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Martínez-Jiménez C, Chow A, Smith McWilliams AD, Martí AA. Hexagonal boron nitride exfoliation and dispersion. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16836-16873. [PMID: 37850487 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Research on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) 2-dimensional nanostructures has gained traction due to their unique chemical, thermal, and electronic properties. However, to make use of these exceptional properties and fabricate macroscopic materials, hBN often needs to be exfoliated and dispersed in a solvent. In this review, we provide an overview of the many different methods that have been used for dispersing hBN. The approaches that will be covered in this review include solvents, covalent functionalization, acids and bases, surfactants and polymers, biomolecules, intercalating agents, and thermal expansion. The properties of the exfoliated sheets obtained and the dispersions are discussed, and an overview of the work in the field throughout the years is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | | | - Angel A Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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2
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Kang M, Kim J, Lim H, Ko J, Kim HS, Joo Y, Moon SY, Jang SG, Lee E, Ahn S. Eco-Friendly Dispersant-Free Purification Method of Boron Nitride Nanotubes through Controlling Surface Tension and Steric Repulsion with Solvents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2593. [PMID: 37764622 PMCID: PMC10537017 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were purified without the use of a dispersant by controlling the surface tension and steric repulsion of solvent molecules. This method effectively enhanced the difference in solubilities of impurities and BNNTs. The purification process involved optimizing the alkyl-chains of alcohol solvents and adjusting the concentration of alcohol solvent in water to regulate surface tension and steric repulsion. Among the solvents tested, a 70 wt% t-butylalcohol in water mixture exhibited the highest selective isolation of BNNTs from impurities based on differences in solubilities. This favorable outcome was attributed to the surface tension matching with BNNTs, steric repulsion from bulky alkyl chain structures, and differences in interfacial energy between BNNT-liquid and impurity-liquid interfaces. Through this optimized purification process, impurities were removed to an extent of up to 93.3%. Additionally, the purified BNNTs exhibited a distinct liquid crystal phase, which was not observed in the unpurified BNNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmo Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjin Lim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
| | - Jaehyoung Ko
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
| | - Hong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
| | - Yongho Joo
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
| | - Se Youn Moon
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea; (M.K.)
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Rekhi S, Sundaravadivelu Devarajan D, Howard MP, Kim YC, Nikoubashman A, Mittal J. Role of Strong Localized vs Weak Distributed Interactions in Disordered Protein Phase Separation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3829-3838. [PMID: 37079924 PMCID: PMC10187732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Interaction strength and localization are critical parameters controlling the single-chain and condensed-state properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here, we decipher these relationships using coarse-grained heteropolymers comprised of hydrophobic (H) and polar (P) monomers as model IDPs. We systematically vary the fraction of P monomers XP and employ two distinct particle-based models that include either strong localized attractions between only H-H pairs (HP model) or weak distributed attractions between both H-H and H-P pairs (HP+ model). To compare different sequences and models, we first carefully tune the attraction strength for all sequences to match the single-chain radius of gyration. Interestingly, we find that this procedure produces similar conformational ensembles, nonbonded potential energies, and chain-level dynamics for single chains of almost all sequences in both models, with some deviations for the HP model at large XP. However, we observe a surprisingly rich phase behavior for the sequences in both models that deviates from the expectation that similarity at the single-chain level will translate to a similar phase-separation propensity. Coexistence between dilute and dense phases is only observed up to a model-dependent XP, despite the presence of favorable interchain interactions, which we quantify using the second virial coefficient. Instead, the limited number of attractive sites (H monomers) leads to the self-assembly of finite-sized clusters of different sizes depending on XP. Our findings strongly suggest that models with distributed interactions favor the formation of liquid-like condensates over a much larger range of sequence compositions compared to models with localized interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Rekhi
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | - Michael P. Howard
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Young C. Kim
- Center
for Materials Physics and Technology, Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Liu M, Sun C, Wu S, Zhu M, Zhang Y. Nanoarchitectonics of Indocyanine Green/Doxorubicin-Loaded Hydroxyl Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Chemophotothermal Therapy. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200277. [PMID: 36284257 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were effectively loaded with indocyanine green and doxorubicin using successive assembly. The indocyanine green/doxorubicin-loaded hydroxyl boron nitride nanosheets (ICG/DOX@OH-BNNS) integrated photothermal therapy and chemotherapy into a single nano vehicle. It had been confirmed that ICG/DOX@OH-BNNS could produce reactive oxygen species and exhibit excellent photothermal effects and light-triggered faster DOX release with NIR laser irradiation. On the other hand, the fluorescence of DOX in ICG/DOX@OH-BNNS was also used for visualizing subcellular location. Compared with individual chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, the combined treatment of ICG/DOX@OH-BNNS could synergistically induce the apoptosis and death of A549 cells and suppress S180 tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Chiyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang medical colleges, Shenyang, 110034, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Mingchang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
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Chattaraj KG, Paul S. Appraising the potency of small molecule inhibitors and their graphene surface-mediated organizational attributes on uric acid-melamine clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1029-1047. [PMID: 34927187 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) and melamine (MM) crystallization in humans is associated with adverse medical conditions, including the germination of kidney stones, because of their low solubility. The growth of kidney stones, usually formed on renal papillary facades, is accomplished on the matrix-coated surface by the aggregation of preformed crystals or secondary crystal nucleation. Therefore, the effects of inhibitors such as theobromine (TB) and allopurinol (AP) on MM-UA aggregation are investigated by employing classical molecular dynamics simulations on a graphene surface. This impersonates the exact essence of the precipitation of kidney stones. The interaction between MM-UA is very intense and, thus, large clusters are formed on the surface. The presence of TB and AP will, however, substantially inhibit their aggregation. TB and AP significantly impede UA aggregation in particular. Therefore, lower order UA clusters are formed. These smaller UA clusters then pull a lower number of MM towards themselves, resulting in a smaller order UA-MM cluster. MM and UA aggregation on a 2D graphene surface is found to be spontaneous. There is no difference in these molecules' adsorption with a change in the force field parameters (i.e., GAFF and OPLS-AA) for graphene. Moreover, the greater the surface area of graphene, the more molecules are absorbed. The solute-surface van der Waals interaction energy plays a driving force in the adsorption of solute molecules on the surface. In addition, interactions like hydrogen bonding and π-stacking over the graphene surface involve binding all like molecules. These aggregated solute molecules strongly attract more like molecules until all solute molecules are adsorbed on the graphene surface, as estimated by enhanced sampling. The molecular origin of graphene exfoliation by MM is also described here. The present work helps to design novel kidney stone inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Assam, India, 781039.
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6
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Meziani MJ, Sheriff K, Parajuli P, Priego P, Bhattacharya S, Rao AM, Quimby JL, Qiao R, Wang P, Hwu SJ, Wang Z, Sun YP. Advances in Studies of Boron Nitride Nanosheets and Nanocomposites for Thermal Transport and Related Applications. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100645. [PMID: 34626067 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and exfoliated nanosheets (BNNs) not only resemble their carbon counterparts graphite and graphene nanosheets in structural configurations and many excellent materials characteristics, especially the ultra-high thermal conductivity, but also offer other unique properties such as being electrically insulating and extreme chemical stability and oxidation resistance even at elevated temperatures. In fact, BNNs as a special class of 2-D nanomaterials have been widely pursued for technological applications that are beyond the reach of their carbon counterparts. Highlighted in this article are significant recent advances in the development of more effective and efficient exfoliation techniques for high-quality BNNs, the understanding of their characteristic properties, and the use of BNNs in polymeric nanocomposites for thermally conductive yet electrically insulating materials and systems. Major challenges and opportunities for further advances in the relevant research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Meziani
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA.,Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, Missouri, 64468, USA
| | - Kirkland Sheriff
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Paul Priego
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Sriparna Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Jesse L Quimby
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Shiou-Jyh Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
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7
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Kode VR, Hinkle KR, Ao G. Interaction of DNA-Complexed Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Cosolvents Impacts Dispersion and Length Characteristics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10934-10944. [PMID: 34496213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Processing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) for applications ranging from nanomedicine to electronics generally requires dispersions of nanotubes that are stable in various compounds and solvents. We show that alcohol/water cosolvents, particularly isopropyl alcohol (IPA), are essential for the complexation of BNNTs with DNA under mild bath sonication. The resulting DNA-wrapped BNNT complexes are highly stable during purification and solvent exchange from cosolvents to water, providing potential for the versatile liquid-phase processing of BNNTs. Via molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that IPA assists in the solvation of BNNTs due to its pseudosurfactant nature by verifying that water is replaced in the solvation layer as IPA is added. We quantify the solvation free energy of BNNTs in various IPA/water mixtures and observe a nonmonotonic trend, highlighting the importance of utilizing solvent-nanotube interactions in nanomaterial dispersions. Additionally, we show that nanotube lengths can be characterized by rheology measurements via determining the viscosity of dilute dispersions of DNA-BNNTs. This represents the bulk sample property in the liquid state, as compared to conventional imaging techniques that require surface deposition and drying. Our results also demonstrate that BNNT dispersions exhibit the rheological behavior of dilute Brownian rigid rods, which can be further exploited for the controlled processing and property enhancement of BNNT-enabled assemblies such as films and fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara R Kode
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Kevin R Hinkle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Geyou Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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Nie X, Li G, Jiang Z, Li W, Ouyang T, Wang J. Co-Solvent Exfoliation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Effect of Raw Bulk Boron Nitride Size and Co-Solvent Composition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1035. [PMID: 32481653 PMCID: PMC7352847 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliation of two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) from parent bulk material has been receiving intensive attention because of its fascinating physical properties. Liquid exfoliation is a simple, scalable approach to produce single-layer or few-layer BNNS. In this paper, water/propanol co-solvent exfoliation of bulk boron nitride under the assistance of sonication was investigated in detail. Special attention was paid on the effect of raw bulk boron nitride size and co-solvent composition. The results show that sonication of small-size hexagonal boron nitride tends to generate large nanosheets, due to a predominant solvent wedge effect. In addition, it is found that the composition of water/propanol co-solvent has an important effect on exfoliation efficiency. Interestingly, although two isomers of 1-propanol (NPA) and 2-propanol (IPA) have the same molecular weight and similar surface tension, their aqueous solutions allow the formation of boron nitride nanosheets dispersion with markedly different concentrations. It is proposed that due to their spatial configuration difference, NPA with its longer molecular chain and fewer hydrophobic methyl group tends to form dynamic water-NPA clusters with larger size than water-IPA clusters. The hydrodynamic radius of the co-solvent "clusters" was calculated to be 0.72 nm for water/NPA system and 0.44 nm for water/IPA system at their maximum, respectively. Their size changes, represented by two curves, indicate a strong "cluster size" effect on exfoliation efficiency. Our work provides an insight into co-solvent exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride and emphasizes the importance of co-solvent cluster size in exfoliation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Nie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.N.); (G.L.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.N.); (G.L.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.N.); (G.L.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.N.); (G.L.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.N.); (G.L.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (X.N.); (G.L.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (J.W.)
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9
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Tunable dispersibility and wettability of graphene oxide through one-pot functionalization and reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:771-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Lobo K, Trivedi S, Matte HSSR. Highly concentrated and stabilizer-free transition-metal dichalcogenide dispersions in low-boiling point solvent for flexible electronics. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10746-10755. [PMID: 31120460 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase exfoliation has provided an efficient and scalable route to obtain dispersions of layered materials. Dispersions in low-boiling solvents facilitate the ease of processing; however, the challenge of obtaining them at high concentrations still prevails. Herein, the use of 2-butanone (B.P. 80 °C) as an effective solvent for the exfoliation of transition-metal dichalcogenides is reported for the first time. Among these, MoS2 was studied in detail to maximize the dispersion concentrations, reaching values up to 5.5 mg ml-1 without the use of any stabilizer. This exceptional efficiency of 2-butanone to exfoliate and stabilize the dispersions at high concentrations enabled the size separation of nanosheets by liquid cascade centrifugation. Extensive characterization by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques revealed the efficacy of the proposed process in separating mono- and few-layers. To showcase the utility of this low-boiling point solvent, a flexible photodetector was fabricated by spray-coating the dispersions on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The device exhibited a fast response time (<50 ms) and 80% retention in responsivity after 1000 flexing cycles. The present study suggests that molecular interactions between the solvent and nanosheet could play a critical role in the achievement of high efficiencies and provide an additional aspect to consider in solvent selection, along with the Hansen solubility parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lobo
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, Bengaluru, India 560013.
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Merlo A, Mokkapati VRSS, Pandit S, Mijakovic I. Boron nitride nanomaterials: biocompatibility and bio-applications. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2298-2311. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00516h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron nitride has structural characteristics similar to carbon 2D materials (graphene and its derivatives) and its layered structure has been exploited to form different nanostructures such as nanohorns, nanotubes, nanoparticles and nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Merlo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- Torino 10129
- Italy
| | - V. R. S. S. Mokkapati
- Systems and Synthetic Biology
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Goteborg 41329
- Sweden
| | - S. Pandit
- Systems and Synthetic Biology
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Goteborg 41329
- Sweden
| | - I. Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Goteborg 41329
- Sweden
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