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Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Surface Enhancements, and Biological Challenges. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), their physicochemical properties, their potential applications, and their association with the consequent toxicological effects in complex biologic systems. These MNPs have generated an accelerated development and research movement in the last two decades. They are solving a large portion of problems in several industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, water remediation, photoelectronics, and information storage, to name a few. As a result, more MNPs are put into contact with biological organisms, including humans, via interacting with their cellular structures. This situation will require a deeper understanding of these particles’ full impact in interacting with complex biological systems, and even though extensive studies have been carried out on different biological systems discussing toxicology aspects of MNP systems used in biomedical applications, they give mixed and inconclusive results. Chemical agencies, such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical substances (REACH) legislation for registration, evaluation, and authorization of substances and materials from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA), have held meetings to discuss the issue. However, nanomaterials (NMs) are being categorized by composition alone, ignoring the physicochemical properties and possible risks that their size, stability, crystallinity, and morphology could bring to health. Although several initiatives are being discussed around the world for the correct management and disposal of these materials, thanks to the extensive work of researchers everywhere addressing the issue of related biological impacts and concerns, and a new nanoethics and nanosafety branch to help clarify and bring together information about the impact of nanoparticles, more questions than answers have arisen regarding the behavior of MNPs with a wide range of effects in the same tissue. The generation of a consolidative framework of these biological behaviors is necessary to allow future applications to be manageable.
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Cheng H, Yang N, Liu X, Guo Y, Liu B, Yang J, Chen Y, Chen B, Fan Z, Lu Q, Yuan S, Wang J, Gu L, Zhang H. Quasi-Epitaxial Growth of Magnetic Nanostructures on 4H-Au Nanoribbons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007140. [PMID: 33241576 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase engineering of nanomaterials is an effective strategy to tune the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials for various promising applications. Herein, by using the 4H-Au nanoribbons as templates, four novel magnetic nanostructures, namely 4H-Au @ 14H-Co nanobranches, 4H-Au @ 14H-Co nanoribbons, 4H-Au @ 2H-Co nanoribbons, and 4H-Au @ 2H-Ni nanoribbons, are synthesized based on the quasi-epitaxial growth. Different from the conventional epitaxial growth of metal nanomaterials, the obtained Co and Ni nanostructures possess different crystal phases from the Au template. Due to the large lattice mismatch between Au and the grown metals (i.e., Co and Ni), ordered misfit dislocations are generated at the Co/Au and Ni/Au interfaces. Notably, a new super-structure of Co is formed, denoted as 14H. Both 4H-Au @ 14H-Co nanobranches and nanoribbons are ferromagnetic at room temperature, showing similar Curie temperature. However, their magnetic behaviors exhibit distinct temperature dependence, resulting from the competition between spin and volume fluctuations as well as the unique geometry. This work paves the way to the templated synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases for the exploration of phase-dependent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Cheng
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nailiang Yang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beiertiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yilv Guo
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shijun Yuan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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