1
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Kratochvíl J, Asor R, Helmi S, Struwe WB, Kukura P. Lifting the Concentration Limit of Mass Photometry by PEG Nanopatterning. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10032-10039. [PMID: 38950386 PMCID: PMC11342371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Mass photometry (MP) is a rapidly growing optical technique for label-free mass measurement of single biomolecules in solution. The underlying measurement principle provides numerous advantages over ensemble-based methods but has been limited to low analyte concentrations due to the need to uniquely and accurately quantify the binding of individual molecules to the measurement surface, which results in diffraction-limited spots. Here, we combine nanoparticle lithography with surface PEGylation to substantially lower surface binding, resulting in a 2 orders of magnitude improvement in the upper concentration limit associated with mass photometry. We demonstrate the facile tunability of degree of passivation, enabling measurements at increased analyte concentrations. These advances provide access to protein-protein interactions in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range, substantially expanding the application space of mass photometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kratochvíl
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Roi Asor
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Seham Helmi
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Weston B. Struwe
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
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2
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Wedler V, Quinones D, Peisert H, Schäffer E. A Quick and Reproducible Silanization Method by Using Plasma Activation for Hydrophobicity-Based Kinesin Single Molecule Fluorescence-Microscopy Assays. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202036. [PMID: 35925842 PMCID: PMC9826530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule assays often require functionalized surfaces. One approach for microtubule assays renders surfaces hydrophobic and uses amphiphilic blocking agents. However, the optimal hydrophobicity is unclear, protocols take long, produce toxic waste, and are susceptible to failure. Our method uses plasma activation with hydrocarbons for hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) silanization in the gas phase. We measured the surface hydrophobicity, its effect on how well microtubule filaments were bound to the surface, and the number of nonspecific interactions with kinesin motor proteins. Additionally, we tested and discuss the use of different silanes and activation methods. We found that even weakly hydrophobic surfaces were optimal. Our environmentally friendly method significanty reduced the overall preparation effort and resulted in reproducible, high-quality surfaces with low variability. We expect the method to be applicable to a wide range of other single-molecule assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wedler
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Cellular Nanoscience (ZMBP)Auf der Morgenstelle 3272076TübingenGermany
| | - Dustin Quinones
- Eberhard Karls Universität TübingenInstitute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Eberhard Karls Universität TübingenInstitute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Erik Schäffer
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Cellular Nanoscience (ZMBP)Auf der Morgenstelle 3272076TübingenGermany
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3
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Jain K, Kanchanawong P, Sheetz MP, Zhou X, Cai H, Changede R. Ligand functionalization of titanium nanopattern enables the analysis of cell-ligand interactions by super-resolution microscopy. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2275-2306. [PMID: 35896742 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal aspects of early signaling events during interactions between cells and their environment dictate multiple downstream outcomes. While advances in nanopatterning techniques have allowed the isolation of these signaling events, a major limitation of conventional nanopatterning methods is its dependence on gold (Au) or related materials that plasmonically quench fluorescence and, thus, are incompatible with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Here we describe a novel method that integrates nanopatterning with single-molecule resolution fluorescence imaging, thus enabling mechanistic dissection of molecular-scale signaling events in conjunction with nanoscale geometry manipulation. Our method exploits nanofabricated titanium (Ti) whose oxide (TiO2) is a dielectric material with no plasmonic effects. We describe the surface chemistry for decorating specific ligands such as cyclo-RGD (arginine, glycine and aspartate: a ligand for fibronectin-binding integrins) on TiO2 nanoline and nanodot substrates, and demonstrate the ability to perform dual-color super-resolution imaging on these patterns. Ti nanofabrication is similar to other metallic materials like Au, while the functionalization of TiO2 is relatively fast, safe, economical, easy to set up with commonly available reagents, and robust against environmental parameters such as humidity. Fabrication of nanopatterns takes ~2-3 d, preparation for functionalization ~1.5-2 d, and functionalization 3 h, after which cell culture and imaging experiments can be performed. We suggest that this method may facilitate the interrogation of nanoscale geometry and force at single-molecule resolution, and should find ready applications in early detection and interpretation of physiochemical signaling events at the cell membrane in the fields of cell biology, immunology, regenerative medicine, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Jain
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Molecular Mechanomedicine Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xianjing Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Haogang Cai
- Tech4Health Institute and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,TeOra Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Cao F, Li Y, Wu J, Liu W, Ngai T. Measurements of interactions between fluorescent molecules and polyethylene glycol self-assembled monolayers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 18:236-243. [PMID: 34874390 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the non-specific binding of fluorescent biomolecules to substrates is one of the most important approaches to minimize the background noise in single-molecule fluorescence detection. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its derivatives are the most frequently used self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for surface passivation because they are particularly effective to reduce the adsorption of a majority of biomolecules. Most studies related to PEG SAMs focus only on the interactions between biomolecules and substrates, while few reports exist in which the interactions between fluorophores and organosilane SAMs are directly examined. The objective of this study is to try to clarify the interactions between fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and PEG SAMs at different ionic strengths. Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) was utilized for quantitative analysis of the interactions. At low ionic strength, long-range attractions between FITC-modified polystyrene-silica particles and PEG SAM grafting substrates were observed, even though both of them had an ensemble-averaged negative charge. The origin of this attraction could be correlated to their nonuniformly charged surfaces. At high ionic strength, van der Waals attraction at short distances was measured as the electrostatic interactions were completely screened. Due to the polarizability of the FITC molecule, the van der Waals attractions increased with the thickness of the PEG SAMs. This phenomenon is explained by the hydration shell of the PEG SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N.T., Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Zhang J, Léonard D, Yeromonahos C, Mazurczyk R, Géhin T, Monfray S, Chevolot Y, Cloarec JP. Orthogonal Chemical Functionalization of Au/SiO 2/TiW Patterned Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14960-14966. [PMID: 33256413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macropatterned and micropatterned gold/silicon dioxide/titanium tungsten (Au/SiO2/TiW) substrates were orthogonally functionalized: three different molecules (monovalent silane, thiol, and phosphonic acid) were used to specifically form organolayers on Au, SiO2, or TiW areas of patterned substrates. The orthogonality of the functionalization (i.e., selective grafting of thiol on Au, phosphonic acid on TiW, and silane on SiO2) was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle measurements. These results are especially promising for the selective anchoring of targets (e.g., biomolecules, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, or other nano-objects) onto patterned zones of multimaterial substrates, such as nanosensors or other nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully cedex 69134, France
| | - Didier Léonard
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Christelle Yeromonahos
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully cedex 69134, France
| | - Radoslaw Mazurczyk
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully cedex 69134, France
| | - Thomas Géhin
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully cedex 69134, France
| | - Stéphane Monfray
- STMicroelectronics SA, 850, rue Jean Monnet, Crolles 38926, France
| | - Yann Chevolot
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully cedex 69134, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Cloarec
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully cedex 69134, France
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6
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Cėpla V, Rakickas T, Stankevičienė G, Mazėtytė-Godienė A, Baradokė A, Ruželė Ž, Valiokas RN. Photografting and Patterning of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Hydrogel on Glass for Biochip Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32233-32246. [PMID: 32438798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient procedure for chemical initiator-free, in situ synthesis of a functional polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEG MA) hydrogel on regular glass substrates is reported. It is demonstrated that self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization driven by UV irradiation can yield tens of nanometer-thick coatings of carboxy-functionalized PEG MA on the aldehyde-terminated borosilicate glass surface. The most efficient formulation for hydrogel synthesis contained methyl methacrylic acid (MAA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and PEG methacrylate (PEG10MA) monomers (1:1:1). The resulting HEMA/PEG10MA/MAA (HPMAA) coatings had a defined thickness in the range from 11 to 50 nm. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized HPMAA coatings were analyzed by combining water contact angle measurements, stylus profilometry, imaging null ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The latter technique was employed in the quantitative imaging mode not only for direct probing of the surface topography but also for swelling behavior characterization in the pH range from 4.5 to 8.0. The estimated high swelling ratios of the HPMAA hydrogel (up to 3.2) together with its good stability and resistance to nonspecific protein binding were advantageous in extracellular matrix mimetics via patterning of fibronectin (FN) at a resolution close to 200 nm. It was shown that the fabricated FN micropatterns on HPMAA were equally suitable for single-cell arraying, as well as controlled cell culture lasting at least for 96 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Cėpla
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Rakickas
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Stankevičienė
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Airina Mazėtytė-Godienė
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Baradokė
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Živilė Ruželė
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ramu Nas Valiokas
- Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
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7
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Patra S, Baibakov M, Claude JB, Wenger J. Surface passivation of zero-mode waveguide nanostructures: benchmarking protocols and fluorescent labels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5235. [PMID: 32251328 PMCID: PMC7089978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero mode waveguide (ZMW) nanoapertures efficiently confine the light down to the nanometer scale and overcome the diffraction limit in single molecule fluorescence analysis. However, unwanted adhesion of the fluorescent molecules on the ZMW surface can severely hamper the experiments. Therefore a proper surface passivation is required for ZMWs, but information is currently lacking on both the nature of the adhesion phenomenon and the optimization of the different passivation protocols. Here we monitor the influence of the fluorescent dye (Alexa Fluor 546 and 647, Atto 550 and 647N) on the non-specific adhesion of double stranded DNA molecule. We show that the nonspecific adhesion of DNA double strands onto the ZMW surface is directly mediated by the organic fluorescent dye being used, as Atto 550 and Atto 647N show a pronounced tendency to adhere to the ZMW while the Alexa Fluor 546 and 647 are remarkably free of this effect. Despite the small size of the fluorescent label, the surface charge and hydrophobicity of the dye appear to play a key role in promoting the DNA affinity for the ZMW surface. Next, different surface passivation methods (bovine serum albumin BSA, polyethylene glycol PEG, polyvinylphosphonic acid PVPA) are quantitatively benchmarked by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to determine the most efficient approaches to prevent the adsorption of Atto 647N labeled DNA. Protocols using PVPA and PEG-silane of 1000 Da molar mass are found to drastically avoid the non-specific adsorption into ZMWs. Optimizing both the choice of the fluorescent dye and the surface passivation protocol are highly significant to expand the use of ZMWs for single molecule fluorescence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Patra
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Mikhail Baibakov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Claude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013, Marseille, France.
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8
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Sudhakar S, Jachowski TJ, Kittelberger M, Maqbool A, Hermsdorf GL, Abdosamadi MK, Schäffer E. Supported Solid Lipid Bilayers as a Platform for Single-Molecule Force Measurements. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8877-8886. [PMID: 31746618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible surfaces are important for basic and applied research in life science with experiments ranging from the organismal to the single-molecule level. For the latter, examples include the translocation of kinesin motor proteins along microtubule cytoskeletal filaments or the study of DNA-protein interactions. Such experiments often employ single-molecule fluorescence or force microscopy. In particular for force measurements, a key requirement is to prevent nonspecific interactions of biomolecules and force probes with the surface, while providing specific attachments that can sustain loads. Common approaches to reduce nonspecific interactions include supported lipid bilayers or PEGylated surfaces. However, fluid lipid bilayers do not support loads and PEGylation may require harsh chemical surface treatments and have limited reproducibility. Here, we developed and applied a supported solid lipid bilayer (SSLB) as a platform for specific, load bearing attachments with minimal nonspecific interactions. Apart from single-molecule fluorescence measurements, anchoring molecules to lipids in the solid phase enabled us to perform force measurements of molecular motors and overstretch DNA. Furthermore, using a heating laser, we could switch the SSLB to its fluid state allowing for manipulation of anchoring points. The assay had little nonspecific interactions, was robust, reproducible, and time-efficient, and required less hazardous and toxic chemicals for preparation. In the long term, we expect that SSLBs can be widely employed for single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, force spectroscopy, and cellular assays in mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Sudhakar
- Eberheard Karls Universität Tübingen , ZMBP , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Tobias Jörg Jachowski
- Eberheard Karls Universität Tübingen , ZMBP , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Michael Kittelberger
- Eberheard Karls Universität Tübingen , ZMBP , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ammara Maqbool
- Eberheard Karls Universität Tübingen , ZMBP , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Gero Lutz Hermsdorf
- Eberheard Karls Universität Tübingen , ZMBP , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | | | - Erik Schäffer
- Eberheard Karls Universität Tübingen , ZMBP , Auf der Morgenstelle 32 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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9
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Cui TJ, Klein M, Hegge JW, Chandradoss SD, van der Oost J, Depken M, Joo C. Argonaute bypasses cellular obstacles without hindrance during target search. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4390. [PMID: 31558728 PMCID: PMC6763497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Argonaute (Ago) proteins are key players in both gene regulation (eukaryotes) and host defense (prokaryotes). Acting on single-stranded nucleic-acid substrates, Ago relies on base pairing between a small nucleic-acid guide and its complementary target sequences for specificity. To efficiently scan nucleic-acid chains for targets, Ago diffuses laterally along the substrate and must bypass secondary structures as well as protein barriers. Using single-molecule FRET in conjunction with kinetic modelling, we reveal that target scanning is mediated through loose protein-nucleic acid interactions, allowing Ago to slide short distances over secondary structures, as well as to bypass protein barriers via intersegmental transfer. Our combined single-molecule experiment and kinetic modelling approach may serve as a platform to dissect search processes and study the effect of sequence on search kinetics for other nucleic acid-guided proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ju Cui
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience and Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Misha Klein
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience and Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit W Hegge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley D Chandradoss
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience and Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Oxford NanoImaging, Oxford, UK
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Depken
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience and Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Chirlmin Joo
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience and Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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10
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Zhang J, Léonard D, Mazurczyk R, Yeromonahos C, Monnier V, Géhin T, Monfray S, Chevolot Y, Cloarec JP. Orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned Au/TiW substrate for selective immobilization of nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:325601. [PMID: 30939458 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of nanobiosensors stresses the need for multi-material nanopatterned surfaces to enhance sensing performances. Titanium tungsten (TiW) has been mastered and routinely implemented in nanoelectronic devices, in a reproducible way and at industrial production scales. Such a material may be envisioned for use in (bio)chemical nanoelectronic sensors, but the surface functionalization of such material has yet to be studied. In the present article, the orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned Au on TiW substrates has been explored for the first time. Surface functionalizations were assessed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Au/TiW patterned substrates were functionalized with mercapto-undecamine. Thanks to the orthogonality of thiol/Au versus phosphonic acid/TiW reactions, only the Au features were modified leading to the amine derivatized surface. This allowed for the localizing of carboxy-functionalized nanoparticles by electrostatic interaction on Au with a selectivity above 10 when compared to TiW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) UMR CNRS 5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully cedex, France
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11
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Gidi Y, Bayram S, Ablenas CJ, Blum AS, Cosa G. Efficient One-Step PEG-Silane Passivation of Glass Surfaces for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39505-39511. [PMID: 30346695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface passivation to inhibit nonspecific interactions is a key requirement for in vitro single-molecule fluorescent studies. Although the standard passivation methods involve the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in two steps preferably over quartz surfaces, this protocol and improvements thereon require extensive labor and chemicals. Herein, we report an efficient one-step surface grafting of PEG-silane that yields enhanced passivation, as evidenced by reduced nonspecific interactions, over the conventional method at a minimal time and reagent cost and on glass surfaces. Our method is rooted in a mechanistic understanding of the silane reaction with the silanol groups on the glass surface. Single-molecule fluorescence studies with fluorescently tagged proteins and DNA on PEG-silane-functionalized glass surfaces validate the enhanced performance of the method. Combined with atomic force microscopy surface characterization, our study further illustrates that few remaining pinhole defects, plausibly from defects on the glass, on PEG-silane glass-coated surfaces account for the minimal background, where typically no more than one molecule is nonspecifically attached in a given diffraction-limited spot on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Gidi
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM) , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Serene Bayram
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM) , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | | | - Amy Szuchmacher Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM) , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM) , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
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12
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Kirkness MWH, Korosec CS, Forde NR. Modified Pluronic F127 Surface for Bioconjugation and Blocking Nonspecific Adsorption of Microspheres and Biomacromolecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13550-13557. [PMID: 30303387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many experiments and applications require the chemical coupling of target molecules to surfaces, during which the elimination of nonspecific interactions presents a difficult challenge. We report on a technologically accessible surface passivation and chemical conjugation method based on an NHS end-labeled F127 Pluronic block copolymer (F127-NHS). To quantify interactions between the F127-NHS surface and magnetic microspheres, we developed a simple assay: the microsphere adhesion by gravity, inversion, then counting, or "MAGIC" assay. To improve blocking of microspheres while maintaining the ability to chemically couple additional molecules, we implemented a pH-dependent two-step chemical modification process for amine microspheres. This process achieves an extremely high level of blocking nonspecific interactions (less than 2% nonspecific adhesion) for a variety of microsphere surface charges and chemical functionalities. We also demonstrate the ability to specifically tether magnetic microspheres to an F127-NHS surface, using single DNA molecules. Using the DNA microspheres, we establish the applicability of the surface for force spectroscopy (stable with an applied load >30 pN) via the massively parallel technique of centrifuge force microscopy. Finally, we demonstrate that the surface can be used in fluorescence studies with a fluorogenic peptide cleavage assay, with high levels of blocking achieved for both the fluorogenic peptide and trypsin. These results suggest applications including, but not limited to, single-molecule force spectroscopy and fluorescence, biosensors, medical implants, and anti-biofouling, which could make use of the F127-NHS surface.
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