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Srivastava D, Patra N. Enhanced Uptake of Anticancer C6-Pep Dimer in a Model Membrane Caused by Differential p Ka in Acidic Microenvironment. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9747-9758. [PMID: 37776281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) presents a challenge for the action of antitumor drugs by acting as an additional barrier for the passive crossing of the cell membrane by chemotherapic agents playing a critical role in the proliferation of tumor cells. Anticancer lipopeptide C6-Pep dimer containing the leucine zipper motif shows an increased uptake into the model tumor membrane in TME, and application of external heat might lead to the uncoiling of the zipper, which could result in cell lysis. This work investigated the cause of this increased uptake of C6-Pep dimer into the bilayer model in TME. Accurate protonation states of all the titratable residues of the C6-Pep dimer in TME were determined using constant pH molecular dynamics. In TME, except for two terminal Glu5 residues, all other Glu residues in the C6-Pep dimer were permanently protonated. The remaining Glu5 residues had differential pKa values, leading to the construction of four possible dimers with different fixed protonation states, and molecular dynamics was used to study their interaction with the anionic bilayer. Except for the dimer at a physiological pH, the other dimers were positively charged and could readily adsorb on the membrane surface. The free energy of insertion of these dimers in the bilayer was lower for single and double protonated Glu5-containing dimers than for the others. After the insertion of the lipopeptides into the membrane, thinning of the bilayer in the vicinity of dimers and an increase in area per lipid of the bilayer were observed for all systems, indicating destabilization of the bilayer due to this intercalation. This study shows that the anticancer lipopeptide C6-Pep utilizes the TME around a tumor cell for insertion into the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diship Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Niladri Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
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Pazin WM, Miranda RR, Toledo KA, Kjeldsen F, Constantino CJL, Brewer JR. pH-Dependence Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Artepillin C against Tumor Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2186. [PMID: 38004326 PMCID: PMC10672498 DOI: 10.3390/life13112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian green propolis is a well-known product that is consumed globally. Its major component, Artepillin C, showed potential as an antitumor product. This study explored the impact of Artepillin C on fibroblast and glioblastoma cell lines, used as healthy and very aggressive tumor cell lines, respectively. The focus of the study was to evaluate the pH-dependence of Artepillin C cytotoxicity, since tumor cells are known to have a more acidic extracellular microenvironment compared to healthy cells, and Artepillin C was shown to become more lipophilic at lower pH values. Investigations into the pH-dependency of Artepillin C (6.0-7.4), through viability assays and live cell imaging, revealed compelling insights. At pH 6.0, MTT assays showed the pronounced cytotoxic effects of Artepillin C, yielding a notable reduction in cell viability to less than 12% among glioblastoma cells following a 24 h exposure to 100 µM of Artepillin C. Concurrently, LDH assays indicated significant membrane damage, affecting approximately 50% of the total cells under the same conditions. Our Laurdan GP analysis suggests that Artepillin C induces autophagy, and notably, provokes a lipid membrane packing effect, contributing to cell death. These combined results affirm the selective cytotoxicity of Artepillin C within the acidic tumor microenvironment, emphasizing its potential as an effective antitumor agent. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Artepillin C holds promise for potential applications in the realm of anticancer therapies given its pH-dependence cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallance M. Pazin
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (R.R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Renata R. Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (R.R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Karina A. Toledo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis 19806-900, Brazil;
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (R.R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Carlos J. L. Constantino
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil;
| | - Jonathan R. Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (R.R.M.); (F.K.)
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Wu F, Zhang Q, Sun B, Chu X, Zhang M, She Z, Li Z, Zhou N, Wang J, Li A. MoO 3-x nanosheets-based platform for single NIR laser induced efficient PDT/PTT of cancer. J Control Release 2021; 338:46-55. [PMID: 34391835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional combination therapy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is limited in the field of clinical cancer therapy due to activation by light with separate wavelengths, insufficient O2 supply, antioxidant ability of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cell, and low penetration depth of light. Here, a multifunctional nanoplatform composed of MoO3-x nanosheets, Ag nanocubes, and MnO2 nanoparticles was developed to overcome these drawbacks. For this nanoplatform, hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were simultaneously generated under single 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Once this nanoplatform accumulated in the tumor region, GSH was depleted by MnO2 and intracellular H2O2 was catalyzed by MnO2 to produce O2 to relieve hypoxia. Ultrasound (US) imaging confirmed in-situ O2 generation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and fluorescence imaging were used to monitor in vivo biodistribution of nanomaterials. This provides a paradigm to rationally design a single NIR laser induced multimodal imaging-guided efficient PDT/PTT cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Baohong Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhangcai She
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Wang S, Sun Y, Xu S, Liu H. Novel Peptide-Polymer Conjugate with pH-Responsive Targeting/Disrupting Effects on Biomembranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8840-8846. [PMID: 34264682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugating polymers to peptides has become a new strategy of designing functional antitumor agents for their improved stability and enhanced activity. In this paper, a novel peptide-polymer conjugate PEPc-PMAA with pH responsiveness was designed and synthesized. The isoelectric point of PEPc was studied by dynamic light scattering for the targeting effect. Also, the transmittances of PMAA at different pHs were measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer for determining the triggering pH of the disrupting effect. The results showed that PEPc-PMAA was hydrophilic under neutral conditions and changed to be amphiphilic composed of positively charged PEPc and hydrophobic PMAA under acidic conditions. The interactions between PEPc-PMAA and mimic cells were investigated by the measurements of membrane fluidity and cargo leakage from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DPPG) liposomes. It proved that PEPc-PMAA caused a distinct membrane disturbance of the DPPG liposome at pH 5.5, resulting in more serious cargo leakage. Because of its targeting and disrupting effects on negatively charged biomembranes under acidic conditions, PEPc-PMAA showed its good potential as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Shouhong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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A pH/reduction dual-sensitive copolymer inserted in liposomal bilayer acts as a protective “umbrella”. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kopecka J, Trouillas P, Gašparović AČ, Gazzano E, Assaraf YG, Riganti C. Phospholipids and cholesterol: Inducers of cancer multidrug resistance and therapeutic targets. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 49:100670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li M, Wang S, Xu J, Xu S, Liu H. pH/Redox-Controlled Interaction between Lipid Membranes and Peptide Derivatives with a "Helmet". J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6784-6791. [PMID: 31306021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How to reduce the cytotoxicity of antitumor peptides to normal cells remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we designed a pH/redox-responsive supramolecular structure (Pep-V⊂P-PEG) composed of a peptide modified with viologen (Pep-V) and polyethylene glycol bearing pillar[5]arene (P-PEG) as a "helmet". By shielding the hydrophobic moiety of the peptide derivative with pillar[5]arene via host-guest interactions, its disruption on normal cells can be effectively reduced. At acidic pH, the supramolecular structure can selectively adsorb onto negatively charged lipid membranes because of electrostatic interactions. Owing to redox responsiveness of the viologen group, Pep-V could be separated from P-PEG after the addition of reductants and inserted into lipid bilayers, which leads to membrane disruption. Cargo leakage of liposome models was investigated to understand Pep-V⊂P-PEG-induced liposomal membrane disruption under different pH values and redox conditions. Results showed that Pep-V⊂P-PEG caused almost no cargo leakage from (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine) liposomes at pH 7.4 but significant leakage from negatively charged (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-(1-rac-glyerol)) liposomes at pH 5.0 under a reducing environment. Pep-V⊂P-PEG displayed low destructive effects on mimic normal cells and significant disruption to mimic tumor cells when exposed to a reducing environment that is expected to be a potential antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , PR China
| | - Sijia Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou 450046 , PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , PR China
| | - Shouhong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , PR China
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , PR China
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Catalani E, Buonanno F, Lupidi G, Bongiorni S, Belardi R, Zecchini S, Giovarelli M, Coazzoli M, De Palma C, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Prantera G, Marcantoni E, Ortenzi C, Fausto AM, Picchietti S, Cervia D. The Natural Compound Climacostol as a Prodrug Strategy Based on pH Activation for Efficient Delivery of Cytotoxic Small Agents. Front Chem 2019; 7:463. [PMID: 31316972 PMCID: PMC6609918 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized and characterized MOMO as a new small molecule analog of the cytotoxic natural product climacostol efficiently activated in mild extracellular acidosis. The synthesis of MOMO had a key step in the Wittig olefination for the construction of the carbon-carbon double bond in the alkenyl moiety of climacostol. The possibility of obtaining the target (Z)-alkenyl MOMO derivative in very good yield and without presence of the less active (E)-diastereomer was favored from the methoxymethyl ether (MOM)-protecting group of hydroxyl functions in aromatic ring of climacostol aldehyde intermediate. Of interest, the easy removal of MOM-protecting group in a weakly acidic environment allowed us to obtain a great quantity of climacostol in biologically active (Z)-configuration. Results obtained in free-living ciliates that share the same micro-environment of the climacostol natural producer Climacostomum virens demonstrated that MOMO is well-tolerated in a physiological environment, while its cytotoxicity is rapidly and efficiently triggered at pH 6.3. In addition, the cytostatic vs. cytotoxic effects of acidified-MOMO can be modulated in a dose-dependent manner. In mouse melanoma cells, MOMO displayed a marked pH-sensitivity since its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects become evident only in mild extracellular acidosis. Data also suggested MOMO being preferentially activated in the unique extra-acidic microenvironment that characterizes tumoural cells. Finally, the use of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster fed with an acidic diet supported the efficient activity and oral delivery of MOMO molecule in vivo. MOMO affected oviposition of mating adults and larvae eclosion. Reduced survival of flies was due to lethality during the larval stages while emerging larvae retained their ability to develop into adults. Interestingly, the gut of eclosed larvae exhibited an extended damage (cell death by apoptosis) and the brain tissue was also affected (reduced mitosis), demonstrating that orally activated MOMO efficiently targets different tissues of the developing fly. These results provided a proof-of-concept study on the pH-dependence of MOMO effects. In this respect, MOM-protection emerges as a potential prodrug strategy which deserves to be further investigated for the generation of efficient pH-sensitive small organic molecules as pharmacologically active cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federico Buonanno
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lupidi
- School of Sciences and Technologies, Section of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bongiorni
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Belardi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “Luigi Sacco”-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Giorgio Prantera
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- School of Sciences and Technologies, Section of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Characterization of Antifungal Lipopeptide Biosurfactants Produced by Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. CS30. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040199. [PMID: 30934847 PMCID: PMC6520760 DOI: 10.3390/md17040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to screen for marine bacterial agents to biocontrol Magnaporthe grisea, a serious fungal pathogen of cereal crops. A bacterial strain, isolated from the cold seep in deep sea, exhibited strong growth inhibition against M. grisea, and the strain was identified and designated as Bacillus sp. CS30. The corresponding antifungal agents were purified by acidic precipitation, sequential methanol extraction, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and two antifungal peaks were obtained at the final purification step. After analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS, two purified antifungal agents were deduced to belong to the surfactin family, and designated as surfactin CS30-1 and surfactin CS30-2. Further investigation showed that although the antifungal activity of surfactin CS30-1 is higher than that of surfactin CS30-2, both of them induced the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused serious damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, thus leading to the cell death of M. grisea. Our results also show the differences of the antifungal activity and antifungal mechanism of the different surfactin homologs surfactin CS30-1 and surfactin CS30-2, and highlight them as potential promising agents to biocontrol plant diseases caused by M. grisea.
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