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Saha D, Dey T, Pal I, Kundu A, Majumdar S, Sadhu S, Yatirajula SK, Rath J, Ray SK, Dey B. Solvent-Directed Bioactive Supramolecular Zinc(II)-Metallogels: Exploring Semiconducting Aptitudes of Fabricating p-n Junction and Schottky Devices. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39074362 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutaric acid-based supramolecular Zn(II) metallogels in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent (i.e., Zn-α-Glu-DMF and Zn-α-Glu-DMSO) were successfully achieved. Zinc(II) acetate salt and α-ketoglutaric acid directed a three-dimensional noncovalent supramolecular network individually entrapped with N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent to accomplish their respective semisolid flexible metallogel frameworks. The gel features of these synthesized materials were verified by rheological experiments such as amplitude sweep and frequency sweep measurements. The discrete morphological arrangements were analyzed for these metallogel samples through field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis. Highly stacked interconnected blocks of Zn-α-Glu-DMF with hierarchical arrays are found due to the occurrence of diverse noncovalent supramolecular interactions present in the metallogel framework. A distinct spherical shaped microstructure with interconnected hierarchical assembly has been observed for the FESEM pattern of Zn-α-Glu-DMSO. FTIR spectroscopic measurement was carried out to detect some important stretching vibrations of xerogel samples of different metallogels as well as gel-constructing chemical ingredients. A substantial amount of peak shifting of xerogel samples for both metallogels is observed in FTIR analysis, indicating the presence of different noncovalent interactions. ESI-mass analysis portrays a possible metallogel-constructing strategy. The antibacterial potentialities of both metallogels were investigated. These materials exhibited good antimicrobial efficacy toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium). Both synthesized metallogels were successfully implemented to fabricate the photoresponsive semiconducting diode. These materials offer excellent photodiode parameters including an ideality factor and rectification ratio (ON/OFF ratio). Synthesized metallogels are used to successfully fabricate photodiodes with an Al/p-Si/metallogel/Au structure. The ideality factors (η) for Zn-α-Glu-DMF and Zn-α-Glu-DMSO are found as 1.3 and 2.3, respectively, in dark conditions. The rectification ratios for Zn-α-Glu-DMF and Zn-α-Glu-DMSO metallogels are also determined, and these are found as 40 and 10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Tamal Dey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Anupam Kundu
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Santanu Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
- Department of Chemistry, Seacom Skills University, Kendradangal, Bolpur, Birbhum 731236, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajoy Sadhu
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Yatirajula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Samit K Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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2
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Nan B, Li M, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Lim KH, Chang C, Han X, Zuo Y, Li J, Arbiol J, Llorca J, Ibáñez M, Cabot A. Engineering of Thermoelectric Composites Based on Silver Selenide in Aqueous Solution and Ambient Temperature. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:2807-2815. [PMID: 38828037 PMCID: PMC11137807 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The direct, solid state, and reversible conversion between heat and electricity using thermoelectric devices finds numerous potential uses, especially around room temperature. However, the relatively high material processing cost limits their real applications. Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is one of the very few n-type thermoelectric (TE) materials for room-temperature applications. Herein, we report a room temperature, fast, and aqueous-phase synthesis approach to produce Ag2Se, which can be extended to other metal chalcogenides. These materials reach TE figures of merit (zT) of up to 0.76 at 380 K. To improve these values, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) particles also prepared in an aqueous solution are incorporated into the Ag2Se matrix. In this way, a series of Ag2Se/Bi2S3 composites with Bi2S3 wt % of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 are prepared by solution blending and hot-press sintering. The presence of Bi2S3 significantly improves the Seebeck coefficient and power factor while at the same time decreasing the thermal conductivity with no apparent drop in electrical conductivity. Thus, a maximum zT value of 0.96 is achieved in the composites with 1.0 wt % Bi2S3 at 370 K. Furthermore, a high average zT value (zTave) of 0.93 in the 300-390 K range is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfei Nan
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research−IREC, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Departament
d′Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mengyao Li
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research−IREC, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- School
of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, State
College, Pennsylvania 16802, United Sates
| | - Ke Xiao
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research−IREC, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Departament
d′Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Khak Ho Lim
- Institute
of Zhejiang University−Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- College of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang
University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Han
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yong Zuo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute
of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona
Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Barcelona East
School of Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research−IREC, Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Schoske L, Lübkemann-Warwas F, Morales I, Wesemann C, Eckert JG, Graf RT, Bigall NC. Magnetic aerogels from FePt and CoPt 3 directly from organic solution. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4229-4238. [PMID: 38345355 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Here the synthesis of magnetic aerogels from iron platinum and cobalt platinum nanoparticles is presented. The use of hydrazine monohydrate as destabilizing agent triggers the gelation directly from organic solution, and therefore a phase transfer to aqueous media prior to the gelation is not necessary. The aerogels were characterized through Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analysis and Argon Physisorption measurements to prove the formation of a porous network and define their compositions. Additionally, magnetization measurements in terms of hysteresis cycles at 5 K and 300 K (M-H-curves) as well as zero field cooled-field cooled measurements (ZFC-FC measurements) of the dried colloids and the respective xero- and aerogels were performed, in order to analyze the influence of the gelation process and the network structure on the magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schoske
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering- Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lübkemann-Warwas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering- Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Morales
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering- Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wesemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - J G Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- School of Additive Manufacturing, Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - R T Graf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics and Engineering- Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- School of Additive Manufacturing, Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
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Pal I, Majumdar S, Lepcha G, Ahmed KT, Yatirajula SK, Bhattacharya S, Chakravarti R, Bhattacharya B, Biswas SR, Dey B. Exploration of Variable Solvent Directed Self-Healable Supramolecular M(II)-Metallogels (M = Co, Ni, Zn) of Azelaic Acid: Investigating Temperature-Dependent Ion Conductivity and Antibacterial Efficiency. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5442-5457. [PMID: 37997919 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly assisted self-healing supramolecular metallogels of azelaic acid with cobalt(II)-, nickel(II)-, and zinc(II)-based metal acetate salts were successfully fabricated. Individually, N,N'-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide were immobilized within these distinctly synthesized soft-scaffolds of metallogels to attain their semisolid viscoelastic nature. Rheological experiments such as amplitude sweep, frequency sweep, and thixotropic measurements were executed for these metallogels to ratify their gel features. The different extents of supramolecular interactions operating within these solvent-directed metallogels were clearly reflected in terms of their distinct morphological patterns as investigated through field emission scanning electron microscopy. Comparative infrared (IR) spectral properties of metallogels along with individual metal salts and azelaic acid were analyzed. These experimental data clearly depict the significant shifting of Fourier transform (FT)-IR peaks of xerogel samples of different metallogels from the gel-forming precursors. The networks present within the soft-scaffold are evidently illustrated by the electrospray ionization-mass experimental data. The temperature-dependent ionic conductivity studies with these solvent-directed versatile metallogel systems were investigated through impedance spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopic studies clearly demonstrate that the ion-transportation within the gel matrix depends not only on the types of cations but also on the dielectric properties of the immobilized solvents. The antipathogenic effect of these metallogel systems has also been explored by testing their effectiveness against human pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109) and Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1272). These gel soft-scaffolds show no significant cytotoxicity against both the human neuroblastoma cell line-SH-SY5Y and the human embryonic kidney cell line-HEK 293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Santanu Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Gerald Lepcha
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Kazi Tawsif Ahmed
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Yatirajula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004, India
| | | | - Rudra Chakravarti
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Bireswar Bhattacharya
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Biswajit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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5
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González-Lavín J, Arenillas A, Rey-Raap N. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Iron-Based Aerogels with Tailored Textural and Morphological Properties. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:18582-18591. [PMID: 37854854 PMCID: PMC10580704 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron aerogels have been synthesized by microwave heating for the first time. Therefore, it is essential to optimize this synthesis process to evaluate the possibility of obtaining nanometric materials with tailored properties and fitting them to the needs of different applications. Herein, the effect of the ratio between reagents and the time of synthesis on the final textural, morphological, and structural properties has been evaluated. The micro-meso-macroporosity of the samples can be tailored by modifying the ratio between reagents, whereas the time of synthesis has only a slight effect on the microporosity. Both the proportion between reagents and the time of synthesis are essential to controlling the nanometric morphology, making it possible to obtain either cluster- or flake-type structures. Regarding the chemical and structural composition, the samples are mainly composed of iron(II) and iron(III) oxides. However, the percentage of iron(II) can be modulated by changing the ratio between reagents, which implies that it is possible to obtain materials from highly magnetic materials to materials without magnetic properties. This control over the properties of iron aerogels opens a new line of opportunities for the use of this type of material in several fields of applications such as electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, and electrical and electronic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith González-Lavín
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Arenillas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Rey-Raap
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología
del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Xing C, Yang L, He R, Spadaro MC, Zhang Y, Arbiol J, Li J, Poudel B, Nozariasbmarz A, Li W, Lim KH, Liu Y, Llorca J, Cabot A. Brookite TiO 2 Nanorods as Promising Electrochromic and Energy Storage Materials for Smart Windows. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2303639. [PMID: 37608461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) offer an attractive option for regulating indoor lighting conditions. Electrochromic materials based on ion insertion/desertion mechanisms also present the possibility for energy storage, thereby increasing overall energy efficiency and adding value to the system. However, current electrochromic electrodes suffer from performance degradation, long response time, and low coloration efficiency. This work aims to produce defect-engineered brookite titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods (NRs) with different lengths and investigate their electrochromic performance as potential energy storage materials. The controllable synthesis of TiO2 NRs with inherent defects, along with smaller impedance and higher carrier concentrations, significantly enhances their electrochromic performance, including improved resistance to degradation, shorter response times, and enhanced coloration efficiency. The electrochromic performance of TiO2 NRs, particularly longer ones, is characterized by fast switching speeds (20 s for coloration and 12 s for bleaching), high coloration efficiency (84.96 cm2 C-1 at a 600 nm wavelength), and good stability, highlighting their potential for advanced electrochromic smart window applications based on Li+ ion intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Linlin Yang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica i Biomedica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ren He
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica i Biomedica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Bed Poudel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Amin Nozariasbmarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Khak Ho Lim
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Nan B, Song X, Chang C, Xiao K, Zhang Y, Yang L, Horta S, Li J, Lim KH, Ibáñez M, Cabot A. Bottom-Up Synthesis of SnTe-Based Thermoelectric Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23380-23389. [PMID: 37141543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for the development of lead-free thermoelectric materials for medium-/high-temperature applications. Here, we report a thiol-free tin telluride (SnTe) precursor that can be thermally decomposed to produce SnTe crystals with sizes ranging from tens to several hundreds of nanometers. We further engineer SnTe-Cu2SnTe3 nanocomposites with a homogeneous phase distribution by decomposing the liquid SnTe precursor containing a dispersion of Cu1.5Te colloidal nanoparticles. The presence of Cu within the SnTe and the segregated semimetallic Cu2SnTe3 phase effectively improves the electrical conductivity of SnTe while simultaneously reducing the lattice thermal conductivity without compromising the Seebeck coefficient. Overall, power factors up to 3.63 mW m-1 K-2 and thermoelectric figures of merit up to 1.04 are obtained at 823 K, which represent a 167% enhancement compared with pristine SnTe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfei Nan
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xuan Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Linlin Yang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sharona Horta
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute of Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Khak Ho Lim
- Institute of Zhejiang University─Quzhou, 99 Zheda Rd, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Rd, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain
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