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Shundo A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Network Formation and Physical Properties of Epoxy Resins for Future Practical Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1522-1542. [PMID: 35911459 PMCID: PMC9327093 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins are used in various fields in a wide range of applications such as coatings, adhesives, modeling compounds, impregnation materials, high-performance composites, insulating materials, and encapsulating and packaging materials for electronic devices. To achieve the desired properties, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how the network formation and physical state change involved in the curing reaction affect the resultant network architecture and physical properties. However, this is not necessarily easy because of their infusibility at higher temperatures and insolubility in organic solvents. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge related to these issues which has been gathered using various experimental techniques in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. This should provide useful ideas for researchers who aim to design and construct various thermosetting polymer systems including currently popular materials such as vitrimers over epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuomi Shundo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Kogo T, Shundo A, Wang C, Tanaka K. Spatial Heterogeneity Accompanying Gel Formation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Aqueous Solution at a Temperature below Cloud Point. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kogo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsuomi Shundo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Kanazawa S, Morimoto K, Tabata E, Okura A, Ikemoto Y, Yamamoto K, de Campo L, Akiba I. Self-Assembly of Surfactin into Nanofibers with Hydrophilic Channels in Nonpolar Organic Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7627-7633. [PMID: 32490677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the self-assembly of surfactin (SFNa), a cyclic peptide amphiphile produced by Bacillus subtilis, in a nonpolar organic solvent, namely, cyclohexane (CHx). The CHx solution of SFNa formed a thermoreversible organogel. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses showed that gelation of the CHx solution of SFNa was caused by physical cross-linking of SFNa nanofibers. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analyses showed that the SFNa nanofibers were formed by one-dimensional stacking of SFNa rings with a period of 0.48 nm corresponding to the length of inter-ring hydrogen bonds between amide groups. A combination of SAXS and small-angle neutron scattering investigations of CHx and deuterated CHx solutions of SFNa nanofibers containing H2O or D2O showed that the SFNa nanofibers had a hydrophilic interior and formed water channels by water incorporation in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kanazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan
| | - Aya Okura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikemoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Isamu Akiba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan
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Shundo A, Matsumoto Y, Hayashi H, Tsuruzoe N, Matsuno H, Tanaka K. Mesoscopic heterogeneity in a nanocellulose-containing cell storage medium. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4570-4574. [PMID: 32412024 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A nanocellulose (NC)-containing medium is a promising candidate for cell storage that allows cell floating without any stirring. We here found that the NC medium was spatially heterogeneous in terms of its rheological properties. The characteristic length of the heterogeneity was a few tens of micrometers and it decreased upon sonication treatment. The length scale of the heterogeneity affected the cell suspension; the NC medium having a smaller length scale suppressed the cell sedimentation effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuomi Shundo
- Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Matsumoto Y, Shundo A, Hayashi H, Tsuruzoe N, Tanaka K. Effect of the Heterogeneous Structure on Mechanical Properties for a Nanocellulose-Reinforced Polymer Composite. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Aoki M, Shundo A, Kuwahara R, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Mesoscopic Heterogeneity in the Curing Process of an Epoxy–Amine System. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Machado CA, Smith IR, Savin DA. Self-Assembly of Oligo- and Polypeptide-Based Amphiphiles: Recent Advances and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Machado
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ian R. Smith
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel A. Savin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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