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Tercki D, Orlińska B, Słotwińska D, Sajdak M. Pickering emulsions as an alternative to traditional polymers: trends and applications. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pickering emulsions have gained increasing interest because of their unique features, including easy preparation and stability. In contrast to classical emulsions, in Pickering emulsions, the stabilisers are solid micro/nanoparticles that accumulate on the surfaces of liquid phases. In addition to their stability, Pickering emulsions are less toxic and responsive to external stimuli, which make them versatile material that can be flexibly designed for specific applications, e.g., catalysis, pharmaceuticals and new materials. The potential toxicity and adverse impact on the environment of classic emulsions is related to the extractable nature of the water emulsifier. The impacts of some emulsifiers are related to not only their chemical natures but also their stabilities; after base or acid hydrolysis, some emulsifiers can be turned into sulphates and fatty alcohols, which are dangerous to aquatic life. In this paper, recent research on Pickering emulsion preparations is reviewed, with a focus on styrene as one of the main emulsion components. Moreover, the effects of the particle type and morphology and the critical parameters of the emulsion production process on emulsion properties and applications are discussed. Furthermore, the current and prospective applications of Pickering emulsion, such as in lithium-ion batteries and new vaccines, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Tercki
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry , PhD School, Silesian University of Technology , Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
- Synthos S.A. , ul. Chemików 1, 32-600 Oświęcim , Poland
| | - Beata Orlińska
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry , Silesian University of Technology , B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
| | | | - Marcin Sajdak
- Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology , S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK
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Rheology and structure of Pickering emulsions undergoing transitional phase inversion using a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xie H, Zhao W, Zhang X, Wang Z. Demulsification of Bacteria-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions Using Modified Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24102-24112. [PMID: 35603430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions stabilized by bacteria acting as particle emulsifiers are new platforms for microbial transformations of hydrophobic chemicals. However, their high stability often hampers demulsification during downstream processing. Since the existing methods (like addition of surfactants) to demulsify bacteria-stabilized Pickering emulsions have negative effects, new practical methods need to be developed. Here, using chemically modified fumed silica particles with different hydrophobicity, the demulsification of W/O Pickering emulsions stabilized by Mycobacterium neoaurum whole cells was first studied. The binary particle-stabilized emulsions exhibited phase inversion and dewatering induced by the coalescence of W/O emulsions or creaming of O/W emulsions. The silica particle hydrophobicity and concentration were the important parameters influencing the emulsion type, droplet morphology, and dewatering rate. The highest dewatering rate and largest droplet size were obtained at the inversion point from W/O to O/W. Confocal microscopy showed that no interaction between the bacteria and silica particles existed and the silica particle adsorption at the interface induced the detachment of bacteria from the interface, revealing that there was competitive adsorption between the binary particles at the interface. Based on these results, we suggested that the average hydrophobicity of the binary particles at the interface would determine the emulsion type and stability. Finally, this strategy was successfully applied to the demulsification of the Pickering emulsion formed during microbial transformation of sterols. Overall, this study provides a new strategy to demulsify Pickering emulsions by addition of another particle emulsifier. This is also the first example of separation of products as well as organic phases after microbial transformation in Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Shanghai 200240, China
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Tyowua AT, Binks BP. Organic pigment particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biomolecule-based pickering food emulsions: Intrinsic components of food matrix, recent trends and prospects. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sun H, Li S, Chen S, Wang C, Liu D, Li X. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of sodium starch octenylsuccinate-based Pickering emulsion films incorporated with cinnamon essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:696-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang XM, Luo ZJ, Guo J, Ruan QJ, Wang JM, Yang XQ. Enzyme-Adsorbed Chitosan Nanogel Particles as Edible Pickering Interfacial Biocatalysts and Lipase-Responsive Phase Inversion of Emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8890-8899. [PMID: 32687343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, a simple food-grade Pickering emulsion system is prepared and adopted for biphasic biocatalytic reactions. The chitosan nanogels were prepared with strong dispersion of chitosan aggregates approaching neutral pH and then used as the particle emulsifiers to produce oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. The chitosan nanogel exhibited high affinity to negatively charged lipase. As a result of increasing the biphasic interfacial area and loading amount on the oil-water interface, the catalysis activity of lipase and recycling and pH stability were highly enhanced through colorimetric determination of p-nitrophenol (the hydrolysis product of p-nitrophenyl palmitate). A general strategy was proposed to obtain stimulus-responsive Pickering emulsions that can undergo phase inversion. The in situ modification of the wettability of chitosan nanogel could be attributed to the interaction between nanogel and free fatty acids, which was triggered by lipase hydrolysis. This would permit a rapid and controlled release of hydrophobic active components in response to enzymatic triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Huang
- Protein Research and Development Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jiao Luo
- Protein Research and Development Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo
- Protein Research and Development Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Ruan
- Protein Research and Development Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510610, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Effective Component Testing and Risk Material Rapid Screening of Functional Food, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- Protein Research and Development Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yang
- Protein Research and Development Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
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Giakoumatos EC, Aloi A, Voets IK. Illuminating the Impact of Submicron Particle Size and Surface Chemistry on Interfacial Position and Pickering Emulsion Type. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4837-4841. [PMID: 32479735 PMCID: PMC7349595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions are increasingly applied in the production of medicines, cosmetics, and in food technology. To apply Pickering emulsions in a rational manner it is insufficient to examine properties solely on a macroscopic scale, as this does not elucidate heterogeneities in contact angles (θ) of individual particles, which may have a profound impact on stability and microstructure. Here, we apply the super-resolution technique iPAINT to elucidate for the first time the microscopic origins of macroscopically observed emulsion phase inversions induced by a variation in particle size and aqueous phase pH. We find θ of single carboxyl polystyrene submicron particles (CPS) significantly decreases due to increasing aqueous phase pH and particle size, respectively. Our findings confirm that θ of submicron particles are both size- and pH-dependent. Interestingly, for CPS stabilized water-octanol emulsions, this enables tuning of emulsion type from water-in-oil to oil-in-water by adjustments in either particle size or pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Giakoumatos
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry, Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Aloi
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry, Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry, Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Björkegren S, Freixiela Dias MCA, Lundahl K, Nordstierna L, Palmqvist A. Phase Inversions Observed in Thermoresponsive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Surface Functionalized Colloidal Silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2357-2367. [PMID: 32075376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the emulsification performance of functionalized colloidal silica is explored with the aim to achieve phase inversion of particle-stabilized (Pickering) emulsion systems. An increased understanding of inversion conditions can facilitate surfactant-free emulsion fabrication and expand its use in industrial applications. Phase inversion was achieved by adjusting the temperature but without changing the composition of the emulsion formulation. Silica nanoparticles modified with hydrophobic propyl groups and hydrophilic methyl poly(ethylene)glycol (mPEG) groups are used as emulsifiers, enabling control of the wettability of the particles and exploration of phase inversion phenomena, the latter due to the thermoresponsiveness of the attached PEG chains. The phase inversion conditions as well as the reversibility of the emulsion systems were examined at varying electrolyte concentrations and pH values of the suspensions. Transitional phase inversions, from oil-in-water and water-in-oil and back, were observed in functionalized silica particle-stabilized butanol emulsions at distinct temperatures. The phase inversion temperature was affected by electrolyte concentration and pH conditions due to salting-out effects, PEG-silica interactions, and the effects of the particle surface charge. Investigations of phase inversion conditions, temperature, and hysteresis effects in Pickering emulsions can improve the theoretical understanding of these phenomena and facilitate the implementation of low-energy emulsion preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Björkegren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, SE-445 80 Bohus, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Lundahl
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, SE-445 80 Bohus, Sweden
| | - Lars Nordstierna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmqvist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Low LE, Siva SP, Ho YK, Chan ES, Tey BT. Recent advances of characterization techniques for the formation, physical properties and stability of Pickering emulsion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102117. [PMID: 32035999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there have been increasing demand for the application of Pickering emulsions in various industries due to its combined advantage in terms of cost, quality and sustainability. This review aims to provide a complete overview of the available methodology for the physical characterization of emulsions that are stabilized by solid particles (known as Pickering emulsion). Current approaches and techniques for the analysis of the formation and properties of the Pickering emulsion were outlined along with the expected results of these methods on the emulsions. Besides, the application of modelling techniques has also been elaborated for the effective characterization of Pickering emulsions. Additionally, approaches to assess the stability of Pickering emulsions against physical deformation such as coalescence and gravitational separation were reviewed. Potential future developments of these characterization techniques were also briefly discussed. This review can act as a guide to researchers to better understand the standard procedures of Pickering emulsion assessment and the advanced methods available to date to study these emulsions, down to the minute details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ee Low
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Sangeetaprivya P Siva
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kuen Ho
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Seng Chan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Self-assembled heteromorphous raspberry-like colloidal particles from Pickering-like emulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tang C, Li Y, Pun J, Mohamed Osman AS, Tam KC. Polydopamine microcapsules from cellulose nanocrystal stabilized Pickering emulsions for essential oil and pesticide encapsulation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tang C, Spinney S, Shi Z, Tang J, Peng B, Luo J, Tam KC. Amphiphilic Cellulose Nanocrystals for Enhanced Pickering Emulsion Stabilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12897-12905. [PMID: 30301353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with high surface charge density are inadequate for stabilizing oil-water emulsions, which limits their applications as interfacial stabilizers. We performed end-group modification by introducing hydrophobic chains (polystyrene) to CNC. Results showed that the modified CNC are more effective in emulsifying toluene and hexadecane than pristine CNC. Various parameters were investigated, such as concentration of particles, electrolytes, and polarity of solvents on the characteristics of the emulsions. This study provides strategies for the modification of cellulose nanocrystals to yield amphiphilic nanoparticles that enhance the stability of emulsions. Such systems, bearing biocompatible and environmentally friendly characteristics, are attractive for use in a wide range of industries spanning food, biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Stewart Spinney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Zengqian Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Juntao Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , P. R. China
| | - Baoliang Peng
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina , Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry, CNPC , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Luo
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development (RIPED), PetroChina , Key Laboratory of Nano Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry, CNPC , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
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