1
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Simultaneous electro-generation/polymerization of Cu nanocluster embedded conductive poly(2,2':5',2''-terthiophene) films at micro and macro liquid/liquid interfaces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1201. [PMID: 36681717 PMCID: PMC9867727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to be excellent electrocatalysts, particularly for CO2 reduction - a critical reaction for sequestering anthropogenic, atmospheric carbon. Herein, the micro interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is exploited for the simultaneous electropolymerization of 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene (TT) and reduction of Cu2+ to Cu nanoparticles (NPs) generating a flexible electrocatalytic composite electrode material. TT acts as an electron donor in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) through heterogeneous electron transfer across the water|DCE (w|DCE) interface to CuSO4 dissolved in water. The nanocomposite formation process was probed using cyclic voltammetry as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CV and EIS data show that the film forms quickly; however, the interfacial reaction is not spontaneous and does not proceed without an applied potential. At high [TT] the heterogeneous electron transfer wave was recorded voltammetrically but not at low [TT]. However, probing the edge of the polarizable potential window was found to be sufficient to initiate electrogeneration/electropolymerization. SEM and TEM were used to image and analyze the final Cu NP/poly-TT composites and it was discovered that there is a concomitant decrease in NP size with increasing [TT]. Preliminary electrocatalysis results at a nanocomposite modified large glassy carbon electrode saw a > 2 × increase in CO2 reduction currents versus an unmodified electrode. These data suggest that this strategy is a promising means of generating electrocatalytic materials for carbon capture. However, films electrosynthesized at a micro and ~ 1 mm ITIES demonstrated poor reusability.
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Nishi N, Kuroyama Y, Yoshida N, Yokoyama Y, Sakka T. A Water‐Free ITIES: Ionic Liquid/Oil Interface for Base Metal Nanostructure Formation – Zn Case. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yohei Kuroyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuko Yokoyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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3
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Moshrefi R, Stockmann TJ. Electrodeless Synthesis of Low Dispersity Au Nanoparticles and Nanoclusters at an Immiscible Micro Water/Ionic Liquid Interface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2748. [PMID: 36014613 PMCID: PMC9416156 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their biocompatibility, optical, and catalytic properties, Au nanoparticles (NPs) have been the subject of much research. Since smaller NPs have enhanced catalytic properties and NP morphology greatly impacts their effectiveness, controlled and reproducible methods of generating Au NPs are still being sought. Herein, Au NPs were electrochemically generated at a water|ionic liquid (w|IL) immiscible micro-interface, 25 µm in diameter, using a redox active IL and compared to results at a water|oil (w|o) one. The liquid|liquid interface is advantageous as it is pristine and highly reproducible, as well as an excellent means of species and charge separation. In this system, KAuCl4 dissolved in the aqueous phase reacts under external potential control at the water|P8888TB (tetraoctylphosphonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate) with trioctyl(ferrocenylhexanoyl)phosphonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (FcIL), an electron donor and redox active IL. FcIL was prepared with a common anion to P8888TB, which greatly enhances its solubility in the bulk IL. Simple ion transfer of AuCl4− and AuCl(4−γ)(OH)γ− at the w|P8888TB micro-interface were characterized voltammetrically as well as their heterogeneous electron transfer reaction with FcIL. This interfacial reaction generates Au NPs whose size can be thermodynamically controlled by modifying the pH of the aqueous phase. Critically, at low pH, nanoclusters, <1.7 nm in diameter, were generated owing to inhibited thermodynamics in combination with the supramolecular fluidic nature of the IL microenvironment that was observed surrounding the as-prepared NPs.
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4
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Koya I, Yokoyama Y, Sakka T, Nishi N. Formation of Au nanofiber/fullerene nanowhisker 1D/1D composites via reductive deposition at the interface between an ionic liquid and water. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Koya
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Yokoyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Lehane RA, Gamero-Quijano A, Malijauskaite S, Holzinger A, Conroy M, Laffir F, Kumar A, Bangert U, McGourty K, Scanlon MD. Electrosynthesis of Biocompatible Free-Standing PEDOT Thin Films at a Polarized Liquid|Liquid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4853-4862. [PMID: 35262332 PMCID: PMC8949726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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Conducting polymers
(CPs) find applications in energy conversion
and storage, sensors, and biomedical technologies once processed into
thin films. Hydrophobic CPs, like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
(PEDOT), typically require surfactant additives, such as poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PSS), to aid their aqueous processability as thin films. However,
excess PSS diminishes CP electrochemical performance, biocompatibility,
and device stability. Here, we report the electrosynthesis of PEDOT
thin films at a polarized liquid|liquid interface, a method nonreliant
on conductive solid substrates that produces free-standing, additive-free,
biocompatible, easily transferrable, and scalable 2D PEDOT thin films
of any shape or size in a single step at ambient conditions. Electrochemical
control of thin film nucleation and growth at the polarized liquid|liquid
interface allows control over the morphology, transitioning from 2D
(flat on both sides with a thickness of <50 nm) to “Janus”
3D (with flat and rough sides, each showing distinct physical properties,
and a thickness of >850 nm) films. The PEDOT thin films were p-doped (approaching the theoretical limit), showed high
π–π conjugation, were processed directly as thin
films without insulating PSS and were thus highly conductive without
post-processing. This work demonstrates that interfacial electrosynthesis
directly produces PEDOT thin films with distinctive molecular architectures
inaccessible in bulk solution or at solid electrode–electrolyte
interfaces and emergent properties that facilitate technological advances.
In this regard, we demonstrate the PEDOT thin film’s superior
biocompatibility as scaffolds for cellular growth, opening immediate
applications in organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) devices
for monitoring cell behavior over extended time periods, bioscaffolds,
and medical devices, without needing physiologically unstable and
poorly biocompatible PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob A Lehane
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Sigita Malijauskaite
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Angelika Holzinger
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Michele Conroy
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Fathima Laffir
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Belfast BT71 NN, UK
| | - Ursel Bangert
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Micheál D Scanlon
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,The Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
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Ishii K, Sakka T, Nishi N. Potential dependence of the ionic structure at the ionic liquid/water interface studied using MD simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22367-22374. [PMID: 34608475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure at the electrochemical liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and trioctylmethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in which the interfacial potential difference was controlled. On the IL side of the IL/W interface, ionic multilayers were found in the number density distribution of IL ions whereas monolayer-thick charge accumulation was found in the charge density distribution. This suggests that the potential screening is completed within the first ionic layer and the effect of overlayers on the potential is marginal. The W side of the interface showed the diffuse electric double layer as expected, and unexpectedly unveiled a density depletion layer, indicating that the IL surface is hydrophobic enough to be repelled by water. The IL ions in the first ionic layer showed anisotropic orientation even at the potential of zero charge, in which the polar moieties were oriented to the W side and the non-polar moieties preferred parallel orientation to the interface. When an electric field is applied across the interface so that the IL ions are more accumulated, the non-polar moieties changed the parallel preference to more oriented to the IL side due to the dipolar nature of the IL ions. The ionic orientations at the IL/W interface were compared with those at other two IL interfaces, the vacuum and graphene interfaces of the IL. The parallel preference of the non-polar moieties was similar at the IL/graphene interface but different from the perpendicular orientation toward the vacuum side at the IL/vacuum interface. The comparison suggests that water behaves like a wall that repels IL ions like a solid electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ishii
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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7
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Koya I, Sakka T, Nishi N. Au Nanofiber/CNT 1D/1D Composites Formed Via Redox Reaction at the Ionic Liquid/Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9553-9559. [PMID: 34319742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Au nanofiber/carbon nanotube (CNT) 1D/1D composites and Janus-type Au/CNT composites have been prepared by utilizing the liquid/liquid interface between water (W) and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) as a redox reaction site. AuCl4- in W is reduced at the IL/W interface where CNTs are adsorbed, by a reducing agent in the IL, leading to the formation of the Au/CNT composites. The Au/CNT composites are Janus-type in which Au microurchins and Au nanofibers are deposited on the W side and the IL side of the CNTs on the IL/W interface, respectively. Reversing the order of the CNT adsorption and AuCl4- reduction results in the formation of the Au nanofiber/CNT composites, which are 1D/1D metal/carbon composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Koya
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Zarbin AJG. Liquid-liquid interfaces: a unique and advantageous environment to prepare and process thin films of complex materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1409-1432. [PMID: 34846449 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thin film technology is pervasive for many fields with high impact in our daily lives, which makes processing materials such as thin films a very important subject in materials science and technology. However, several paramount materials cannot be prepared as thin films through the well-known and consolidated deposition routes, which strongly limits their applicability. This is particularly noticeable for multi-component and complex nanocomposites, which present unique properties due to the synergic effect between the components, but have several limitations to be obtained as thin films, mainly if homogeneity and transparence are required. This review highlights the main advances of a novel approach to both process and synthesize different classes of materials as thin films, based on liquid/liquid interfaces. The so-called liquid/liquid interfacial route (LLIR) allows the deposition of thin films of single- or multi-component materials, easily transferable over any kind of substrate (plastics and flexible substrates included) with precise control of the thickness, homogeneity and transparence. More interesting, it allows the in situ synthesis of multi-component materials directly as thin films stabilized at the liquid/liquid interface, in which problems related to both the synthesis and processing are solved together in a single step. This review presents the basis of the LLIR and several examples of thin films obtained from different classes of materials, such as carbon nanostructures, metal and oxide nanoparticles, two-dimensional materials, organic and organometallic frameworks, and polymer-based nanocomposites, among others. Moreover, specific applications of those films in different technological fields are shown, taking advantage of the specific properties emerging from the unique preparation route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo J G Zarbin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19032, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Chondath SK, Menamparambath MM. Interface-assisted synthesis: a gateway to effective nanostructure tuning of conducting polymers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:918-941. [PMID: 36133281 PMCID: PMC9419666 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interface-assisted polymerization technique can be viewed as a powerful emerging tool for the synthesis of conducting polymers (CPs) on a large scale. Contrary to other bulk or single-phase polymerization techniques, interface-assisted synthesis strategies offer effective nanostructure control in a confined two-dimensional (2-D) space. This review focuses on the types of interfaces, mechanism at the interface, advantages and future perspectives of the interfacial polymerization in comparison to conventional polymerization techniques. Hence, the primary focus is on briefing the different types of the chemical methods of polymerization, followed by uniqueness in the reaction dynamics of interface polymerization. The classification of interfaces into four types (liquid/solid, gas/liquid, liquid/liquid, and gas/solid) is based on the versatility and underlying mechanistic pathway of the polymerization of each type. The role of interface in tuning the nanostructure of CPs and the performance evaluation of pristine CPs based on the electrical conductivity are also discussed. Finally, the future outlook of this emerging field is discussed and proposed in detail through some multifunctional applications of synthesized conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Kaladi Chondath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673601 Kerala India
| | - Mini Mol Menamparambath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673601 Kerala India
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Moshrefi R, Suryawanshi A, Stockmann TJ. Electrochemically controlled Au nanoparticle nucleation at a micro liquid/liquid interface using ferrocene as reducing agent. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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11
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Kuroyama Y, Nishi N, Sakka T. Electrochemical liquid-liquid interface between oil and ionic liquid for reductive deposition of metal nanostructures. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Zhang Y, Nishi N, Sakka T. Interface-templated synthesis of single-crystalline silver chain-like nanobelts at the liquid-liquid interface between water and redox-active ionic liquid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Sachdev S, Maugi R, Davis S, Doak SS, Zhou Z, Platt M. Droplet factories: Synthesis and assembly of metal nanoparticles on magnetic supports. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 569:204-210. [PMID: 32113017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The interface between two immiscible liquids represent an ideal substrate for the assembly of nanomaterials. The defect free surface provides a reproducible support for creating densely packed ordered materials. Here a droplet flow reactor is presented for the synthesis and/or assembly of nanomaterials at the interface of the emulsion. Each droplet acts as a microreactor for a reaction between decamethylferrocene (DmFc) within the hexane and metal salts (Ag+/Pd2+) in the aqueous phase. The hypothesis was that a spontaneous, interfacial reaction would lead to the assembly of nanomaterials creating a Pickering emulsion. The subsequent removal of the solvents showed how the Ag nanoparticles remain trapped at the interface and retain the shape of the droplet, however the Pd nanoparticles were dispersed with no tertiary structure. To further exploit this, a one-step process where the particles are synthesised and then assembled into core-shell materials was proposed. The same reactions were performed in the presence of oleic acid stabilised iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed within the hexane. It was shown that by changing the reaction rate and ratio between metal and iron oxide a continuous coating of metal nanoparticles can be formed on top of an iron oxide microsphere, or form a uniform composite. These insights offer a new method and chemistry within flow reactors for the creation of palladium and silver nanoparticles. We use the technique to create metal coated iron oxide nanomaterials but the methodology could be easily transferred to the assembly of other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanuch Sachdev
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Rhushabh Maugi
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Davis
- Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre, Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Scott S Doak
- Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre, Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Zhaoxia Zhou
- Loughborough Materials Characterisation Centre, Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
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One-step fabrication of Au@Pd core-shell bimetallic nanofibers at the interface between water and redox-active ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Ghosh SK, Böker A. Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles in 2D and 3D: Recent Advances and Future Trends. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer‐Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung Geiselbergstraβe 69 14476 Potsdam‐Golm Germany
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16
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Zhang Y, Nishi N, Sakka T. Template-Free and Spontaneous Formation of Vertically Aligned Pd Nanofiber Arrays at the Liquid-Liquid Interface between Redox-Active Ionic Liquid and Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23731-23740. [PMID: 31180639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned Pd nanofiber arrays (NFAs) have been prepared at the liquid-liquid interface between redox-active ionic liquid (RAIL) and water (W) via a template-free manner. The RAIL with high hydrophobicity, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, plays dual roles of reducing agent for Pd precursor ions and the hydrophobic liquid phase simultaneously, and the RAIL|W interface has been utilized as the formation site for the spontaneous growth of Pd NFAs. The Pd NFAs consist of three parts: layers formed by partly connected particles on the top, NFAs in the middle, and firm sheetlike layers on the bottom. Because of the top and bottom supporting layers, the antideformation ability and durability of the Pd NFAs with a length reaching several micrometers are enhanced. A possible mechanism for the formation of the Pd NFAs has been discussed. The Pd NFAs show a good stability and a higher electrocatalytic activity toward the ethanol oxidation reaction than a commercial Pd/C catalyst. The present study provides a new strategy for the template-free and spontaneous formation of Pd NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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Takagi S, Nishi N, Sakka T. Ionic Liquid-in-Water Emulsion-templated Synthesis of Gold Nanoshells at the Liquid-Liquid Interface between Water and Primary Ammonium-based Ionic Liquids. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takagi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Zhang Y, Nishi N, Amano KI, Sakka T. One-dimensional Pt nanofibers formed by the redox reaction at the ionic liquid|water interface. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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