1
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Sneha Ravi A, Dalvi S. Liquid Marbles and Drops on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Interfacial Aspects and Dynamics of Formation: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12307-12330. [PMID: 38524492 PMCID: PMC10956110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid marbles (LMs) are droplets encapsulated with powders presenting varied roughness and wettability. These LMs have garnered a lot of attention due to their dual properties of leakage-free and quick transport on both solid and liquid surfaces. These droplets are in a Cassie-Baxter wetting state sitting on both roughness and air pockets existing between particles. They are also reminiscent of the state of a drop on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. In this review, LMs and bare droplets on SH surfaces are comparatively investigated in terms of two aspects: interfacial and dynamical. LMs present a fascinating class of soft matter due to their superior interfacial activity and their remarkable stability. Inherently hydrophobic powders form stable LMs by simple rolling; however, particles with defined morphologies and chemistries contribute to the varied stability of LMs. The factors contributing to this interesting robustness with respect to bare droplets are then identified by tests of stability such as evaporation and compression. Next, the dynamics of the impact of a drop on a hydrophobic powder bed to form LMs is studied vis-à̀-vis that of drop impact on flat surfaces. The knowledge from drop impact phenomena on flat surfaces is used to build and complement insights to that of drop impact on powder surfaces. The maximum spread of the drop is empirically understood in terms of dimensionless numbers, and their drawbacks are highlighted. Various stages of drop impact-spreading, retraction and rebound, splashing, and final outcome-are systematically explored on both solid and hard surfaces. The implications of crater formation and energy dissipations are discussed in the case of granular beds. While the drop impact on solid surfaces is extensively reviewed, deep interpretation of the drop impact on granular surfaces needs to be improved. Additionally, the applications of each step in the sequence of drop impact phenomena on both substrates are also identified. Next, the criterion for the formation of peculiar jammed LMs was examined. Finally, the challenges and possible future perspectives are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Sneha Ravi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, India
| | - Sameer Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, India
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2
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Gaur A, Balasubramanian S. Liquid-Vapor Interface of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Solutions: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:230-240. [PMID: 38150706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
While the organic constituent in an aqueous binary solution enriches its liquid-vapor (l-v) interface, the extent of enrichment can depend nonlinearly on its mole fraction. A microscopic quantification and rationalization of this behavior are crucial to understand the dependence of properties such as surface tension and evaporation rate of the solution on its composition. Extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous ethylene glycol (EG) solutions show that the composition of the solution at the l-v interface deviates the most from that in the bulk solution at an EG mole fraction of 0.3. The population of EG molecules with their central C-C dihedral in the gauche conformation was found to be higher at the l-v interface than that in the bulk solution to facilitate the orientation of its hydrophobic methyl groups toward the vapor phase. Free energy calculations reveal that in dilute EG solutions, an EG molecule is most stable at the l-v interface. The behavior of vapor pressure in aqueous EG solutions is ideal and follows Raoult's law, while in contrast, the aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide does not. A rationale for the same is provided through the orientational distribution of interfacial water molecules in the respective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gaur
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
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3
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Hariharan S, Thampi SP, Basavaraj MG. Kinetics of evaporation of colloidal dispersion drops on inclined surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6213-6223. [PMID: 37382057 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00375b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation of colloidal dispersion drops leaves a deposit pattern where more particles are accumulated at the edge, popularly known as the coffee-ring effect. Such patterns formed from dried sessile drops are azimuthally symmetric. When the substrate is inclined, the symmetry of the patterns is altered due to the influence of gravity. This is reflected in the changes in (i) pinning/depinning dynamics of the drop, (ii) the strength of the evaporation-driven flows, and (iii) ultimately, the lifetime of the drop. We present a systematic investigation of the kinetics of evaporation of particle-laden drops on hydrophilic inclined solid substrates. The angle of inclination of the substrate (ϕ) is varied from 0° to 90°. The temporal analysis of the drop shape profile is carried out to unearth the contribution of different processes to kinetics of evaporation of drops on inclined surfaces. The influence of particle concentration, drop volume, and angle of inclination on the kinetics of evaporation and the resulting deposit patterns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Hariharan
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sumesh P Thampi
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Flores P, McBride SA, Galazka JM, Varanasi KK, Zea L. Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight is minimized on lubricant impregnated surfaces. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37587131 PMCID: PMC10432549 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The undesirable, yet inevitable, presence of bacterial biofilms in spacecraft poses a risk to the proper functioning of systems and to astronauts' health. To mitigate the risks that arise from them, it is important to understand biofilms' behavior in microgravity. As part of the Space Biofilms project, biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in spaceflight over material surfaces. Stainless Steel 316 (SS316) and passivated SS316 were tested for their relevance as spaceflight hardware components, while a lubricant impregnated surface (LIS) was tested as potential biofilm control strategy. The morphology and gene expression of biofilms were characterized. Biofilms in microgravity are less robust than on Earth. LIS strongly inhibits biofilm formation compared to SS. Furthermore, this effect is even greater in spaceflight than on Earth, making LIS a promising option for spacecraft use. Transcriptomic profiles for the different conditions are presented, and potential mechanisms of biofilm reduction on LIS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Flores
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan M Galazka
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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5
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Agrawal P, Kumar V, McBride S, Dash S. Generality of Evaporative Crystal Liftoff on Heated Hydrophobic Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37229572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scaling or mineral fouling occurs due to the presence of dissolved minerals in water. Scaling is problematic in numerous industrial and household plumbing applications where water is used. The current methods of scale removal often utilize harsh chemicals that are not environmentally friendly. The evaporation of a saline droplet provides a platform to study the role of the substrate in the dynamics of crystallization during scaling. In the present work, we show out-of-plane growth of crystal deposits during the evaporation of saline droplets of aqueous potassium chloride on a heated smooth and microtextured hydrophobic substrate. These out-of-plane deposits, termed as "crystal legs", are in minimal contact with the substrate and can be easily removed from the substrate. The out-of-plane evaporative crystallization of saline droplets of different initial volumes and concentrations is observed irrespective of the chemistry of the hydrophobic coating and the crystal habits investigated. We attribute this general behavior of crystal legs to the growth and stacking of smaller crystals (size ∼10 μm) between the primary crystals toward the end of evaporation. We show that the rate at which the crystal legs grow increases with an increase in the substrate temperature. A mass conservation model is applied to predict the leg growth rate, which agrees well with the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Agrawal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Energy Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Virkeshwar Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Samantha McBride
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Susmita Dash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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6
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Yin Y, Li T, Zuo K, Liu X, Lin S, Yao Y, Tong T. Which Surface Is More Scaling Resistant? A Closer Look at Nucleation Theories for Heterogeneous Gypsum Nucleation in Aqueous Solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16315-16324. [PMID: 36305705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing engineered surfaces with scaling resistance is an effective means to inhibit surface-mediated mineral scaling in various industries including desalination. However, contrasting results have been reported on the relationship between scaling potential and surface hydrophilicity. In this study, we combine a theoretical analysis with experimental investigation to clarify the effect of surface wetting property on heterogeneous gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) formation on surfaces immersed in aqueous solutions. Theoretical prediction derived from classical nucleation theory (CNT) indicates that an increase of surface hydrophobicity reduces scaling potential, which contrasts our experimental results that more hydrophilic surfaces are less prone to gypsum scaling. We further consider the possibility of nonclassical pathway of gypsum nucleation, which proceeds by the aggregation of precursor clusters of CaSO4. Accordingly, we investigate the affinity of CaSO4 to substrate surfaces of varied wetting properties via calculating the total free energy of interaction, with the results perfectly predicting experimental observations of surface scaling propensity. This indicates that the interactions between precursor clusters of CaSO4 and substrate surfaces might play an important role in regulating heterogeneous gypsum formation. Our findings provide evidence that CNT might not be applicable to describing gypsum scaling in aqueous solutions. The fundamental insights we reveal on gypsum scaling mechanisms have the potential to guide rational design of scaling-resistant engineered surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523, United States
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia20052, United States
| | - Kuichang Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education; College of Environment Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia20052, United States
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Yiqun Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523, United States
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7
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Sahoo S, Mukherjee R. Evaporative Drying of a Water droplet on Liquid Infused Sticky Surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Yao X, Lin W, Wang M, Wang S. Nature-Inspired High Temperature Scale-Resistant Slippery Lubricant-Induced Porous Surfaces (HTS-SLIPS). SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203615. [PMID: 36148852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scale formation is a longstanding and unresolved problem in a number of fields, including power production, petroleum exploration, thermal desalination, and construction. Herein, a high-temperature scale-resistant slippery lubricant-induced surface (HTS-SLIPS) is developed by one-step electrodeposition and lubricant infusion. The fractal cauliflower-like morphology with lubricant oil is conducive to forming an ultralow contact angle hysteresis of ≈1°. The 10-d real-world boiling trial indicates that by replacing the uncoated surface with HTS-SLIPS, the reduction in scale mass is greater than 200% because of the low surface free energy (4.3 mJ m-2 ) and outstanding smoothness (Ra = 41 ± 8 nm) of HTS-SLIPS. Thanks to the scale retardation, the bubble departure frequency of HTS-SLIPS is eightfold higher than that of uncoated surfaces, signifying superior heat transfer efficiency. In these demonstrations, HTS-SLIPS coated spiral tube exhibits better flowability and lower pressure drop than the uncoated one. In addition, favorable compatibility between HTS-SLIPS and mechanical vibration is experimentally verified to strengthen the descaling of SLIPS synergistically. It is anticipated that the simple and scalable coating fabrication approach will be applicable in numerous industrial high-temperature processes where scale formation is encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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9
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Kumar V, Dash S. Patterns during Evaporative Crystallization of a Saline Droplet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10265-10273. [PMID: 35960956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the influence of substrate wettability and crystal morphology on the evaporative crystallization of saline droplets. On a superhydrophilic substrate, the evaporative crystals formed during the drying of a saline droplet of aqueous potassium nitrate are observed to be long and needle-shaped, oriented along the substrate. The crystal deposits form a flower-shaped pattern when the initial contact angle of the droplet increases to ∼72°. The orientation of the crystals along the triple contact line of the droplet controls the self-amplifying creeping growth of the salt crystals that eventually determines the overall evaporative patterns. The crystals change from being needle-shaped to globular salt deposits as the volume of liquid available for crystallization reduces. We demonstrate that the arrangement of the crystal with respect to the substrate and the droplet-air interface governs the rate of evaporation, growth, and morphology of the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virkeshwar Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Susmita Dash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore 560012, India
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10
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Pyeon J, Park SM, Yoon DK, Kim H. Controlled nucleation in evaporative crystallization using a confined-vapor driven solutal Marangoni effect. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4067-4076. [PMID: 35583081 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In droplet evaporation, the onset of evaporative crystallization near a contact line is inevitable if there is a coffee-ring effect increasing the local concentration of suspended particles at the edge. In this study, we present a novel idea to control the nucleation location of surfactant crystallization by using the vapor-driven solutal Marangoni effects of a binary mixture drop in a confined chamber. Here, the evaporated volatile vapors near the droplet surface can change the local surface tension and generate a radially inward flow that suppresses the conventional coffee-ring flow (i.e., evaporatively-driven capillary flow). Using this method, we could accumulate suspended particles in the middle of the droplet. In consequence, we succeed in adjusting the nucleation location from the droplet edge to the center provided that a gel-transition process is neglected, where the crystallized material has a relatively long chain length. Here, we tested different hydrocarbon chain lengths of the surfactants (i.e., CTAB > TTAB > DTAB). We expect that the proposed idea can offer great potential for controlling the nucleation in the evaporative crystallization and its final crystalline solid morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsu Pyeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Deka N, Saha S, Dash S. Evaporation-induced convective transport in confined saline droplets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Dewangan JK, Basu N, Chowdhury M. Cationic surfactant-directed structural control of NaCl crystals from evaporating sessile droplets. SOFT MATTER 2021; 18:62-79. [PMID: 34878487 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report morphological regulation of NaCl (sodium chloride) crystals through the evaporative crystallisation process of microdroplets containing a cationic surfactant CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). Various fascinating evaporative salt morphologies are observed using different combinations of salt (CNaCl) and surfactant (CCTAB) concentrations. Each observed morphology is carefully explained by the interplaying physical phenomena, such as crystallisation, micellisation, evaporative dewetting, and surface adsorption of anionic couneterions. Salt morphologies are investigated for low (CNaCl = 0.1 (M)), intermediate (CNaCl = 0.5 (M)) and high (CNaCl = 2 (M)) concentrations, whereas surfactant concentrations are varied four orders of magnitudes (from 0.0001 (M) to 0.1 (M)). Interestingly, we observe a threshold in CCTAB at 0.001 (M), beyond which the peripheral rings of dried deposits are found to be composed of CTAB for CNaCl = 0.1 (M), while the same is seen to be made up of NaCl for CNaCl = 2 (M). We have explained the morphological evolution by the process of competitive surface adsorption phenomenon between Cl- and Br- counter ions. Such a detailed study of saline droplet crystallisation in the presence of a cationic surfactant underpins the fundamental understanding of the crystallisation process. In addition, it may further impact application sectors where crystallisation of saline solution plays an important role, especially in the presence of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant K Dewangan
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Nandita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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13
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Liu S, Huang C, Wu P, Liu C, He J, Jiang W. Ultralow Adhesion and Phase Change Behaviors of Sulfur Droplets on the Superhydrophobic Surface and Its Application in the Granulation Process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13985-13997. [PMID: 34797666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional sulfur granulation process is often accompanied by high dust and mechanical friction, which are dangerous and harmful to the environment. In this work, the application of the superhydrophobic surface to sulfur granulation is expected to solve the above problem. Two superhydrophobic metal sheets were prepared, and the rolling angles of the two samples are both less than 10°. The contact angles of liquid sulfur are 152.7 ± 0.5 and 151.3 ± 0.1°, respectively. The adhesion rates of both samples are less than 0.5 wt %. The solidifying process of a sulfur drop on the superhydrophobic surface was recorded and simulated, conforming that the substrate temperature has a great influence on the solidifying process. Based on the above findings, static granulation and rolling to granulation were proposed. The product obtained by the two methods has uniform particle size distribution and excellent compressive strength, showing a good industrial application prospect. This study provides a referral strategy for an economical and environmentally friendly sulfur granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Chunni Huang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jian He
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
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14
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Li D, Jiao L, Chen R, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Li W, Li H, Liao Q. Controllable light-induced droplet evaporative crystallization. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8730-8741. [PMID: 34528051 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet evaporative crystallization is one of the practical tools for clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and pharmaceutical synthesis. Herein, we proposed a controllable and flexible light strategy to manipulate the droplet evaporative crystallization, in which the photothermal effect of a focused infrared laser actuated intense evaporation to attain the droplet evaporative crystallization. Due to the localized heating effect, not only the droplet evaporative crystallization could be promoted, but also the resultant Marangoni-flow enabled the crystals to be concentrated, exhibiting excellent controllability. Besides, a relationship between the crystallization starting time and the solution concentration/laser power was achieved, which benefited the manipulation of the droplet evaporative crystallization. The light strategy proposed in the present study possesses promising potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Long Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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15
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Shao X, Hou Y, Zhong X. Modulation of evaporation-affected crystal motion in a drying droplet by saline and surfactant concentrations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Li D, Chen R, Zhu X, Liao Q, Ye D, Yang Y, Li W, Li H, Yang Y. Light-Fueled Beating Coffee-Ring Deposition for Droplet Evaporative Crystallization. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8817-8825. [PMID: 34110126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Condensed deposition favors biochemical analysis, bioassays, and clinical diagnosis, but the existing strategies may suffer from low resolution, inaccurate control, cross-contamination, or miscellaneous apparatus. Herein, we propose a noncontact light strategy to enable the condensed deposition for droplet evaporative crystallization, in which the photothermal effect of a focused infrared laser is employed to induce intense evaporation. Due to the localized heating effect, not only can the droplet evaporative crystallization on the hydrophobic substrate be promoted, but also the resultant intensified Marangoni flow enables the movement of the early-formed crystals, preventing the pinning of the triple-phase contact line. Synergy of the Marangoni flow and nonuniform evaporation makes the solutes tend to accumulate near the focused light beam region, which facilitates the condensed deposition. More importantly, this light strategy not only enables condensed deposition on the hydrophobic surface with low hysteresis, but also works successfully on the hydrophilic substrate with high hysteresis via adjusting input laser power. It is demonstrated that the light strategy proposed in the present study has great potential for relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.,Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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17
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Ren J, Duan F. Recent progress in experiments for sessile droplet wetting on structured surfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Zavanelli N, Kim J, Yeo WH. Recent Advances in High-Throughput Nanomaterial Manufacturing for Hybrid Flexible Bioelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2973. [PMID: 34072779 PMCID: PMC8197924 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid flexible bioelectronic systems refer to integrated soft biosensing platforms with tremendous clinical impact. In this new paradigm, electrical systems can stretch and deform with the skin while previously hidden physiological signals can be continuously recorded. However, hybrid flexible bioelectronics will not receive wide clinical adoption until these systems can be manufactured at industrial scales cost-effectively. Therefore, new manufacturing approaches must be discovered and studied under the same innovative spirit that led to the adoption of novel materials and soft structures. Recent works have taken mature manufacturing approaches from the graphics industry, such as gravure, flexography, screen, and inkjet printing, and applied them to fully printed bioelectronics. These applications require the cohesive study of many disparate parts. For instance, nanomaterials with optimal properties for each specific application must be dispersed in printable inks with rheology suited to each printing method. This review summarizes recent advances in printing technologies, key nanomaterials, and applications of the manufactured hybrid bioelectronics. We also discuss the existing challenges of the available nanomanufacturing methods and the areas that need immediate technological improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Zavanelli
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jihoon Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (N.Z.); (J.K.)
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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19
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McBride SA, Girard HL, Varanasi KK. Crystal critters: Self-ejection of crystals from heated, superhydrophobic surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabe6960. [PMID: 33910891 PMCID: PMC8081363 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mineral or crystal fouling (the accumulation of precipitants on a material and damage associated with the same) is a pervasive problem in water treatment, thermoelectric power production, and numerous industrial processes. Growing efforts have focused on materials engineering strategies (e.g., superhydrophobicity) to prevent fouling. Here, we present a curious phenomenon in which crystals self-eject from heated, nanotextured superhydrophobic materials during evaporation of saline water drops. These crystal structures (crystal critters) have exceedingly minimal contact with the substrate and thus pre-empt crystal fouling. This unusual phenomenon is caused by cooperative effects of crystallization, evaporative flows, and nanoscale effects. The temperature dependence of the critter effect can be predicted using principles of mass conservation, and we demonstrate that self-propulsion can be generated via temperature gradients, which promote asymmetric growth. The insights on confinement-driven evaporative crystallization can be applied for antifouling by self-ejection of mineral foulants, for drop-based fluidic machines, or even for self-propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A McBride
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540 USA
| | - Henri-Louis Girard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
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20
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Cao Y, Jana S, Tan X, Bowen L, Zhu Y, Dawson J, Han R, Exton J, Liu H, McHale G, Jakubovics NS, Chen J. Antiwetting and Antifouling Performances of Different Lubricant-Infused Slippery Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13396-13407. [PMID: 33141589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The concept of slippery lubricant-infused surfaces has shown promising potential in antifouling for controlling detrimental biofilm growth. In this study, nontoxic silicone oil was either impregnated into porous surface nanostructures, referred to as liquid-infused surfaces (LIS), or diffused into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, referred to as a swollen PDMS (S-PDMS), making two kinds of slippery surfaces. The slippery lubricant layers have extremely low contact angle hysteresis, and both slippery surfaces showed superior antiwetting performances with droplets bouncing off or rolling transiently after impacting the surfaces. We further demonstrated that water droplets can remove dust from the slippery surfaces, thus showing a "cleaning effect". Moreover, "coffee-ring" effects were inhibited on these slippery surfaces after droplet evaporation, and deposits could be easily removed. The clinically biofilm-forming species P. aeruginosa (as a model system) was used to further evaluate the antifouling potential of the slippery surfaces. The dried biofilm stains could still be easily removed from the slippery surfaces. Additionally, both slippery surfaces prevented around 90% of bacterial biofilm growth after 6 days compared to the unmodified control PDMS surfaces. This investigation also extended across another clinical pathogen, S. epidermidis, and showed similar results. The antiwetting and antifouling analysis in this study will facilitate the development of more efficient slippery platforms for controlling biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Cao
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Saikat Jana
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolong Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Bowen
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Dawson
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Han
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - John Exton
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Glen McHale
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S Jakubovics
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Jinju Chen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
We report interfacial crystallization in the droplets of saline solutions placed on superhydrophobic surfaces and liquid marbles filled with the saline. Evaporation of saline droplets deposited on superhydrophobic surface resulted in the formation of cup-shaped millimeter-scaled residues. The formation of the cup-like deposit is reasonably explained within the framework of the theory of the coffee-stain effect, namely, the rate of heterogeneous crystallization along the contact line of the droplet is significantly higher than in the droplet bulk. Crystallization within evaporated saline marbles coated with lycopodium particles depends strongly on the evaporation rate. Rapidly evaporated saline marbles yielded dented shells built of a mixture of colloidal particles and NaCl crystals. We relate the formation of these shells to the interfacial crystallization promoted by hydrophobic particles coating the marbles, accompanied with the upward convection flows supplying the saline to the particles, serving as the centers of interfacial crystallization. Convective flows prevail over the diffusion mass transport for the saline marbles heated from below.
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22
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McBride SA, Skye R, Varanasi KK. Differences between Colloidal and Crystalline Evaporative Deposits. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11732-11741. [PMID: 32937070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative deposits from drops are widely studied due to their numerous applications in low-effort self-assembly, including for inkjet printing, microscale separations, and sensing/diagnostics. This phenomenon has been broadly explored for drops containing suspended colloidal particles but has been less quantified for drops with dissolved solutes. When a drop of solute/solvent mixture is evaporated on a substrate, nonvolatile solutes become supersaturated as the solvent evaporates, which then leads to crystal nucleation at the substrate-drop contact line. Emerging crystals alter the local wettability and fundamentally alter the dynamics of evaporation, which, in turn, influences the resultant evaporative deposit. Here we investigate the role of interactions between the substrate, crystals, and solution by comparing the evaporative deposition of three different salts as solutes against an evaporating colloidal solution. We show that nucleation effects can cause crystalline deposits to have a temperature relationship that is opposite to that of colloidal deposits and demonstrate how a balance between the contact-line pinning force and nucleation controls the deposit size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A McBride
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachael Skye
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Liu L, Zhang K, Kong S, Wang X, Yong L, Mi M. Evaporation and crystallization process for sessile saline droplets during depressurization. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:36. [PMID: 32524432 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation and crystallization process for sessile saline droplets during depressurization is experimentally studied. The relationship between ambient pressure and the crystallization pattern is primarily discussed. When the ambient pressure is low, salt particles are easily formed at the droplet contact line. In contrast, when the ambient pressure is similar to atmospheric pressure, it is more likely for cubic crystals to be formed inside the droplet. By analysing the contact angle fluctuation during crystallization, the experimental results show that the growth of a cubic salt crystal under high ambient pressure or low salt concentration leads to a greater deformation of the liquid-gas interface and a larger contact angle fluctuation. Finally, the Peclet number Pe is introduced to reflect the ratio of the rate of ion advection to the rate of diffusion. The Pe number is larger at lower ambient pressure, which means that the external mass transfer and convection effect is more significant under low pressure, with salt particles easily formed at the droplet contact line. The effect of concentration diffusion inside the droplet increases at higher ambient pressure, thereby, making it easy for cubic crystals to be formed inside the droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 619 Yonghuabei Street, 071003, Baoding, China.
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 619 Yonghuabei Street, 071003, Baoding, China
| | - Shuxian Kong
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 619 Yonghuabei Street, 071003, Baoding, China
| | - Xilin Wang
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 619 Yonghuabei Street, 071003, Baoding, China
| | - Libo Yong
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 619 Yonghuabei Street, 071003, Baoding, China
| | - Menglong Mi
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, No. 619 Yonghuabei Street, 071003, Baoding, China
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24
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Sharma M, Mondal SS, Roy PK, Khare K. Evaporation dynamics of pure and binary mixture drops on dry and lubricant coated slippery surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 569:244-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Efstratiou M, Christy J, Sefiane K. Crystallization-Driven Flows within Evaporating Aqueous Saline Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4995-5002. [PMID: 32319295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using micro-PIV (particle image velocimetry), we observe for the first time, the direct correlation between crystallization and hydrodynamics in evaporating microliter saline (1 M NaCl) sessile drops. The relationship is demonstrated by a remarkable jet of liquid along the base of the drops, induced by, and directed at the point of nucleation and subsequent crystal growth. Prior to nucleation, the flow is more uniformly outward with the magnitude of the velocity decreasing with time. From calculations and the flow measurements in the two observed stages of evaporation (prior to nucleation and during crystallization), this jet can be explained on the basis of competition between solutal Marangoni convection and mass conservation flow. The jet of fluid leads to vortices on either side of the crystal in which the salt concentration is reduced, providing a potential explanation as to why NaCl deposits as a sequence of discrete crystals rather than as a continuous ring for such drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Efstratiou
- Institute of Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - John Christy
- Institute of Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Khellil Sefiane
- Institute of Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
- Tianjin Key Lab of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin City 300134, PR China
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26
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Maji K, Das A, Hirtz M, Manna U. How Does Chemistry Influence Liquid Wettability on Liquid-Infused Porous Surface? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14531-14541. [PMID: 32103660 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Design of Nepenthes pitcher-inspired slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) appeared as an important avenue for various potential and practically relevant applications. In general, hydrophobic base layers were infused with selected liquid lubricants for developing chemically inert SLIPS. Here, in this current study, an inherently hydrophilic (soaked beaded water droplet with ∼20° within a couple of minutes), porous and thick (above 200 μm) polymeric coating, loaded with readily chemically reactive acrylate moieties yielded a chemically reactive SLIPS, where residual acrylate groups in the synthesized hydrophilic and porous interface rendered stability to the infused lubricants. The chemically reactive SLIPS is capable of reacting with the solution of primary amine-containing nucleophiles in organic solvent through 1,4-conjugate addition reaction, both in the presence (referred as "in situ" modification) and absence (denoted as pre-modification) of lubricated phase in the porous polymeric coating. Such amine reactive SLIPS was further extended to (1) examining the impact of different chemical modifications on the performance of SLIPS and (2) developing a spatially selective and "in situ" postmodification with primary amine-containing nucleophiles through 1,4-conjugate addition reaction. Moreover, the chemically reactive SLIPS was capable of sustaining various physical abrasions and prolonged (minimum 10 days) exposure to complex and harsh aqueous phases, where infused lubricants protect the residual acrylate groups from harsh aqueous exposures. Such, principle will be certainly useful for spatially selective covalent immobilization of water-insoluble functional molecules/polymers directly from organic solvents, which would be of potential interest for various applied and fundamental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uttam Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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27
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Gao A, Liu J, Ye L, Schönecker C, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Steffen W. Control of Droplet Evaporation on Oil-Coated Surfaces for the Synthesis of Asymmetric Supraparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14042-14048. [PMID: 31589055 PMCID: PMC6822134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the droplet evaporation on surfaces is desired to get uniform depositions of materials in many applications, for example, in two- and three-dimensional printing and biosensors. To explore a new route to control droplet evaporation on surfaces and produce asymmetric particles, sessile droplets of aqueous dispersions were allowed to evaporate from surfaces coated with oil films. Here, we applied 1-50 μm thick films of different silicone oils. Two contact lines were observed during droplet evaporation: an apparent liquid-liquid-air contact line and liquid-liquid-solid contact line. Because of the oil meniscus covering part of the rim of the drop, evaporation at the periphery is suppressed. Consequently, the droplet evaporates mainly in the central region of the liquid-air interface rather than at the droplet's edge. Colloidal particles migrate with the generated upward flow inside the droplet and are captured by the receding liquid-air interface. A uniform deposition ultimately forms on the substrate. With this straightforward approach, asymmetric supraparticles have been successfully fabricated independent of particle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Gao
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jie Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- E-mail: (J.L.)
| | - Lijun Ye
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Clarissa Schönecker
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- TU
Kaiserslautern, Group for Micro Fluid Mechanics, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Steffen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- E-mail: (W.S.)
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28
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McBride SA, Dash S, Khan S, Varanasi KK. Evaporative Crystallization of Spirals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10484-10490. [PMID: 31260320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spiral motifs are pervasive in nature, art, and technology due to their functional property of providing compact length. Nature is particularly adept at spiral patterning, and yet, the spirals observed in seashells, hurricanes, rams' horns, flower petals, etc. all evolve via disparate physical mechanisms. Here, we present a mechanism for the self-guided formation of spirals from evaporating saline drops via a coupling of crystallization and contact line dynamics. These patterns are in contrast to commonly observed patterns from evaporation of colloidal drops, which are discrete (rings, concentric rings) or continuous (clumps, uniform deposits) depending on the particle shape, contact line dynamics, and evaporation rate. Unlike the typical process of drop evaporation where the contact line moves radially inward, here, a thin film pinned by a ring of crystals ruptures radially outward. This motion is accompanied by a nonuniform pinning of the contact line due to crystallization, which generates a continuous propagation of pinning and depinning events to form a spiral. By comparing the relevant timescales of evaporation and diffusion, we show that a single dimensionless number can predict the occurrence of these patterns. These insights on self-guided crystallization of spirals could be used to create compact length templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A McBride
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Susmita Dash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Science , CV Raman Road , Bengaluru 560012 , India
| | - Sami Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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