamic condition compared with previous studies under a quasi-equilibrium condition. The information revealed from the present work has a significant implication to many industrial applications, including froth flotation and other biological and semiconductor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hamidzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Kaiwu Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geospatial Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Dixit AK, Das AK. Molecular Approach for Understanding the Stability, Collision, and Coalescence of Bulk Nanobubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:16122-16133. [PMID: 36516486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Though long-lived nanobubbles (NBs) have been reported by multiple researchers, the underlying reason behind their stability is still obscure. Some of the conjectured reasons include diffusive shielding, the presence of surface charges, and stability due to contamination. Still, the stability of NBs against coalescence and Ostwald ripening is not confirmed. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the present study aims to understand the stabilization effects due to diffusive shielding and the presence of an electrical double layer at the surface of NBs. Accumulation of charges on NBs for different concentrations of ions is discussed. Also, the collision of equal-sized NBs with different approach velocities and offset distances is simulated. A regime map is predicted on the basis of initial approach velocity and offset distance. The transition in regime obtained upon increasing the offset distance is discussed, which differs from the collision characteristics of macroscopic bubbles and drops. The merging of NBs is initiated through the bridge formation, for which the temporal evolution rate along with the scaling argument is presented. The stress terms involved and the corresponding regimes are predicted based on the fluid properties. For all the cases where merging is observed, the estimated probability is observed to be low, which suggests the stability of NBs against coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K Dixit
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
| | - Arup K Das
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
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Bubble mobility in seawater during free-rise, bouncing, and coalescence with the seawater-air interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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