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Nandi AK. A Review on Self-Assembly Driven Optoelectronic Properties of Polythiophene-Peptide and Polythiophene-Polymer Conjugates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9385-9405. [PMID: 38682339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Polythiophene (PT) is an important conducting polymer for its outstanding optoelectronic properties. Here, we delineate the self-assembly-driven optoelectronic properties of PT-peptide and PT-polymer conjugates, taking examples from recent literature reports. PT-peptide conjugates made by both covalent and noncovalent approaches are discussed. Poly(3-thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA) covalently coupled with Gly-Gly-His tripeptide, C-protected and deprotected tripeptide H2N-F-F-V-OMe, etc. exhibits self-assembly-driven absorbance, fluorescence, photocurrent, and electronic properties. Noncovalent PT-peptide conjugates produced via ionic, H-bonding, and π-stacking interactions show tunable morphology and optoelectronic properties by varying the composition of a component. PT conjugated with Alzheimer's disease peptide (KLVFFAE, Aβ16-22) shows enhanced photocatalytic water splitting, cationic PT(CPT-I)-perylene bisimide-appended dipeptide (PBI-DY), and anionic PT-perylene diimide-appended cationic peptide (PBI-NH3+) conjugates and exhibits self-assembly-driven enhanced photoswitching and organic mixed electronic and ionic conductivity (OMEIC) properties. In the PT-polymer conjugates, self-assembly-driven optoelectronic properties of covalently produced PT-random copolymers, PT-block copolymers, PT-graft-random copolymers, and PT-graft-block copolymer conjugates are discussed. The HOMO-LUMO levels of hyperbranched polymers are optimized to obtain better power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell than in linear polymers, and P3TAA-ran-P3HT (43 mol % P3TAA) conjugated with MAPbI3 perovskite exhibits higher PCE (10%) than that with only P3TAA hole-transporting material. In the ampholytic polythiophene (APT), on increasing pH, the morphology changes from the vesicle to fibrillar network for the dethreading of the PT chain, resulting in a red shift of the absorbance peak, an enormous increase in PL intensity, lowering of the charge transfer resistance, and an induction of Warburg impedance for the release of quencher I- ions. The PT-g-(PDMAEMA-co-PGLU-HEM) graft copolymer self-assembles with Con-A lectin, causing fluorescence quenching, and acts as a sensor for Con-A with a LOD of 57 mg/L. Varying sequences of the block copolymer containing pH-responsive PDMAEMA and temperature-responsive PDEGMEM grafted to the PT backbone shows different self-assembly, optical, electronic, and photocurrent properties depending on the proximity and preponderance of the block sequence on the PT backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Liu M, Li S, Fang Y, Chen Z, Alyas M, Liu J, Zeng X, Zhang L. Mechanical and Self-Healing Behavior of Matrix-Free Polymer Nanocomposites Constructed via Grafted Graphene Nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7427-7438. [PMID: 32508099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the structure and mechanical properties of matrix-free polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) constructed via polymer-grafted graphene nanosheets are studied. The dispersion of graphene sheets is characterized by the radial distribution function (RDF) between graphene sheets. We observe that a longer polymer chain length Lg leads to a relatively better dispersion state attributed to the formation of a better brick-mud structure, effectively screening the van der Waals interactions between sheets. By tuning the interaction strength εend-end between end functional groups of grafted chains, we construct physical networks with various robustness characterized by the formation of the fractal clusters at high εend-end values. The effects of εend-end and Lg on the mechanical properties are examined, and the enhancement of the stress-strain behavior is observed with the increase of εend-end and Lg. Structural evolution during deformation is quantified by calculating the orientation of the graphene sheets and their distribution, the stress decomposition, and the size of the clusters formed between end groups and their distribution. Then, we briefly study the effects of time and temperature on the self-healing behavior of these unique PNCs in the rubbery state. Lastly, the self-healing kinetics is quantitatively analyzed. In general, this work can provide some rational guidelines to design and fabricate matrix-free PNCs with both excellent mechanical and self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhudan Chen
- Institute of Automation, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maha Alyas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Effect of molecular packing on modulation of electronic properties of organic donor–acceptor hybrid gels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Meng X, Ji Y, Yu G, Zhai Y. Preparation and Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposited Membranes based on Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) Modified Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030473. [PMID: 30960457 PMCID: PMC6474125 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanomaterial of graphene oxide grafting poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (GO-g-PNIPAAm) was synthesized and PVDF/GO-g-PNIPAAm blended membranes were fabricated by wet phase inversion. In this work, a hydrophilic nanomaterial GO-g-PNIPAAm with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) grafted on GO, was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The resulting nanomaterial was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectrum, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The synthesized GO-g-PNIPAAm was incorporated with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) via phase inversion, and investigated for its temperature sensitivity, porosity, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and permeate properties. The water contact angle measurements confirmed that GO-g-PNIPAAm nanomaterial-endowed PVDF membranes with better hydrophilicity and thermo-responsive properties compared with those of the pristine PVDF membranes. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption experiments suggested that excellent antifouling properties of membranes were acquired after adding GO-g-PNIPAAm. The modified membranes showed good performance when the doping amount of GO-g-PNIPAAm was 0.2 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Genhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yujia Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Maity N, Ghosh R, Nandi AK. Optoelectronic Properties of Self-Assembled Nanostructures of Polymer Functionalized Polythiophene and Graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7585-7597. [PMID: 29390187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we discuss the variation of optoelectronic properties with the aggregation style of polythiophene (PT) graft copolymers and polymer-modified graphene systems. Grafting of flexible polymers on a PT chain exhibits several self-organized patterns under various conditions, causing different optical and electronic properties, arising from the different conformational states of the conjugated chain. Graphene, a zero band gap material, is functionalized with polymers both covalently and noncovalently to create a finite band gap importing new optoelectronic properties. The polymer-triggered self-assembled nanostructures of PT and graphene-based materials bring unique optical/electronic properties suitable for sensing toxic ions, nitroaromatics, and surfactants, for drug delivery, and also for fabricating molecular logic gates, electronic rectifiers, photocurrent devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabasmita Maity
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700 032 , India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700 032 , India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700 032 , India
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Mandal D, Routh P, Nandi AK. A New Facile Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide from Tungsten Disulfide: Structure Dependent Supercapacitor and Negative Differential Resistance Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702881. [PMID: 29194967 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide (WO3 ) is an emerging 2D nanomaterial possessing unique physicochemical properties extending a wide spectrum of novel applications which are limited due to lack of efficient synthesis of high-quality WO3 . Here, a facile new synthetic method of forming WO3 from tungsten sulfide, WS2 is reported. Spectroscopic, microscopic, and X-ray studies indicate formation of flower like aggregated nanosized WO3 plates of highly crystalline cubic phase via intermediate orthorhombic tungstite, WO3. H2 O phase. The charge storage ability of WO3 is extremely high (508 F g-1 at current density of 1 A g-1 ) at negative potential range compared to tungstite (194 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 ). Moreover, high (97%) capacity retention after 1000 cycles and capacitive charge storage nature of WO3 electrode suggest its supremacy as a negative electrode of supercapacitors. The asymmetric supercapacitor, based on the WO3 as a negative electrode and mildly reduced graphene oxide as a positive electrode, manifests high energy density of 218.3 mWhm-2 at power density 1750 mWm-2 , and exceptionally high power density, 17 500 mW m-2 , with energy density of 121.5 mWh m-2 . Furthermore, the negative differential resistance (NDR) property of both WO3 and WO3 .H2 O are reported for the first time and NDR is explained with density of state approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Mandal
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Parimal Routh
- Department of Chemistry, Charuchandra College, 22 Lake Road, Kolkata, 700 029, India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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Maity N, Chakraborty P, Nandi AK. Influence of Chain Length on the Self-Assembly of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Grafted Graphene Quantum Dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13384-13393. [PMID: 29099187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifarious applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) necessitate surface modifications to enhance their solution processability. Herein, we report the synthesis and self-assembly of GQDs grafted with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) of different degrees of polymerization (3, 7, 15, and 21) produced from ring-opening polymerization. Optical and morphological studies unveil the transformation of the assemblies from J-aggregates to H-aggregates, accompanied by an alteration in morphology from toroid to spheroid to rodlike structures with increasing chain length of PCL. Functionalized GQDs with lower chain lengths of PCL at higher concentration also assemble into liquid-crystalline phases as observed from birefringent textures, which are later correlated to the formation of columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophases. However, no such behavior is observed at higher chain lengths of PCL under identical conditions. Therefore, it is evident that the variation in the PCL chain length plays a crucial role in the self-assembly, which is primarily triggered by the van der Waals force between the polymer chains dictating the π stacking of GQDs, resulting in different self- aggregated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabasmita Maity
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Priyadarshi Chakraborty
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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Ghosh R, Chatterjee DP, Das S, Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A, Nandi AK. Influence of Hofmeister I - on Tuning Optoelectronic Properties of Ampholytic Polythiophene by Varying pH and Conjugating with RNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12739-12749. [PMID: 29028346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A significant tuning of optoelectronic properties of polythiophene (PT) chains due to Hofmeister iodide (I-) ion is demonstrated in ampholytic polythiophene [polythiophene-g-poly{(N,N,N-trimethylamino iodide)ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid}, APT] at different pHs. In acidic medium, the absorption and emission signals of PT chromophore exhibit appreciable blue shift in the presence of I- as counteranion only. The cooperative effect of undissociated -COOH and quaternary ammonium groups immobilize I- near the apolar PT chain causing threading of grafted chains and hence twisting of the backbone attributing to the blue shift. As medium pH is increased, dethreading of the PT backbone occurs due to ionization of -COOH group, releasing quencher iodide ions from the vicinity of the PT chains resulting in a red shift in absorption and a sharp hike in fluorescence intensity (390 times) for an increase of excitons lifetime. With an increase of pH, morphology changes from a multivesicular aggregate with vacuoles to smaller size vesicles and finally to nanofibrillar network structure. Dethreading is also found when APT interacts with RNA showing a significant hike of fluorescence (22 times) for displacing iodide ions forming a nanofibrillar network morphology. Threading and dethreading also affect the resistance, capacitance, and Warburg impedance values of APT. Molecular dynamics simulation of a model APT chain in a water box supports the threading at lower pH where the iodide ions pose nearer to the PT chain than that at higher pH causing dethreading. So the influence of Hofmeister I- ion is established for tuning the optoelectronic properties of a novel PT based polyampholyte by changing pH or by conjugating with RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sujoy Das
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Titas K Mukhopadhyay
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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