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Denikaev A, Kuznetsova Y, Bykov A, Zhilyakov A, Belova K, Abramov P, Moskalenko N, Skorb E, Grzhegorzhevskii K. Keplerate {Mo 132}-Stearic Acid Conjugates: Supramolecular Synthons for the Design of Dye-Loaded Nanovesicles, Langmuir-Schaefer Films, and Infochemical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7430-7443. [PMID: 38299992 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly gives rise to the versatile strategies of smart material design but requires precise control on the supramolecular level. Here, inorganic-organic synthons (conjugates) are produced by covalently grafting stearic acid tails to giant polyoxometalate (POM) Keplerate-type {Mo132} through an organosilicon linker (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, APTMS). Using the liposome production approach, the synthons self-assemble to form hollow nanosized vesicles (100-200 nm in diameter), which can be loaded with organic dyes─eriochrome black T (ErChB) and fluorescein (FL)─where the POM layer serves as a membrane with subnanopores for cell-like communication. The dye structure plays an essential role in embedding dyes into the vesicle's shell, which opens the way to control the colloidal stability of the system. The produced vesicles are moved by an electric field and used for the creation of an infochemistry scheme with three types of logic gates (AND, OR, and IMP). To design 2D materials, synthons can form spread films, from simple addition on the water-air interface to lateral compression in the Langmuir bath, and highly ordered structures appear, demonstrating electron diffraction in Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films. These results show the significant potential of POM-based synthons and nanosized vesicles to supramolecular design the diversity of smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Denikaev
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Kuznetsova
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the RAS, 91, Pervomaiskaya St., 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Bykov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arkadiy Zhilyakov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- M.N. Mikheev lnstitute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of RAS,18 S. Kovalevskaya St., 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ksenia Belova
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St./20 Akademicheskaya St., 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Abramov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolai Moskalenko
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of RAS, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St./20 Akademicheskaya St., 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Sihler S, Amenitsch H, Lindén M, Ziener U. Investigation of the Mechanism of SiO 2 Particle and Capsule Formation at the Oil-Water Interface of Dye-Stabilized Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9741-9750. [PMID: 35925782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a previous contribution we described the formation of silica nanostructures in dye-stabilized nanoemulsions from tetraethyl orthosilicate droplets in water. Depending on the type of dye, either capsules (crystal violet, CV) or nanoparticles (congo red, CR) are formed. The thorough study of the sol-gel process uses a combination of time- and/or temperature-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy to elucidate the detailed kinetics and mechanism of structure formation. In both cases, small nuclei of 1.5-2 nm are formed, followed by either a fast cluster-cluster (CV) or a much slower monomer-cluster aggregation (CR). The former leads to a cross-linked network and finally to patchy capsules, while the latter leads to individual nanoparticles (SNPs). From an Avrami plot it can be deduced that the SNPs are formed by an interface-controlled one-dimensional growth process. The mechanisms are based on the different local environments at the oil-water interface, which is either slightly acidic (CV) or fairly basic (CR). The kinetics differ by a factor between 3 and 20 and are presumably caused by the different mobility of the catalyzing species H+ or OH-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sihler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Xue M, Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhang P, Sihler S, Ziener U. Dual function of Eosin Y in miniemulsion polymerization: Stabilizer and FRET acceptor. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li J, Sihler S, Ziener U. Double in Situ Preparation of Raspberry-like Polymer Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6161-6168. [PMID: 30983366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined raspberry-like poly(styrene- co-4-vinylpyridine)-SiO2 nanocomposite particles with a diameter of around 200 nm were easily prepared by a double in situ process in nanoemulsion with the water-soluble dye Eosin Y as the stabilizer. During radical polymerization of the nanodroplets comprising styrene, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the silane phase is expelled from the polymer phase to the oil/water (o/w) interface. In the later polymerization stage, SiO2 nanoparticles with a size of around 25 nm were produced via the in situ sol-gel reaction of TEOS at the o/w interface promoted by the negatively charged dye. The pyridine moieties in the copolymer fix the SiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the polymer particles by electrostatic interactions without any sign of free unbound silica particles as proven by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , Ulm 89081 , Germany
| | - Susanne Sihler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , Ulm 89081 , Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , Ulm 89081 , Germany
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Stehl D, Milojević N, Stock S, Schomäcker R, von Klitzing R. Synergistic Effects of a Rhodium Catalyst on Particle-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions for the Hydroformylation of a Long-Chain Olefin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Stehl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nataša Milojević
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stock
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Sihler S, Nguyen PL, Lindén M, Ziener U. Green Chemistry in Red Emulsion: Interface of Dye Stabilized Emulsions as a Powerful Platform for the Formation of sub-20-nm SiO 2 Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24310-24319. [PMID: 29944825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye stabilized nanoemulsions offer the unique possibility of creating both silica capsules and sub-20-nm particles with precise control of particle size and narrow dispersity from the same system by the choice of the proper dye. The large o/w interface enhances the kinetics of particle formation significantly over macroscopic interfaces which enables the synthesis of silica nanoparticles without any catalyst or elevated temperatures under static conditions. This is in contrast to syntheses for sub-20-nm silica nanoparticles described until now which can normally not be conducted at neutral pH and/or room temperature without stirring. Furthermore, the synthesis can be run without any additional organic solvent and the dyes can be easily removed from the dispersion which opens the pathway to silica dispersions containing only particles, traces of ethanol and water at neutral pH without centrifugation, washing, or redispersion in accordance with the idea of "green chemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sihler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Phuong Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III-Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials , University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
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Zhenqian Z, Sihler S, Ziener U. Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) as compatible stabilizer for miniemulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 507:337-343. [PMID: 28803027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Many solid particles have been used in Pickering stabilized (mini)emulsions. Stabilizing "particles" can be also formed in situ e.g. by aggregation of dye molecules as reported recently. Among the dyes sodium 2-hydroxy-5-[(E)-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]benzoate (Alizarin Yellow R, (AYR)) is one of the best stabilizers. It is assumed to act as sole stabilizer also in heterophase polymerizations and offers a great potential for applications. EXPERIMENTS Aqueous solutions of AYR in varying concentrations (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0mg/mL (dye/water)) were employed as continuous phase in direct miniemulsions. The oil phase comprised ethenylbenzene (styrene) and hexadecane. The effects of AYR concentration and ultrasonication time on size and distribution of the droplets were investigated. The miniemulsions were polymerized with a water-soluble azo-initiator (2,2'-azobis[n-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine] n-hydrate, VA-057) and conversion and kinetics were determined. FINDINGS The AYR is successfully employed as stabilizer in Pickering-like miniemulsion polymerizations of styrene. The higher the AYR concentrations the more stable the miniemulsions, the smaller the droplet sizes and the narrower the distributions are, ranging from ca. 450 to 180nm and 0.38 to 0.15, respectively. The nucleation mechanism of the polymer particles could be revealed by the number ratio of droplets and particles and follows droplet nucleation. This is confirmed by polymerization kinetics, which is in accordance with classical miniemulsion polymerization, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhenqian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; Institute of Organic Chemistry III - Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Susanne Sihler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III - Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III - Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany. http://www.uni-ulm.de/nawi/institut-fuer-organische-chemie-iii.html
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Kaptay G. On the Negative Surface Tension of Solutions and on Spontaneous Emulsification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10550-10560. [PMID: 28918625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The condition of negative surface tension of a binary regular solution is discussed in this paper using the recently reconfirmed Butler equation (Langmuir 2015, 31, 5796-5804). It is shown that the surface tension becomes negative only for solutions with strong repulsion between the components. This repulsion for negative surface tension should be so strong that this phenomenon appears only within a miscibility gap, that is, in a two-phase region of macroscopic liquid solutions. Thus, for a macroscopic solution, the negative surface tension is possible only in a nonequilibrium state. However, for a nano-solution, negative surface tension is also possible in equilibrium state. It is also shown that nano- and microemulsions can be thermodynamically stable against both coalescence and phase separation. Further, the thermodynamic theory of emulsion stability is developed for a three-component (A-B-C) system with A-rich droplets dispersed in a C-rich matrix, separated by the segregated B-rich layer (the solubility of B is limited in both A and C while the mutual solubility of A and C is neglected). It is shown that when a critical droplet size is achieved by forced emulsification, it is replaced by spontaneous emulsification and the droplet size is reduced further to its equilibrium value. The existence of maximum temperature of emulsion stability is shown. Using low-energy emulsification below this maximum temperature, spontaneous emulsification can appear, which is enhanced with further decrease of temperature. This finding can be applied to interpret the experimental observations on spontaneous emulsification or for the design of stable micro- and nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kaptay
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc , Egyetemvaros, Miskolc 3515, Hungary
- MTA-ME Materials Science Research Group , Egyetemvaros, Miskolc 3515, Hungary
- Bay Zoltan Ltd on Applied Research, BAY-ENG , 2 Igloi, Miskolc 3519, Hungary
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