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Le Brun AP, Gilbert EP. Advances in sample environments for neutron scattering for colloid and interface science. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 327:103141. [PMID: 38631095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in sample environments across the full complement of applicable neutron scattering techniques to colloid and interface science. Temperature, pressure, flow, tensile testing, ultrasound, chemical reactions, IR/visible/UV light, confinement, humidity and electric and magnetic field application, as well as tandem X-ray methods, are all addressed. Consideration for material choices in sample environments and data acquisition methods are also covered as well as discussion of current and potential future use of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Elliot Paul Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
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Armstrong AJ, McCoy TM, Welbourn RJL, Barker R, Rawle JL, Cattoz B, Dowding PJ, Routh AF. Towards a neutron and X-ray reflectometry environment for the study of solid-liquid interfaces under shear. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9713. [PMID: 33958678 PMCID: PMC8102579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel neutron and X-ray reflectometry sample environment is presented for the study of surface-active molecules at solid–liquid interfaces under shear. Neutron reflectometry was successfully used to characterise the iron oxide–dodecane interface at a shear rate of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$7.0\times {}10^{2}$$\end{document}7.0×102\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$\end{document}s-1 using a combination of conventional reflectometry theory coupled with the summation of reflected intensities to describe reflectivity from thicker films. Additionally, the structure adopted by glycerol monooleate (GMO), an Organic Friction Modifier, when adsorbed at the iron oxide–dodecane interface at a shear rate of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$\end{document}s-1 was studied. It was found that GMO forms a surface layer that appears unaltered by the effect of shear, where the thickness of the GMO layer was found to be \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$24.3^{+9.9}_{-10.2}$$\end{document}24.3-10.2+9.9 Å under direct shear at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$\end{document}s-1 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$25.8^{+4.4}_{-5.2}$$\end{document}25.8-5.2+4.4 Å when not directly under shear. Finally, a model to analyse X-ray reflectometry data collected with the sample environment is also described and applied to data collected at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$\end{document}s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Armstrong
- BP Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas M McCoy
- BP Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert Barker
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Ingram Building, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jonathan L Rawle
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander F Routh
- BP Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Wang Z, Li P, Ma K, Chen Y, Webster JRP, Campana M, Yan Z, Penfold J, Thomas RK. Multivalent counterion induced multilayer adsorption at the air-water interface in dilute Aerosol-OT solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:223-232. [PMID: 33872879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of surface multilayer structures, induced by the addition of multivalent counterions in dilute surfactant solutions, has been widely observed in a range of anionic surfactants. The phenomenon is associated with the ability to manipulate surface properties, especially in the promotion of enhanced surface wetting, and in the presence of an extensive near surface reservoir for rapid surface delivery of surfactant and other active components. HYPOTHESIS In the single alkyl chain anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecysulfate, SDS, sodium alkylethoxylsulfate, SAES, and alkylestersulfonate, AES, surface multilayer formation is promoted by trivalent counterions such as Al3+, and is generally not observed with divalent counterions, such as Ca2+ or with monovalent counterions. In the di-alkyl chain anionic surfactant, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, LAS, surface multilayer formation now occurs in the presence of divalent counterions. It is attributed to the closer proximity of a bulk lamellar phase, resulting in a greater tendency for surface multilayer formation, and hence should occur in other di-alkyl chain anionic surfactants. EXPERIMENTS Aerosol-OT, AOT, is one of the most commonly used di-alkyl chain anionic surfactants, and is extensively used as an emulsifying, wetting and dispersing agent. This paper reports on predominantly neutron reflectivity, NR, measurements which explore the nature of surface multilayer formation of the sodium salt of AOT at the air-solution interface with the separate addition of Ca2+ and Al3+ counterions. FINDINGS In the AOT concentration range 0.5 to 2.0 mM surface multilayer formation occurs at the air-solution interface with the addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ counterions. Although the evolution in the surface structure with surfactant and counterion concentration is broadly similar to those reported for SDS, SAES and AES, some notable differences occur. In particular the surfactant and counterion concentration thresholds for surface multilayer formation are higher for Ca2+ than for Al3+. The differences encountered reflect the greater affinity of the di-alkyl chain structure for lamellar formation, and how the surface packing is controlled in part by the headgroup structure and the associated counterion binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peixun Li
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Kun Ma
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Yao Chen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - John R P Webster
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Zifeng Yan
- School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Jeff Penfold
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Robert K Thomas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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Stoev K, Sakurai K. Recent Progresses in Nanometer Scale Analysis of Buried Layers and Interfaces in Thin Films by X-rays and Neutrons. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:901-922. [PMID: 32147630 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the early 1960s, scientists achieved the breakthroughs in the fields of solid surfaces and artificial layered structures. The advancement of surface science has been supported by the advent of ultra-high vacuum technologies, newly discovered and established scanning probe microscopy with atomic resolution, as well as some other advanced surface-sensitive spectroscopy and microscopy. On the other hand, it has been well recognized that a number of functions are related to the structures of the interfaces, which are the thin planes connecting different materials, most likely by layering thin films. Despite the scientific significance, so far, research on such buried layers and interfaces has been limited, because the probing depth of almost all existing sophisticated analytical methods is limited to the top surface. The present article describes the recent progress in the nanometer scale analysis of buried layers and interfaces, particularly by using X-rays and neutrons. The methods are essentially promising to non-destructively probe such buried structures in thin films. The latest scientific research has been reviewed, and includes applications to bio-chemical, organic, electronic, magnetic, spintronic, self-organizing and complicated systems as well as buried liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces. Some emerging analytical techniques and instruments, which provide new attractive features such as imaging and real time analysis, are also discussed.
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Briddick A, Fong RJ, Sabattié EFD, Li P, Skoda MWA, Courchay F, Thompson RL. Blooming of Smectic Surfactant/Plasticizer Layers on Spin-Cast Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1410-1418. [PMID: 29293356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The blooming of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the influence of plasticizer (glycerol) on the surfactant distribution in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films have been explored by neutron reflectometry (NR) and ion beam analysis techniques. When in binary films with PVA, deuterated SDS (d25-SDS) forms a surface excess corresponding to a wetting layer of the surfactant molecules at the film surface. The magnitude of this surface excess increased significantly in the presence of the plasticizer, and the surfactant was largely excluded from the PVA subphase. NR revealed smectic nanostructures for both SDS and glycerol components within this surface excess in plasticized films. This combined layer comprises surfactant lamellae, separated by interstitial glycerol-rich layers, which is only formed in the plasticized films and persists throughout the surface excess. Atomic force microscopy micrographs of the film surfaces revealed platelike structures in the plasticized PVA, which were consistent with the rigid defects in the surfactant-rich lamellae. The formation of these structures arises from the synergistic surface segregation of SDS and glycerol, evidenced by surface tensiometry. Cloud point analysis of bulk samples indicates a transition at ∼55% water content, below which phase separation occurs in ternary films. This transition is likely to be necessary to form the thick wetting layer observed and therefore indicates that film components remain mobile beyond this point in the drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arron Briddick
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , Science Site, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Rebecca J Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , Science Site, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Elise F D Sabattié
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , Science Site, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Peixun Li
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories , Chilton, Didcot OX110QX, U.K
| | - Maximilian W A Skoda
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories , Chilton, Didcot OX110QX, U.K
| | - Florence Courchay
- Procter&Gamble, Brussels Innovation Center (BIC) , Temselaan 100, 1853 Strombeek Bever, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , Science Site, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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