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Fromme T, Reichenberger S, Tibbetts KM, Barcikowski S. Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents - products, reactions, and perspectives. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:638-663. [PMID: 38887526 PMCID: PMC11181208 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) is an established method for producing functional and durable nanomaterials and catalysts in virtually any liquid of choice. While the redox reactions during laser synthesis in water are fairly well understood, the corresponding reactions in organic liquids remain elusive, particularly because of the much greater complexity of carbon chemistry. To this end, this article first reviews the knowledge base of chemical reactions during LSPC and then deduces identifiable reaction pathways and mechanisms. This review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the formation of doped, compounded, and encapsulated nanoparticles. It will be shown how the choice of solvent, synthesis method, and laser parameters influence the nanostructure formation as well as the amount and chain length of the generated polyyne by-products. Finally, theoretical approaches to address the mechanisms of organic liquid decomposition and carbon shell formation are highlighted and discussed regarding current challenges and future perspectives of LSPC using organic liquids instead of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Fromme
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Katharine M Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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2
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Yu X, Wang Z, Cui H, Wu X, Chai W, Wei J, Chen Y, Zhang Z. A Review on Gold Nanotriangles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Their Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:8766. [PMID: 36557899 PMCID: PMC9783914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with interesting optical properties have attracted much attention in recent years. The synthesis and plasmonic properties of AuNPs with a controllable size and shape have been extensively investigated. Among these AuNPs, gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) exhibited unique optical and plasmonic properties due to their special triangular anisotropy. Indeed, AuNTs showed promising applications in optoelectronics, optical sensing, imaging and other fields. However, only few reviews about these applications have been reported. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the synthesis and self-assembly of AuNTs and their applications in recent years. The preparation protocols of AuNTs are mainly categorized into chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and physical-stimulus-induced synthesis. The comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of various synthetic strategies are discussed. Furthermore, the specific surface modification of AuNTs and their self-assembly into different dimensional nano- or microstructures by various interparticle interactions are introduced. Based on the unique physical properties of AuNTs and their assemblies, the applications towards chemical biology and sensing were developed. Finally, the future development of AuNTs is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinjian Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhide Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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3
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Mioc A, Mioc M, Ghiulai R, Voicu M, Racoviceanu R, Trandafirescu C, Dehelean C, Coricovac D, Soica C. Gold Nanoparticles as Targeted Delivery Systems and Theranostic Agents in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6493-6513. [PMID: 31057102 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide, while most chemotherapies induce nonselective toxicity and severe systemic side effects. To address these problems, targeted nanoscience is an emerging field that promises to benefit cancer patients. Gold nanoparticles are nowadays in the spotlight due to their many well-established advantages. Gold nanoparticles are easily synthesizable in various shapes and sizes by a continuously developing set of means, including chemical, physical or eco-friendly biological methods. This review presents gold nanoparticles as versatile therapeutic agents playing many roles, such as targeted delivery systems (anticancer agents, nucleic acids, biological proteins, vaccines), theranostics and agents in photothermal therapy. They have also been outlined to bring great contributions in the bioimaging field such as radiotherapy, magnetic resonance angiography and photoacoustic imaging. Nevertheless, gold nanoparticles are therapeutic agents demonstrating its in vitro anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on various cell lines, such as human cervix, human breast, human lung, human prostate and murine melanoma cancer cells. In vivo studies have pointed out data regarding the bioaccumulation and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles, but it has been emphasized that size, dose, surface charge, sex and especially administration routes are very important variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
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4
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Kanitz A, Kalus MR, Gurevich EL, Ostendorf A, Barcikowski S, Amans D. Review on experimental and theoretical investigations of the early stage, femtoseconds to microseconds processes during laser ablation in liquid-phase for the synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ab3dbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Okamoto T, Nakamura T, Sakota K, Yatsuhashi T. Synthesis of Single-Nanometer-Sized Gold Nanoparticles in Liquid-Liquid Dispersion System by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12123-12129. [PMID: 31446759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show unique optical properties and catalytic activities, and their synthesis from gold ions has been widely studied. One of the additive-reagent-free and noncontact production procedures is the reduction of gold ions in solution by femtosecond laser pulses; however, the aggregation of AuNPs is unavoidable in homogeneous solution. Here, we report the synthesis of single-nanometer-sized AuNPs in a mixture of aqueous HAuCl4 solution and n-hexane (the mixture) and in aqueous HAuCl4 solution (the aqueous solution) by femtosecond laser irradiation in the absence of any additive reagents. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that circlelike colonies consisting of well-separated AuNPs were obtained from the mixture, while highly stacked and agglomerated AuNPs were obtained from the aqueous solution. The mean size of AuNPs in the mixture was nearly independent of the laser irradiation time, whereas that obtained in aqueous solution was gradually shifted to smaller size by laser irradiation period. We propose that the adsorption of primary AuNPs on the surface of hexane microdroplets and the fragmentation of large AuNPs in water by successive laser pulses retain single-nanometer-sized AuNPs in the mixture. The use of liquid-liquid interface on hexane microdroplets in aqueous solution provides a simple and useful environment to synthesize small AuNPs without the aid of surfactants or capping agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, Sendai , Miyagi 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Kenji Sakota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yatsuhashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
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6
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Tangeysh B, Odhner JH, Wang Y, Wayland BB, Levis RJ. Formation of Copper(I) Oxide- and Copper(I) Cyanide-Polyacetonitrile Nanocomposites through Strong-Field Laser Processing of Acetonitrile Solutions of Copper(II) Acetate Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6430-6438. [PMID: 31266303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation studies of acetonitrile solutions of copper(II) acetate dimer ([Cu(OAc)2]2) using high energy, simultaneously spatially and temporally focused (SSTF) ultrashort laser pulses are reported. Under ambient conditions, irradiation for relatively short periods of time (10-20 s) selectively produces relatively small, narrowly size-dispersed (3.5 ± 0.7 nm) copper(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) embedded in CuCN-polyacetonitrile polymers generated in situ by the laser. The Cu2O NPs become embedded in a CuCN-polyacetonitrile network as they form, stabilizing them and protecting the air-sensitive material from oxygen. Laser irradiation of acetonitrile causes fragmentation into transient radicals that initiate and terminate polymerization of acetonitrile. Control and mechanistic investigations reveal that HCN formed during laser irradiation reacts rapidly to reduce the Cu(II) centers in [Cu(OAc)2]2, leading to the formation of CuCN or, in the presence of water, Cu2O nanoparticles that bind and cross-link CuCN-polyacetonitrile chains. The acetate-bridged Cu(II) dimer unit is a required structural feature that functions to preorganize and direct the Cu(II) reduction and selective formation of CuCN and Cu2O nanoparticles. This study illustrates how rapid deposition of energy using shaped, ultrashort laser pulses can initiate multiple photolytic and thermal processes that lead to the selective formation of composite nanoparticle/polymer materials for applications in electronics and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Tangeysh
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Johanan H Odhner
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Bradford B Wayland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Robert J Levis
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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7
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Requejo KI, Liopo AV, Derry PJ, Zubarev ER. Improving the Shape Yield and Long-Term Stability of Gold Nanoprisms with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9777-9784. [PMID: 31290673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoprisms (AuNPRs) are anisotropic nanostructures that have gained great attention in recent years because of their interesting and unique optical properties that can be tailored for biomedical, energy, and sensing applications. At present, several protocols have reported the high yield synthesis of AuNPRs of different dimensions using a seed-mediated approach. However, there is a need to develop reproducible and scalable methods with the goal of a controllable synthesis. Here, we report an improved seed-mediated synthesis of small monodisperse AuNPRs of distinct sizes in high yield using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as an additive in nanomolar concentrations. We show optimal synthetic parameters for a blue-shifting of the surface plasmon resonance band which correlates with the reduction in the edge length (L) of AuNPRs from 75 to 35 nm. Using measured extinction coefficients for AuNPRs of different sizes, a linear equation is proposed to estimate the concentration of unknown samples by using Beer's law. Interestingly, the use of nanomolar amounts of PVP during the growth of AuNPRs significantly improves the shape yield. The surface chemistry properties of AuNPRs were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and revealed that PVP chains interact with AuNPRs through the carbonyl oxygen. This method is reproducible and scalable and enables the synthesis of AuNPRs with long-term shape stability (1 year) in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne I Requejo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Paul J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 S Main Street Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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8
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Szustakiewicz P, González‐Rubio G, Scarabelli L, Lewandowski W. Robust Synthesis of Gold Nanotriangles and their Self-Assembly into Vertical Arrays. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:705-711. [PMID: 31205847 PMCID: PMC6559201 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an efficient, seed-mediated method for the synthesis of gold nanotriangles (NTs) which can be used for controlled self-assembly. The main advantage of the proposed synthetic protocol is that it relies on using stable (over the course of several days) intermediate seeds. This stability translates into increasing time efficiency of the synthesis and makes the protocol experimentally less demanding ('fast addition' not required, tap water can be used in the final steps) as compared to previously reported procedures, without compromising the size and shape monodispersity of the product. We demonstrate high reproducibility of the protocol in the hands of different researchers and in different laboratories. Additionally, this modified seed-mediated method can be used to produce NTs with edge lengths between ca. 45 and 150 nm. Finally, the high 'quality' of NTs allows the preparation of long-range ordered assemblies with vertically oriented building blocks, which makes them promising candidates for future optoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szustakiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawPasteura 1 st.Warsaw02-093Poland
- CICbiomaGUNEPaseo de Miramón 182Donostia-San Sebastián20014Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Scarabelli
- CICbiomaGUNEPaseo de Miramón 182Donostia-San Sebastián20014Spain
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles90095 CaliforniaUSA
| | - Wiktor Lewandowski
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawPasteura 1 st.Warsaw02-093Poland
- CICbiomaGUNEPaseo de Miramón 182Donostia-San Sebastián20014Spain
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9
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Byram C, Moram SSB, Soma VR. SERS based detection of multiple analytes from dye/explosive mixtures using picosecond laser fabricated gold nanoparticles and nanostructures. Analyst 2019; 144:2327-2336. [PMID: 30768076 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a cutting edge analytical tool for trace analyte detection due to its highly sensitive, non-destructive and fingerprinting capability. Herein, we report the detection of multiple analytes from various mixtures using gold nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures (NSs) as SERS platforms. NPs and NSs were achieved through the simple approach of laser ablation in liquids (LAL) and their morphological studies were conducted with a UV-Visible absorption spectrometer, a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The fabricated NPs/NSs allowed the sensitive and selective detection of different mixed compounds containing (i) rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and methylene blue (MB), (ii) crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG), (iii) picric acid (explosive) and MB (dye), (iv) picric acid and 3-nitro-1,2,4- triazol-5-one (explosive, NTO) and (v) picric acid and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (explosive, DNT) using a portable Raman spectrometer. Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the capability of fabricated SERS substrates in identifying explosives and dyes from various mixtures. This could pave a new way for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in real field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandu Byram
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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10
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Rodrigues CJ, Bobb JA, John MG, Fisenko SP, El-Shall MS, Tibbetts KM. Nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles initiated by nanosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation of aqueous [AuCl 4] . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28465-28475. [PMID: 30411753 PMCID: PMC6310131 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation of aqueous [AuCl4]- with 532 nm nanosecond (ns) laser pulses produces monodisperse (PDI = 0.04) 5 nm Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) without any additives or capping agents via a plasmon-enhanced photothermal autocatalytic mechanism. Compared with 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser pulses, the AuNP growth kinetics under ns laser irradiation follow the same autocatalytic rate law, but with a significantly lower sensitivity to laser pulse energy. The results are explained using a simple model for simulating heat transfer in liquid water and at the interface with AuNPs. While the extent of water superheating with the ns laser is smaller compared to the fs laser, its significantly longer duration can provide sufficient energy to dissociate a small fraction of the [AuCl4]- present, resulting in the formation of AuNPs by coalescence of the resulting Au atoms. Irradiation of initially formed AuNPs at 532 nm results in plasmon-enhanced superheating of water, which greatly accelerates the rate of thermal dissociation of [AuCl4]- and accounts for the observed autocatalytic kinetics. The plasmon-enhanced heating under ns laser irradiation fragments the AuNPs and results in nearly uniform 5 nm particles, while the lack of particles' heating under fs laser irradiation results in the growth of the particles as large as 40 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Julian A. Bobb
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Mallory G. John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Sergey P. Fisenko
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - M. Samy El-Shall
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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11
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Versatile gold based SERS substrates fabricated by ultrafast laser ablation for sensing picric acid and ammonium nitrate. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Meader VK, John MG, Rodrigues CJ, Tibbetts KM. Roles of Free Electrons and H2O2 in the Optical Breakdown-Induced Photochemical Reduction of Aqueous [AuCl4]−. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6742-6754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kathryn Meader
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Mallory G. John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Collin J. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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