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Ladd AJC, Szymczak P. Reactive Flows in Porous Media: Challenges in Theoretical and Numerical Methods. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:543-571. [PMID: 33784175 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092920-102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review theoretical and computational research, primarily from the past 10 years, addressing the flow of reactive fluids in porous media. The focus is on systems where chemical reactions at the solid-fluid interface cause dissolution of the surrounding porous matrix, creating nonlinear feedback mechanisms that can often lead to greatly enhanced permeability. We discuss insights into the evolution of geological forms that can be inferred from these feedback mechanisms, as well as some geotechnical applications such as enhanced oil recovery, hydraulic fracturing, and carbon sequestration. Until recently, most practical applications of reactive transport have been based on Darcy-scale modeling, where averaged equations for the flow and reactant transport are solved. We summarize the successes and limitations of volume averaging, which leads to Darcy-scale equations, as an introduction to pore-scale modeling. Pore-scale modeling is computationally intensive but offers new insights as well as tests of averaging theories and pore-network models. We include recent research devoted to validation of pore-scale simulations, particularly the use of visual observations from microfluidic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J C Ladd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6005, USA;
| | - Piotr Szymczak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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Maheedhara RS, Sachar HS, Jing H, Das S. Ionic Diffusoosmosis in Nanochannels Grafted with End-Charged Polyelectrolyte Brushes. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7450-7461. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Sampath Maheedhara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Harnoor Singh Sachar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Haoyuan Jing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Plümper O, Botan A, Los C, Liu Y, Malthe-Sørenssen A, Jamtveit B. Fluid-driven metamorphism of the continental crust governed by nanoscale fluid flow. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2017; 10:685-690. [PMID: 28890735 PMCID: PMC5584665 DOI: 10.1038/ngeo3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The transport of fluids through the Earth's crust controls the redistribution of elements to form mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, the release and sequestration of greenhouse gases, and facilitates metamorphic reactions that influence lithospheric rheology. In permeable systems with a well-connected porosity, fluid transport is largely driven by fluid pressure gradients. In less permeable rocks, deformation may induce permeability by creating interconnected heterogeneities, but without these perturbations, mass transport is limited along grain boundaries or relies on transformation processes that self-generate transient fluid pathways. The latter can facilitate large-scale fluid and mass transport in nominally impermeable rocks without large-scale fluid transport pathways. Here, we show that pervasive, fluid-driven metamorphism of crustal igneous rocks is directly coupled to the production of nanoscale porosity. Using multi-dimensional nano-imaging and molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that in feldspar, the most abundant mineral family in the Earth's crust, electrokinetic transport through reaction-induced nanopores (10-100 nm) can potentially be significant. This suggests that metamorphic fluid flow and fluid-mediated mineral transformation reactions can be considerably influenced by nanofluidic transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Plümper
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Botan
- Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Departments of Geosciences
and Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0136 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Catharina Los
- Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Malthe-Sørenssen
- Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Departments of Geosciences
and Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0136 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Jamtveit
- Physics of Geological Processes (PGP), Departments of Geosciences
and Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0136 Oslo, Norway
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Garg A, Cartier CA, Bishop KJM, Velegol D. Particle Zeta Potentials Remain Finite in Saturated Salt Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11837-11844. [PMID: 27766888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The zeta potential of a particle characterizes its motion in an electric field and is often thought to be negligible at high ionic strength (several moles per liter) due to thinning of the electrical double layer (EDL). Here, we describe zeta potential measurements on polystyrene latex (PSL) particles at monovalent salt concentrations up to saturation (∼5 M NaCl) using electrophoresis in sinusoidal electric fields and high-speed video microscopy. Our measurements reveal that the zeta potential remains finite at even the highest concentrations. Moreover, we find that the zeta potentials of sulfated PSL particles continue to obey the classical Gouy-Chapman model up to saturation despite significant violations in the model's underlying assumptions. By contrast, amidine-functionalized PSL particles exhibit qualitatively different behaviors such as zero zeta potentials at high concentrations of NaCl and KCl and even charge inversion in KBr solutions. The experimental results are reproduced and explained by Monte Carlo simulations of a simple lattice model of the EDL that accounts for effects due to ion size and ion-ion correlations. At high salt conditions, the model suggests that quantitative changes in the magnitude of surface charge can result in qualitative changes in the zeta potential-most notably, charge inversion of highly charged surfaces. These findings have important implications for electrokinetic phenomena such as diffusiophoresis within salty environments such as oceans, geological reservoirs, and living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Charles A Cartier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kyle J M Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Darrell Velegol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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