1
|
Jiang J, Nikbin E, Liu Y, Lei S, Ye G, Howe JY, Manners I, Winnik MA. Defect-Induced Secondary Crystals Drive Two-Dimensional to Three-Dimensional Morphological Evolution in the Co-Self-Assembly of Polyferrocenylsilane Block Copolymer and Homopolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28096-28110. [PMID: 38088827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up fabrication protocols for uniform 3D hierarchical structures in solution are rare. We report two different approaches to fabricate uniform 3D spherulites and their precursors using mixtures of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) block copolymer (BCP) and PFS homopolymer (HP). Both protocols are designed to promote defects in 2D assemblies that serve as intermediate structures. In a multistep seeded growth protocol, we add the BCP/HP mixture to (1D) rod-like PFS micelles in a selective solvent as first-generation seeds. This leads to 2D platelet structures. If this step is conducted at a high supersaturation, secondary crystals form on the basal surface of these platelets. Co-crystallization and rapid crystallization of BCP/HP promote the formation of defects that act as nucleation sites for secondary crystals, resulting in multilayer platelets. This is the key step. The multilayer platelets serve as second-generation seeds upon subsequent addition of BCP/HP blends and, with increasing supersaturation, lead to the sequential formation of uniform (3D) hedrites, sheaves, and spherulites. Similar structures can also be obtained by a simple one-pot direct self-assembly (heating-cooling-aging) protocol of PFS BCP/HP blends. In this case, for a carefully chosen but narrow temperature range, PFS HPs nucleate formation of uniform structures, and the annealing temperature regulates the supersaturation level. In both protocols, the competitive crystallization kinetics of HP/BCP affects the morphology. Both protocols exhibit broad generality. We believe the morphological transformation from 2D to 3D structures, regulated by defect formation, co-crystallization, and supersaturation levels, could apply to various semicrystalline polymers. Moreover, the 3D structures are sufficiently robust to serve as recoverable carriers for nanoparticle catalysts, exhibiting valuable catalytic activity and opening new possibilities for applications requiring exquisite 3D structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ehsan Nikbin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shixing Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jane Y Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang J, Nikbin E, Hicks G, Song S, Liu Y, Wong ECN, Manners I, Howe JY, Winnik MA. Polyferrocenylsilane Block Copolymer Spherulites in Dilute Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1247-1261. [PMID: 36598864 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of block copolymers (BCP) into uniform 3D structures in solution is an extremely rare phenomenon. Furthermore, the investigation of general prerequisites for fabricating a specific uniform 3D structure remains unknown and challenging. Here, through a simple one-pot direct self-assembly (heating and cooling) protocol, we show that uniform spherulite-like structures and their precursors can be prepared with various poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) BCPs in a variety of polar and non-polar solvents. These structures all evolve from elongated lamellae into hedrites, sheaf-like micelles, and finally spherulites as the annealing temperature and supersaturation degree are increased. The key feature leading to this growth trajectory is the formation of secondary crystals by self-nucleation on the surface of early-elongated lamellae. We identified general prerequisites for fabricating PFS BCP spherulites in solution. These include corona/PFS core block ratios in the range of 1-5.5 that favor the formation of 2D structures as well as the development of secondary crystals on the basal faces of platelets at early stages of the self-assembly. The one-pot direct self-assembly provides a general protocol to form uniform spherulites and their precursors consisting of PFS BCPs that match these prerequisites. In addition, we show that manipulation of various steps in the direct self-assembly protocol can regulate the size and shape of the structures formed. These general concepts show promise for the fabrication and optimization of spherulites and their precursors from semicrystalline BCPs with interesting optical, electronic, or biomedical properties using the one-pot direct self-assembly protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ehsan Nikbin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Garion Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shaofei Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Edmond C N Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jane Y Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwon Y, Ma H, Kim KT. Self-Assembly of Stereoblock Copolymers Driven by the Chain Folding of Discrete Poly( d-lactic acid- b- l-lactic acid) via Intramolecular Stereocomplexation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbeom Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
MacFarlane L, Zhao C, Cai J, Qiu H, Manners I. Emerging applications for living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4661-4682. [PMID: 34163727 PMCID: PMC8179577 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crystallization as a tool to control the self-assembly of polymeric and molecular amphiphiles in solution is attracting growing attention for the creation of non-spherical nanoparticles and more complex, hierarchical assemblies. In particular, the seeded growth method termed living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) has been established as an ambient temperature and potentially scalable platform for the preparation of low dispersity samples of core-shell fiber-like or platelet micellar nanoparticles. Significantly, this method permits predictable control of size, and access to branched and segmented structures where functionality is spatially-defined. Living CDSA operates under kinetic control and shows many analogies with living chain-growth polymerizations of molecular organic monomers that afford well-defined covalent polymers of controlled length except that it covers a much longer length scale (ca. 20 nm to 10 μm). The method has been applied to a rapidly expanding range of crystallizable polymeric amphiphiles, which includes block copolymers and charge-capped homopolymers, to form assemblies with crystalline cores and solvated coronas. Living CDSA seeded growth methods have also been transposed to a wide variety of π-stacking and hydrogen-bonding molecular species that form supramolecular polymers in processes termed "living supramolecular polymerizations". In this article we outline the main features of the living CDSA method and then survey the promising emerging applications for the resulting nanoparticles in fields such as nanomedicine, colloid stabilization, catalysis, optoelectronics, information storage, and surface functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Jiandong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei Y, Liu F, Li M, Li Z, Sun J. Dimension control on self-assembly of a crystalline core-forming polypeptoid block copolymer: 1D nanofibers versus 2D nanosheets. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01673j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The balance between the crystallization and solubility of the block copolymer dominates the nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Fujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li L, Li Y, Wang S, Ye L, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Morphological modulation of azobenzene-containing tubular polymersomes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several external factors influencing the formation and morphologic transition of tubular vesicles were carefully investigated, including the initial polymer concentration, solvent, temperature, water adding rate, and light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Liandong Ye
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Pearce S, MacFarlane LR, Davis SA, Faul CFJ, Manners I. Surface Patterning of Uniform 2D Platelet Block Comicelles via Coronal Chain Collapse. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1514-1520. [PMID: 35617078 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of colloids with anisotropically patterned surfaces is of growing interest for the creation of hierarchical structures and the templating of nanoparticles. We have recently shown that well-defined two-dimensional platelets with low areal dispersities can be formed by the seeded growth of a blend of homopolymers and block copolymers. Herein we form rectangular platelets containing two block copolymers with different coronal chemistries. On addition of a solvent that is only able to solvate the corona of one block, we were able to form colloidally stable micelles with patterned surfaces via coronal collapse. Scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were employed to provide information on the structure and size of the patches decorating the micelle surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Liam R. MacFarlane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Sean A. Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3 V6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Rao Q, Qiu Z, Lin Y, Zhang L, Hu Q, Chen T, Ma Z, Gao H, Luo D, Zhao J, Ouyang D, Zhang ZJ, Li Q. Using Acetone/Water Binary Solvent to Enhance the Stability and Bioavailability of Spray Dried Enzalutamide/HPMC-AS Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1160-1171. [PMID: 33049259 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a facile approach, by adjusting the solvent ratio of water/acetone binary mixture, to alter the intermolecular interactions between Enzalutamide (ENZ) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) for spray drying process, which can be readily implemented to produce spray-dried dispersions (SDD) with enhanced stability and bioavailability. The prepared SDD of ENZ/HPMC-AS were examined systematically in terms of particle size, morphology, dissolution, solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Our results show that the introduction of water (up to 30% volume fraction) can effectively reduce the hydrodynamic diameter of HPMC-AS from approximately 220 nm to 160 nm (a reduction of c.a. 20%), which increases the miscibility of the drug and polymer, delaying or inhibiting the crystallization of ENZ during the spray drying process, resulting in a homogeneous amorphous phase. The benefits of using acetone/water binary mixture were subsequently evidenced by an increased specific surface area, improved dissolution profile and relative bioavailability, enhanced stability, and elevated drug release rate. This fundamental finding underpins the great potential of using binary mixture for spray drying process to process active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that are otherwise challenging to handle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Rao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hanlu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Dandong Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qingguo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding S, Fang C, Wang X, Wang Z. Crystallization-driven microstructure changes during microphase separation for environment-friendly thermoplastic triblock copolymer elastomers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Hussain M, Xie J, Wang K, Wang H, Tan Z, Liu Q, Geng Z, Shezad K, Noureen L, Jiang H, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhu J. Biodegradable Polymer Microparticles with Tunable Shapes and Surface Textures for Enhancement of Dendritic Cell Maturation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42734-42743. [PMID: 31622077 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present a facile approach to produce biodegradable polymeric microparticles with uniform sizes and controllable morphologies by blending hydrophobic poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and amphiphilic poly(d, l-lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-b-PEG) in a microfluidic chip. Microparticles with tentacular, hollow hemispherical, and Janus structures were obtained after complete evaporation of the organic solvent by manipulating the interfacial behavior of emulsion droplets and the phase separation behavior inside the droplets. The number and length of the tentacles on the surface of tentacular microparticles could be tailored by varying the initial concentration and blending ratios of the polymers. The organic solvent played an important role in controlling the morphologies of microparticles. For example, blending PLA16k-b-PEG5k with PLGA100k in dichloromethane resulted in tentacular microparticles, whereas hollow hemispherical microparticles were obtained in trichloromethane. Moreover, these microparticles with controllable shapes and surface textures have significant influence on the immune response of dendritic cells (DCs), showing a morphology-dependent enhancement of DC maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Zhengping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Khurram Shezad
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Laila Noureen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang S, Kang SY, Choi TL. Morphologically Tunable Square and Rectangular Nanosheets of a Simple Conjugated Homopolymer by Changing Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19138-19143. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo H, Lin Y, Tang Q, Hu W, Wang Y, Lei Z, Tong Z. Disassembly of Crystalline Platelets of an Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Mediated by Varying pH and Organic Diacids. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Institute of Smart Fiber MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Yonghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Qiuju Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Institute of Smart Fiber MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Institute of Smart Fiber MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Zhentao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Institute of Smart Fiber MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Zaizai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Institute of Smart Fiber MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu L, Yu W, Wilks TR, Dove AP, Ding HM, O’Reilly RK, Chen G, Jiang M. Glyco-Platelets with Controlled Morphologies via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly and Their Shape-Dependent Interplay with Macrophages. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:596-602. [PMID: 35619371 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are of great significance to the materials community as a result of their high surface area and controllable surface properties. However, controlled preparation of biodegradable 2D structures with biological activity is difficult. In this work we demonstrate that by careful selection of building block structures and assembly conditions it is possible to use crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) to assemble well-defined 2D nanostructures from poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)-based diblock glycopolymers. 1D glyco-cylinders and 2D diamond-shaped glyco-platelets are produced, where the underlying formation mechanism is revealed by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that assembly of the polymers under mild degradation provides a straightforward route to hollow-cored platelets, a morphology that has previously proven laborious to access. The well-defined sizes and shapes of the glyco-platelets allow us to investigate macrophage activation efficiency and demonstrate clear size and shape effects, pointing toward potential applications in immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Libin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Wilks
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei Y, Tian J, Zhang Z, Zhu C, Sun J, Li Z. Supramolecular Nanosheets Assembled from Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-(2-phenylethyl)glycine) Diblock Copolymer Containing Crystallizable Hydrophobic Polypeptoid: Crystallization Driven Assembly Transition from Filaments to Nanosheets. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jiliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zekun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Van Horn RM, Steffen MR, O'Connor D. Recent progress in block copolymer crystallization. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Van Horn
- Department of Chemistry Allegheny College Meadville Pennsylvania
| | | | - Dana O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry Allegheny College Meadville Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Razuvaeva EV, Kulebyakina AI, Streltsov DR, Bakirov AV, Kamyshinsky RA, Kuznetsov NM, Chvalun SN, Shtykova EV. Effect of Composition and Molecular Structure of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Block Copolymers on Micellar Morphology in Aqueous Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15470-15482. [PMID: 30441905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the hydrophobic block length in diblock (PLLA x- b-PEO113, x = 64, 166, 418) and triblock (PLLA y- b-PEO91- b-PLLA y, y = 30, 52, 120) copolymers of l-lactic acid and ethylene oxide on the structure of micelles prepared by dialysis was studied by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering in dilute aqueous solution, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and force spectroscopy. It was found that the size of the crystalline PLLA core is weakly dependent on the PLLA block length. In addition to individual micelles, a number of their micellar clusters were detected with characteristic distance between adjacent micelle cores decreasing with an increase in PLLA block length. This effect was explained by the change in the conformation of PEO chains forming the micellar corona because of their overcrowding. Force spectroscopy experiments also reveal a more stretched conformation of the PEO chains for the block copolymers with a shorter PLLA block. A model describing the structure of the individual micelles and their clusters was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Razuvaeva
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123182 , Russia
| | | | - Dmitry R Streltsov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123182 , Russia
| | - Artem V Bakirov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123182 , Russia
| | - Roman A Kamyshinsky
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123182 , Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FNRC "Crystallography and Photonics" , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119333 , Russia
| | | | - Sergei N Chvalun
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117393 , Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123182 , Russia
| | - Eleonora V Shtykova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119991 , Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FNRC "Crystallography and Photonics" , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119333 , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noack S, Schanzenbach D, Koetz J, Schlaad H. Polylactide-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Crystallization-Induced Self-Assembly and Stereocomplexation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800639. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Noack
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Dirk Schanzenbach
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He X, He Y, Hsiao MS, Harniman RL, Pearce S, Winnik MA, Manners I. Complex and Hierarchical 2D Assemblies via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Poly(l-lactide) Homopolymers with Charged Termini. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9221-9228. [PMID: 28557444 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)-based nanoparticles have attracted much attention with respect to applications in drug delivery and nanomedicine as a result of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Nevertheless, the ability to prepare PLLA assemblies with well-defined shape and dimensions is limited and represents a key challenge. Herein we report access to a series of monodisperse complex and hierarchical colloidally stable 2D structures based on PLLA cores using the seeded growth, "living-crystallization-driven self-assembly" method. Specifically, we describe the formation of diamond-shaped platelet micelles and concentric "patchy" block co-micelles by using seeds of the charge-terminated homopolymer PLLA24[PPh2Me]I to initiate the sequential growth of either additional PLLA24[PPh2Me]I or a crystallizable blend of the latter with the block copolymer PLLA42-b-P2VP240, respectively. The epitaxial nature of the growth processes used for the creation of the 2D block co-micelles was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction analysis. Cross-linking of the P2VP corona of the peripheral block in the 2D block co-micelles using Pt nanoparticles followed by dissolution of the interior region in good solvent for PLLA led to the formation of novel, hollow diamond-shaped assemblies. We also demonstrate that, in contrast to the aforementioned results, seeded growth of the unsymmetrical PLLA BCPs PLLA42-b-P2VP240 or PLLA20-b-PAGE80 alone from 2D platelets leads to the formation of diamond-fiber hybrid structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Yunxiang He
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Siao Hsiao
- UES, Inc., and Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tritschler U, Pearce S, Gwyther J, Whittell GR, Manners I. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Functional Nanoparticles from the Solution Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Tritschler
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nazemi A, He X, MacFarlane LR, Harniman RL, Hsiao MS, Winnik MA, Faul CFJ, Manners I. Uniform “Patchy” Platelets by Seeded Heteroepitaxial Growth of Crystallizable Polymer Blends in Two Dimensions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4409-4417. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nazemi
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoming He
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Liam R. MacFarlane
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Siao Hsiao
- UES, Inc. and Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang L, Lei Z, Huang T, Zhou Y, Bai Y. "Installation art"-like hierarchical self-assembly of giant polymeric elliptical platelets. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2145-2149. [PMID: 28127609 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the aqueous self-assembly of giant elliptical platelets over 20 μm in axial length, from a novel polyamide. Both the self-assembly pathway and mechanism were studied using morphology and X-ray characterizations. The polymer first self-organizes into small quadrangular frustum pyramid platelets, and then these small platelets can be further installed into giant elliptical platelets through an "installation art"-like hierarchical self-assembly process driven by crystallization. The as-prepared regular giant platelets can further aggregate together into multi-horned or flower-like superstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Zuotao Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Tong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Cao Y, Zhang X, Wang D, Liu M, Xie Z, Wang Y. Rapid Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for Flower-Like Particles with High Throughput. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13517-13524. [PMID: 27993024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of block copolymers has evolved into a foremost bottom-up approach for building polymeric materials. Historical challenges exist within this lively field, including the scalability and elegant simplicity of self-assembled aggregates with predictable structures. Here, we report a generally applicable strategy for the rapid self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lactic acid) with the help of a single oil-in-water emulsion. A kind of flower-like polymer particle with filamentous surface branches is rapidly formed after removing the oil phase from the emulsion system. Moreover, the dimension of the branched filaments and the spherical internal core can be controlled through regulating the block ratio and the emulsification conditions. In particular, we propose an explosion theory as a balance between phase separation and interchain interaction for explaining the formation of the branched structures of the flower-like particles. The particles with high throughput are further functionalized with polypyrrole for their use in enhanced photoelectric-sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - Dingguan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| |
Collapse
|