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Lotito V, Zambelli T. Heat: A powerful tool for colloidal particle shaping. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103240. [PMID: 39024831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles of spherical shape are important building blocks for nanotechnological applications. Materials with tailored physical properties can be directly synthesized from self-assembled particles, as is the case for colloidal photonic crystals. In addition, colloidal monolayers and multilayers can be exploited as a mask for the fabrication of complex nanostructures via a colloidal lithography process for applications ranging from optoelectronics to sensing. Several techniques have been adopted to modify the shape of both individual colloidal particles and colloidal masks. Thermal treatment of colloidal particles is an effective route to introduce colloidal particle deformation or to manipulate colloidal masks (i.e. to tune the size of the interstices between colloidal particles) by heating them at elevated temperatures above a certain critical temperature for the particle material. In particular, this type of morphological manipulation based on thermal treatments has been extensively applied to polymer particles. Nonetheless, interesting shaping effects have been observed also in inorganic materials, in particular silica particles. Due to their much less complex implementation and distinctive shaping effects in comparison to dry etching or high energy ion beam irradiation, thermal treatments turn out to be a powerful and competitive tool to induce colloidal particle deformation. In this review, we examine the physicochemical principles and mechanisms of heat-induced shaping as well as its experimental implementation. We also explore its applications, going from tailored masks for colloidal lithography to the fabrication of colloidal assemblies directly useful for their intrinsic optical, thermal and mechanical properties (e.g. thermal switches) and even to the synthesis of supraparticles and anisotropic particles, such as doublets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lotito
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Chen K, Liu E, Yuan S, Zhang B. Silver Ions Drive Ordered Self-Assembly Mechanisms and Inherent Properties of Lignin Nanoflowers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3541. [PMID: 37688167 PMCID: PMC10489698 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing anisotropic lignin-based particles and promoting the high-value utilization of lignin have nowadays drawn much attention from scientists. However, systematic studies addressing the self-assembly mechanisms of anisotropic lignin-based particles are scarce. In this work, an interaction including the electrostatic forces and chelating forces between lignin and Ag+ was regulated via carboxymethylation modification. Subsequently, the aggregation morphology of carboxymethylated lignin in a Ag+ solution was observed via SEM. The result showed that a large number of Ag+ intercalated into the lignin molecules when the grafting degree of the carboxyl groups increased from 0.17 mmol/g to 0.53 mmol/g, which caused the lignin molecules to gradually transform from disordered blocks to ordered layers. Dynamics research indicated that the adsorption process of Ag+ in carboxymethylated lignin conforms to the Pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The saturated adsorption amount of Ag+ in the carboxymethylated lignin reached 1981.7 mg/g when the grafting rate of carboxyl groups increased to 0.53 mmol/g, which then fully intercalated into lignin molecules and formed a layered structure. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the thermal adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, which indicates that Ag+ is monolayer-adsorbed and intercalated into lignin molecules. Meanwhile, the ΔH values are more than 0, which suggests that this adsorption process is a endothermic reaction and that a higher temperature is conducive to an adsorption reaction. Therefore, self-assembly of lignin in a Ag+ solution under 70 °C is more conducive to the formation of a nanoflower structure, which is consistent with our experimental result. Finally, pH-responsive Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared using a lignin-based nanoflowers, which demonstrated their potential as a catalytic platform in the interface catalysis field. This work offers a deeper understanding into the formation mechanism of anisotropic lignin-based nanoflowers and hopes to be helpful for designing and preparing anisotropic lignin-based particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology & Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Encheng Liu
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shengrong Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Baoquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Mirza I, Saha S. Biocompatible Anisotropic Polymeric Particles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8241-8270. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Mirza
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Voggenreiter M, Roller J, Geiger J, Ebner L, Zumbusch A, Meijer JM. Preparation and Tracking of Oblate Core-Shell Polymethyl-Methacrylate Ellipsoids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13087-13095. [PMID: 33085481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although single-particle level studies on prolate ellipsoidal colloids are relatively abundant, similar studies on oblate ellipsoids are rare because suitable model systems are scarcely available. Here, we present the preparation of monodisperse hard core-shell oblate ellipsoids that can be imaged and tracked in 3D with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using a thermomechanical squeezing method, we transform spherical core-shell polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) particles into oblate ellipsoids. We show how the shape polydispersity as well as the aspect ratio of the obtained oblate ellipsoids can be controlled. In addition, we discuss how the core-shell geometry limits the range of aspect ratios because of the different viscoelastic properties of the cross-linked PMMA core and linear PMMA shell. We further demonstrate imaging of the core-shell oblate dispersions on a single-particle level in real space and time and the tracking of position and orientation using our recently developed tracking algorithm for anisotropic core-shell colloids. Our results thus provide the tools for the future investigation of the behavior of oblate ellipsoids, especially in dense suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Voggenreiter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jörg Roller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - John Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lukas Ebner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Janne-Mieke Meijer
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Liu X, Pan X, Debije MG, Heuts JPA, Mulder DJ, Schenning APHJ. Programmable liquid crystal elastomer microactuators prepared via thiol-ene dispersion polymerization. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4908-4911. [PMID: 32452499 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Narrowly dispersed, 10 micron-sized, liquid crystalline elastomer polymer actuators were first prepared via thiol-ene dispersion polymerization and then embedded and stretched in a polyvinyl alcohol film, followed by photopolymerization of the residual acrylate groups. Prolate micro spheroids in which the mesogens are aligned parallel to the long axis were obtained and showed reversible thermally driven actuation owing to nematic to isotropic transition of the liquid crystal molecules. The particles were also compressed to form disk-shaped oblate microactuators in which the mesogens are aligned perpendicular to the short axis, demonstrating that the reported method is a versatile method to fabricate liquid crystal elastomer microactuators with programmable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Huang H, Su Y, Xu J, Wang X. Asymmetric Morphology Transformation of Azo Molecular Glass Microspheres Induced by Polarized Light. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15295-15305. [PMID: 31661623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, photoinduced asymmetric morphology transformation of a type of azo molecular glass microspheres was thoroughly investigated to understand the effects of controlling factors on the process, related mechanism and unique functions. The monodispersed microspheres with their sizes over ten microns were fabricated from an isosorbide-based azo compound (IAC-4) by microfluidics. Under irradiation with linearly polarized light, the ten-micron-scale microspheres were transformed into three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric particles through directional mass transfer. Microscopic observations and optics simulation were employed to investigate the morphology transformations. The results show that the penetration depth of light at different wavelengths plays an extremely important role to affect the asymmetric deformation behavior of the IAC-4 microspheres, which determines deformation region, deformation degree and final shapes of the particles. The light intensity (50-200 mW/cm2) is a less important factor, while the deformation rate of the light-penetrated part linearly increases with the intensity. When the light intensity varies in this range, the deformation degree and the final asymmetric morphology are determined by exposure energy (light intensity × irradiation time). The IAC-4 microspheres with different sizes show distinct morphology transformation behavior and the deformed particles possess different shapes, caused by the variation of volume fraction of the light-penetrated part in the microspheres. The increase in the ratio of the light-penetrated part to the total volume of the microspheres results in larger scale deformations. Based on the above understanding, asymmetric particles with various morphologies can be fabricated through a precisely controllable way. The asymmetric particles loaded on various surfaces show ability to render remarkable wetting anisotropy of water droplets on the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yechao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Chiu Y, Chen J. Hierarchical and Spiral Polymer Structures: Direct Electrospinning on Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Hsuan Liu
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Yu‐Jing Chiu
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and TechnologyTaiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jiun‐Tai Chen
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and TechnologyTaiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter ScienceNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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Lo YC, Tseng HF, Chiu YJ, Wu BH, Li JW, Chen JT. Solvent-Induced Shape Recovery of Anisotropic Polymer Particles Prepared by a Modified Thermal Stretching Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8326-8332. [PMID: 29924616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic polymer particles have attracted great attention because of their unique properties and potential applications in various areas, such as microelectronics, drug delivery, and medical imaging. The fabrication and morphology control, especially the shape recovery, of anisotropic polymer particles, however, remains a challenging task. In this work, we develop a novel strategy to fabricate anisotropic polymer particles by thermally stretching poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films embedding polystyrene (PS) microspheres using a weight. Depending on the preannealing condition, anisotropic PS particles with two different shapes, sharp-headed and blunt-headed PS particles, can be obtained. The PVA films can be selectively removed by isopropanol/water, releasing the anisotropic PS particles. By adding tetrahydrofuran (THF), a good solvent for PS, into the PS particle-containing solutions, the anisotropic particles gradually transform back to spheres to reduce the total interfacial energies. The shape recovery rates of the polymer particles can be controlled by the amount of the added THF. This work not only provides a simple and feasible route to fabricate anisotropic polymer particles but also contributes to a deeper understanding in the solvent-induced shape recovery process from anisotropic polymer particles to polymer spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Lo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jing Chiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program , Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program , Academia Sinica and National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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