1
|
Gao Q, Wang B, Trivedi J, Xu X, Liu S. Experimental Investigations and MD Simulation on Nanoparticle-Enhanced CO 2-Responsive Foam (NECRF): Implications on CO 2-EOR. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43647-43660. [PMID: 39106148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
CO2-responsive foam (CRF) is a highly promising candidate for CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) because it displays higher stability than the surfactant-stabilized foam owing to the formation of robust wormlike micelles (WLMs) upon exposure to CO2. In this work, the nanoparticle-enhanced CO2-responsive foam (NECRF) was properly prepared using lauryl ether sulfate sodium (LES)/diethylenetriamine/nano-SiO2, and its interfacial properties and EOR potential were experimentally and numerically assessed, aiming to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of NECRF as a novel CO2-EOR technique. It was found that the interfacial expansion elastic modulus increased 6-fold after CO2 stimulation. The modulus continued to increase with the introduction of nano-SiO2 owing to the pronounced synergistic effect of WLMs and nanoparticles. In addition to increasing the viscosity of the foaming liquid, WLMs and nano-SiO2 enhanced the shearing resistance of the NECRF as well. Calculations demonstrated that both the coarsening rate and the size distribution uniformity coefficient of NECRF were markedly lower than that of the LES foam, which subsequently inhibited NECRF decay and greatly improved its dynamic stability. Besides, molecular dynamics simulation revealed that adding inorganic salts to NECRF could notably enhance the foaming performance due to the intensified hydration of surfactant head groups and reduced binding energy of neighboring molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance-assisted core flooding experiments validated the exceptional capacity of NECRF to sweep the low-permeability region and improve the conformance profile. Overall, these findings may provide valuable insights into the development and application of novel materials and strategies for the CO2-EOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Exploration and Development Theory and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, PR China
- School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, PR China
- School of Mining and Petroleum, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Exploration and Development Theory and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, PR China
- School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Japan Trivedi
- School of Mining and Petroleum, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xingguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Exploration and Development Theory and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, PR China
- School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Exploration and Development Theory and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, PR China
- School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shakeel M, Sagandykova D, Mukhtarov A, Dauyltayeva A, Maratbekkyzy L, Pourafshary P, Musharova D. Maximizing oil recovery: Innovative chemical EOR solutions for residual oil mobilization in Kazakhstan's waterflooded sandstone oilfield. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28915. [PMID: 38586411 PMCID: PMC10998114 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The results of an experimental study to design a chemical flood scheme for a massive Kazakhstani oilfield with high water cut are presented in this paper. A meticulously formulated chemical flooding procedure entails injecting a blend comprising interfacial tension (IFT) reducing agents, alkaline/nanoparticles to control chemical adsorption, and polymer to facilitate mobility control. Overall, this well-conceived approach leads to a significant enhancement in the mobilization and production of residual oil. Experiments were conducted in Kazakhstan's Field A, one of the country's oldest oilfields with over 90% water cut and substantial remaining oil, to assess the efficiency of various hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) derived polymers and surfactant solutions. Additionally, the effectiveness of alkaline and nanoparticles in minimizing chemical adsorption for the screened surfactant and polymer was investigated. These assessments were conducted under reservoir conditions, with a temperature of 63 °C, and using 13,000 ppm Caspian seawater as makeup brine. The performance assessment of the selected chemicals was carried out through a set of oil displacement tests on reservoir cores. Critical parameters, including chemical adsorption, interfacial tension, resistance factor, and oil recovery factor, were compared to determine the most effective chemical flooding approach for Field A. Both the surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) approaches were more successful in recovering residual oil by efficiently generating and delivering microemulsion, producing more than 90% of the remaining oil after waterflooding. Due to the low increase in recovery compared to SP and the complexity of applying ASP at the field scale, SP was recommended for the pilot test studies. This investigation underscores that the choice of chemicals is contingent upon the interplay between the specific characteristics of the oil, the geological formation, the injection water, and the reservoir rock. Consequently, assessing all potential configurations on reservoir cores is imperative to identify the most optimal chemical combination. The practical challenges at the field scale should also be considered for the final decision. The results of this study contribute to the successful design and implementation of tailored chemical flooding to challenging oilfields with excessive water cut and high residual oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Shakeel
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dilyara Sagandykova
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aibek Mukhtarov
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Amina Dauyltayeva
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Laila Maratbekkyzy
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Peyman Pourafshary
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gan Q, Peng LE, Yang Z, Sun PF, Wang L, Guo H, Tang CY. Demystifying the Role of Surfactant in Tailoring Polyamide Morphology for Enhanced Reverse Osmosis Performance: Mechanistic Insights and Environmental Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1819-1827. [PMID: 36652351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-assisted interfacial polymerization (IP) has shown strong potential to improve the separation performance of thin film composite polyamide membranes. A common belief is that the enhanced performance is attributed to accelerated amine diffusion induced by the surfactant, which can promote the IP reaction. However, we show enhanced membrane performance for Tween 80 (a common surfactant), even though it decreased the amine diffusion. Indeed, the membrane performance is closely related to its polyamide roughness features with numerous nanovoids. Inspired by the nanofoaming theory that relates the roughness features to nanobubbles degassed during the IP reaction, we hypothesize that the surfactant can stabilize the generated nanobubbles to tailor the formation of nanovoids. Accordingly, we obtained enlarged nanovoids when the surfactant was added below its critical micelle concentration (CMC). In addition, both the membrane permeance and selectivity were enhanced, thanks to the enlarged nanovoids and reduced defects in the polyamide layer. Increasing the concentration above CMC resulted in shrunken nanovoids and deteriorated performance, which can be ascribed to the decreased stabilization effect caused by micelle formation. Interestingly, better antifouling performance was also observed for the surfactant-assisted membranes. Our current study provides mechanistic insights into the critical role of surfactant during the IP reaction, which may have important implications for more efficient membrane-based desalination and water reuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qimao Gan
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| | - Lu Elfa Peng
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR999077, P. R., China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li S, Li S, Du K, Zhu J, Shang L, Zhang K. Synthesis and stability of switchable CO 2-responsive foaming coupled with nanoparticles. iScience 2022; 25:105091. [PMID: 36164653 PMCID: PMC9508482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2-responsive foaming has been drawing huge attention due to its unique switching characteristics in academic research and industrial practices, whereas its stability remains questionable for further applications. In this paper, a new CO2-switchable foam was synthesized by adding the preferably selected hydrophilic nanoparticle N20 into the foaming agent C12A, through a series of analytical experiments. Overall, the synergy between cationic surfactants and nanoparticles with a contact angle of 37.83° is the best. More specifically, after adding 1.5 wt% N20, the half-life of foam is 14 times longer than that of pure C12A foam. What’s more, the C12A-N20 solution is validated to own distinctive CO2-N2 switching features because very slight foaming degradations are observed in terms of the foaming volume and half-life time even after three cycles of CO2-N2 injections. This study is of paramount importance pertaining to future CO2 foam research and applications in energy and environmental practices. Cationic surfactants have the best synergy with NPs with a contact angle of 37.83° The foam stability increased with the increase of NPs concentration CO2/N2 can control the foaming properties of C12A-N20 solution and are reversible
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.,School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Du
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Liying Shang
- Engineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300452, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu N, Chen Y, Jiang W, Chen X, Du H, Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Ju B. Stability mechanism of SiO2/SDS dispersion for foam flooding in hydrocarbon reservoirs: experimental research and molecular simulation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:264. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
6
|
Cao M, Wu Y, Zhao M, Dai C, Yuan Y, Chen Z. Modulation of bubble flow resistance and surface fluidity :the effect of nanoparticle packing density at gas–liquid interface. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Aqueous foams and emulsions stabilized by mixtures of silica nanoparticles and surfactants: A state-of-the-art review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
8
|
Xie Y, Xu Y, Xu J. pH-responsive pickering foam created from self-aggregate polymer using dynamic covalent bond. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:383-392. [PMID: 33894546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Responsive surfactant systems based on dynamic covalent bond exhibit an unsatisfactory foamability and foam stability, despite their documented functionality in emulsions. As such we anticipate that the foaming performance should be improved by introducing Pickering effect, which is possible when the responsiveness of the dynamic covenant bonds controls not only the hydrophobicity of polymers but also their aggregation behavior (to form nanoparticles). EXPERIMENTS Here we created surface active nanoparticles made from self-aggregated polymers consisting of PAH (polyallylamine hydrochloride)-BA (benzaldehyde). The covalent imine bonds between originally hydrophilic PAH and hydrophobic BA are dynamic in that their formation and breakage is a function of solution pH, confirmed by 1H NMR and dynamic interfacial tension measurement. FINDINGS At pH 7.4, a stable foam is achieved in the PAH-BA (amino to aldehyde ratio at 1:0.2) solution; while at pH 2.5, it defoams due to breakage of dynamic bonds corresponding to the measured diminishing surface activity. The reversibility of foaming-defoaming has been demonstrated by alternatively changing pH for multiple cycles, with the foaming performance persistent. The foam stability can be improved by more hydrophobic compounds e.g. at a lower amino to aldehyde ratio or using PAH-cinnamaldehyde (CA). The reversible and responsive foaming demonstrated in a Pickering system provides a new method to create novel foaming systems with properties desirable to many applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Li L, Wang X, Qiu T, Yang J, Ye C. Reaction kinetic studies on the immobilized-lipase catalyzed enzymatic resolution of 1-phenylethanol transesterification with ethyl butyrate. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1855150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weican Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoda Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changshen Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng D, Jin W, Arts M, Yang J, Li B, Sagis LM. Effect of CMC degree of substitution and gliadin/CMC ratio on surface rheology and foaming behavior of gliadin/CMC nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Pal N, Verma A, Ojha K, Mandal A. Nanoparticle-modified gemini surfactant foams as efficient displacing fluids for enhanced oil recovery. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
12
|
Zhou J, Ranjith P, Wanniarachchi W. Different strategies of foam stabilization in the use of foam as a fracturing fluid. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 276:102104. [PMID: 31978640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An attractive alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of conventional water-based fluids on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing is to inject foam-based fracking fluids into reservoirs. The efficiency of foaming fluids in subsurface applications largely depends on the stability and transportation of foam bubbles in harsh environments with high temperature, pressure and salinity, all of which inevitably lead to poor foam properties and thus limit fracturing efficiency. The aim of this paper is to elaborate popular strategies of foam stabilization under reservoir conditions. Specifically, this review first discusses three major mechanisms governing foam decay and summarizes recent progress in research on these phenomena. Since surfactants, polymers, nanoparticles and their composites are popular options for foam stabilization, their stabilizing effects, especially the synergies in composites, are also reviewed. In addition to reporting experimental results, the paper also reports recent advances in interfacial properties via molecular dynamical simulation, which provide new insights into gas/liquid interfacial properties under the influence of surfactants at molecular scale. The results of both experiments and simulations indicate that foam additives play an essential role in foam stability and the synergic effects of surfactants and nanoparticles exhibit more favorable performance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu X, Wang R, Wu Y, Ma Y. The flow behaviors of nanoparticle‐stabilized bubbles in microchannel: Influence of surface hardening. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yu
- School of Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- School of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Wu
- School of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Youguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adsorption behaviour of surfactant-nanoparticles at the gas-liquid interface: Influence of the alkane chain length. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Jia H, Leng X, Wang Q, Han Y, Wang S, Ma A, Guo M, Yan H, Lv K. Controllable emulsion phase behaviour via the selective host-guest recognition of mixed surfactants at the water/octane interface. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
16
|
Wu Y, Wang R, Dai C, Xu Y, Yue T, Zhao M. Precisely Tailoring Bubble Morphology in Microchannel by Nanoparticles Self-assembly. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Caili Dai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dai C, Huang Y, Lyu X, Li L, Sun Y, Zhao M, Zhao G, Wu Y. Solid-like film formed by nano-silica self-assembly at oil–water interface. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|