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Xu Z, Li G, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Lu X. Probing Interfacial Aging of Model Adhesion Joints under a Hygrothermal Environment at a Molecular Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9280-9288. [PMID: 38619299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Generally, for adhesive joints, the polar water molecules in humid environments can have a critical effect on the interfacial structures and structural evolution adjacent to the solid substrates. Regarding this, it is still a big challenge to detect and understand the interfacial hygrothermal aging process at the molecular level in real time and in situ. In this study, to trace the interfacial hygrothermal aging process of a classical epoxy formula containing diglycidyl ether of biphenyl A (DGEBA) and 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) diethylamine (EDDA) with sapphire and fused silica in a typical hygrothermal environment (85 °C and 85% RH), sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to probe the molecular-level interfacial structural change over the time. The structural evolution dynamics at the buried epoxy/sapphire and epoxy/silica interfaces upon hygrothermal aging were revealed directly in situ. The interfacial delamination during hygrothermal aging was also elucidated from the molecular level. Upon hygrothermal aging, the interfacial CH signals, such as the ones from methyl, methylene, and phenyl groups, decreased significantly and the water OH signals increased substantially, indicating the water molecules had diffused into the interfaces and destroyed the original interactions between the epoxy formula and the substrates. Further analysis indicates that when the integrated signals in the CH range declined to their minimum and leveled off, the interfacial delamination happened. The tensile experiment proved the validity of these spectroscopic experimental results. Our study provides first-hand and molecular-level evidence on a direct correlation between the diffusion of the surrounding water molecules into the interface and the evolution/destruction of the interfacial structures during hygrothermal aging. More importantly, it is proved, SFG can be developed into a powerful tool to noninvasively reveal the local interfacial delamination in real time and in situ under extreme hygrothermal conditions, complemented by the mechanic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yinyu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yeping Wu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Wang H, Tan S, Su Z, Li M, Hao X, Peng F. Perforin-Mimicking Molecular Drillings Enable Macroporous Hollow Lignin Spheres for Performance-Configurable Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311073. [PMID: 38199249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the first observations that the perforin can punch holes in target cells for live/dead cycles in the human immune system over 110 years ago, emulating this behavior in materials science remains challenging. Here, a perforin-mimicking molecular drilling strategy is employed to engineer macroporous hollow lignin spheres as performance-configurable catalysts, adhesives, and gels. Using a toolbox of over 20 molecular compounds, the local curvature of amphiphilic lignin is modulated to generate macroporous spheres with hole sizes ranging from 0 to 100 nm. Multiscale control is precisely achieved through noncovalent assembly directing catalysis, synthesis, and polymerization. Exceptional performance mutations correlate with the changes in hole size, including an increase in catalytic efficiency from 50% to 100%, transition from nonstick synthetics to ultrastrong adhesives (adhesion ≈18.3 MPa, exceeding that of classic epoxies), and transformation of viscous sols to tough nanogels. Thus, this study provides a robust and versatile noncovalent route for mimicking perforin-induced structural variations in cells, representing a significant stride toward the exquisite orchestration of assemblies over multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shujun Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenhua Su
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mingfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Energy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, 100083, China
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György C, Kirkman PM, Neal TJ, Chan DHH, Williams M, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. Enhanced Adsorption of Epoxy-Functional Nanoparticles onto Stainless Steel Significantly Reduces Friction in Tribological Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218397. [PMID: 36651475 PMCID: PMC10962596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-functional sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles (ca. 27 nm) are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization in mineral oil. Nanoparticle adsorption onto stainless steel is examined using a quartz crystal microbalance. Incorporating epoxy groups within the steric stabilizer chains results in a two-fold increase in the adsorbed amount, Γ, at 20 °C (7.6 mg m-2 ) compared to epoxy-core functional nanoparticles (3.7 mg m-2 ) or non-functional nanoparticles (3.8 mg m-2 ). A larger difference in Γ is observed at 40 °C; this suggests chemical adsorption of the nanoparticles rather than merely physical adsorption. A remarkable near five-fold increase in Γ is observed for ca. 50 nm epoxy-functional nanoparticles compared to non-functional nanoparticles (31.3 vs. 6.4 mg m-2 , respectively). Tribological studies confirm that chemical adsorption of the latter epoxy-functional nanoparticles leads to a significant reduction in friction between 60 °C and 120 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Derek H. H. Chan
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | | | | | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
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Xia C, Sun J, Wang Q, Chen J, Wang T, Xu W, Zhang H, Li Y, Chang J, Shi Z, Xu C, Cui Q. Label-Free Sensing of Biomolecular Adsorption and Desorption Dynamics by Interfacial Second Harmonic Generation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111048. [PMID: 36421166 PMCID: PMC9688933 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Observing interfacial molecular adsorption and desorption dynamics in a label-free manner is fundamentally important for understanding spatiotemporal transports of matter and energy across interfaces. Here, we report a label-free real-time sensing technique utilizing strong optical second harmonic generation of monolayer 2D semiconductors. BSA molecule adsorption and desorption dynamics on the surface of monolayer MoS2 in liquid environments have been all-optically observed through time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements. The proposed SHG detection scheme is not only interface specific but also expected to be widely applicable, which, in principle, undertakes a nanometer-scale spatial resolution across interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jianli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenxiong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zengliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiannan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Lu X. Spectroscopically Detecting Molecular-Level Bonding Formation between an Epoxy Formula and Steel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13261-13271. [PMID: 36254887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the interfacial adhesion between an epoxy adhesive and a substrate was normally accompanied by the epoxy curing process on the substrate. Although the debate on the formation mechanism of the interfacial adhesion is still ongoing, this issue can causally be resolved by studying the interfacial structural formation between the epoxy adhesive and the substrate. Herein, to reveal the interfacial structural formation of a representative formula composed of epoxy (digylcidyl ether of biphenyl A, DGEBA) and amine hardener (2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) diethylamine, EDDA) with the steel substrate upon curing and postcuring treatments, sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy with a sandwiched transparent window/epoxy adhesive/steel setup was applied to detect and track the buried molecular-level structures at the epoxy adhesive/steel interface. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) experiment was performed to probe the intentionally exposed interface to disclose the occurring interfacial chemical reaction. The reaction between the epoxy groups and the steel-surface OH groups and the molecular reconstruction of interfacial epoxy methyl groups upon curing and postcuring steps were confirmed. The latter also indirectly indicated the formation of the additional hydrogen bonding and the former bonding reaction at the interface. The above two spectroscopic experimental results matched up with the further examination of the adhesion strength. Therefore, this work elucidates the formation of the interfacial bonding between the epoxy formula and the steel substrate upon curing and postcuring treatments at the molecular level, thus providing an in-depth insight into the origin of the interfacial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yinyu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Yeping Wu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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