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Bakhchova L, Deckert L, Steinmann U. Wrinkled Thermo-Electric Meander-Shaped Element on a Thin Freestanding PDMS Membrane. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050508. [PMID: 37233569 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural wrinkling of metal films on silicone substrates can appear by means of the metal sputtering process and can be described by the continuous elastic theory and non-linear wrinkling model. Here, we report the fabrication technology and behavior of thin freestanding Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes equipped with thermo-electric meander-shaped elements. The Cr/Au wires were obtained on the silicone substrate by magnetron sputtering. We observe wrinkle formation and suppose furrows appear once PDMS returns to its initial state after the thermo-mechanical expansion during sputtering. Although the substrate thickness is usually a negligible parameter in the theory of wrinkle formation, we found that the self-assembled wrinkling architecture of the PDMS/Cr/Au varies due to the membrane thickness of 20 µm and 40 µm PDMS. We also demonstrate that the wrinkling of the meander wire affects its length, and it causes a 2.7 times higher resistance compared to a calculated value. Therefore, we investigate the influence of the PDMS mixing ratio on the thermo-electric meander-shaped elements. For the stiffer PDMS with a mixing ratio of 10:4, the resistance due to wrinkle amplitude alterations is 25% higher compared to the PDMS of ratio 10:1. Additionally, we observe and describe a thermo-mechanically induced motion behavior of the meander wires on completely freestanding PDMS membrane under applied current. These results can improve the understanding of wrinkle formation, which influences thermo-electric characteristics and may promote the integration of this technology in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Bakhchova
- Institute for Automation Technology, Faculty of Electro Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Liudmila Deckert
- Institute for Automation Technology, Faculty of Electro Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steinmann
- Institute for Automation Technology, Faculty of Electro Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Wang M, Rojas OJ, Ning L, Li Y, Niu X, Shi X, Qi H. Liquid metal and Mxene enable self-healing soft electronics based on double networks of bacterial cellulose hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Chen S, Hu K, Yan S, Ma T, Deng X, Zhang W, Yin J, Jiang X. Dynamic metal patterns of wrinkles based on photosensitive layers. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2186-2195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Yamada Y, Isobe K, Horibe A. Droplet motion on a wrinkled PDMS surface with a gradient structural length scale shorter than the droplet diameter. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13917-13923. [PMID: 35548386 PMCID: PMC9087903 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet transportation using a wettability gradient surface has attracted much attention owing to applications such as in microfluidic devices. A surface with a spatial structural gradient was prepared through a simple and cost-effective process even though understanding of droplet behavior on the structure was still limited. Here, we report impinging droplet motion on a gradient wrinkled surface. Surfaces were prepared through hard film deposition on soft pre-strained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a mask installed with a slit to control the amount of deposition, which is related to the wavelength of the wrinkles. Droplets were impinged with varying position with respect to the structure, and the droplet motion was observed in the direction away from the region under the slit. We found an asymmetric contact angle and alternate motion on both sides of the three-phase contact line during the motion according to the gradient of the wrinkle wavelength. These results may help not only to understand the behavior of droplet impingement on a gradient structural surface but also to further develop applications using directional droplet transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan +81 86 251 8046
| | - Kazuma Isobe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan +81 86 251 8046
| | - Akihiko Horibe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan +81 86 251 8046
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5
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Junisu BA, Chang ICY, Lin CC, Sun YS. Surface Wrinkling on Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3907-3916. [PMID: 35298168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of gold precursor solutions are prepared by dissolving HAuCl4 and its mixtures with K2CO3 of different contents in deionized (DI) water. Neat HAuCl4 predominately forms AuCl4- ions in an aqueous solution. In the presence of K2CO3, AuCl4- ions hydrolyze to form [AuCl4-x(OH)x]- complex ions. Increasing the content of K2CO3 in a gold precursor solution increases the content of [AuCl4-x(OH)x]- complex ions and decreases the content of AuCl4- ions. Poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) films of two different molecular weights are deposited on SiOx/Si by spin coating, by which the thicknesses are controlled by polymer weight fractions in butanol. Those P4VP films form periodic wrinkles when immersed in aqueous solutions, followed by drying. The surface wrinkling is induced by swelling pressure that overwhelms the mechanical property of the P4VP film. The periodicity and amplitude of wrinkles grown on the P4VP films strongly correlate with initial thickness, AuCl4- ion content, and residual stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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6
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Yu S, Guo Y, Li H, Lu C, Zhou H, Li L. Tailoring Ordered Wrinkle Arrays for Tunable Surface Performances by Template-Modulated Gradient Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11989-11998. [PMID: 35192316 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex wrinkled microstructures are ubiquitous in natural systems and living bodies. Although homogeneous wrinkles in film-substrate bilayers have been extensively investigated in the past 2 decades, tailoring heterogeneous wrinkles by a facile method is still a challenge. Here, we report on the controllable heterogeneous wrinkles in template-modulated thickness-gradient metal films sputter-deposited on polydimethylsiloxane substrates. It is found that the stress of the gradient film is strongly position-dependent and the wrinkles are always restricted in thinner film regions. The morphological characteristic and formation mechanism of the heterogeneous wrinkles are analyzed and discussed in detail based on the stress theory. Ordered wrinkle arrays are achieved by adjusting the deposition time, copper grid period, template shape, and lifting height. The surface performances (e.g., the friction property) are well controlled by the wrinkle arrays. This work could promote better understanding of the spontaneously heterogeneous wrinkles in template-modulated gradient films and controllable fabrication of various wrinkle arrays by independently tuning film deposition conditions and template parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Huihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physics, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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7
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Kashihara Y, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Travelling Wave Generation of Wrinkles on the Hydrogel Surfaces. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100848. [PMID: 35020236 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic and static properties of structured surfaces have important functions in nature. In particular, wrinkles have important static roles, for example, increasing surface area, but dynamic roles of wrinkles remain poorly understood. Specifically, to understand and utilize the dynamic functions of wrinkles, it is necessary to observe wrinkle formation directly. In this study, a polyion complex (PIC) is formed on a hydrogel surface by electrophoresis, and the process of wrinkle formation through a transparent electrode is directly observed. By quantitative analysis of the wavelength and amplitude of wrinkles, it is found that the wrinkles move randomly in a wavy pattern in the initial stage of growing process. Furthermore, the direction of wavy motion of wrinkles is controlled by the compression of hydrogels in the in-plane direction. The present study provides important insights into the fabrication of wrinkled surfaces with a controlled flow direction; opening the possibility for active wrinkles used in the development of functional surface structures as actuators that are capable of transporting small objects in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kashihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Schöttle M, Tran T, Feller T, Retsch M. Time-Temperature Integrating Optical Sensors Based on Gradient Colloidal Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101948. [PMID: 34418180 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation-free and autonomous recording of temperature states for extended periods of time is of increasing importance for food spoilage and battery safety assessment. An optical readout is preferred for low-tech visual inspection. Here, a concept for time-temperature integrators based on colloidal crystals is introduced. Two unique features in this class of advanced materials are combined: 1) the film-formation kinetics can be controlled by orders of magnitude based on mixtures of particles with distinct glass transition temperatures. 2) A gradual variation of the particle mixture along a linear gradient of the colloidal crystal enables local readout. Tailor-made latex particles of identical size but different glass transition temperatures provide a homogenous photonic stopband. The disappearance of this opalescence is directly related to the local particle ratio and the exposure to a time and temperature combination. This sensing material can be adjusted to report extended intermediate and short excessive temperature events, which makes it specifically suitable for long-term tracing and threshold applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schöttle
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tanja Feller
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Retsch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), Bavarian Polymer Institute, and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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9
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Xiong Y, Kuksenok O. Mechanical Adaptability of Patterns in Constrained Hydrogel Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4900-4912. [PMID: 33844552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation and dynamic restructuring play a vital role in a plethora of natural processes. Understanding and controlling pattern formation in soft synthetic materials is important for imparting a range of biomimetic functionalities. Using a three-dimensional gel Lattice spring model, we focus on the dynamics of pattern formation and restructuring in thin thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) membranes under mechanical forcing via stretching and compression. A mechanical instability due to the constrained swelling of a polymer network in response to the temperature quench results in out-of-plane buckling of these membranes. The depth of the temperature quench and applied mechanical forcing affect the onset of buckling and postbuckling dynamics. We characterize formation and restructuring of buckling patterns under the stretching and compression by calculating the wavelength and the amplitude of these patterns. We demonstrate dynamic restructuring of the patterns under mechanical forcing and characterize the hysteresis behavior. Our findings show that in the range of the strain rates probed, the wavelength prescribed during the compression remains constant and independent of the sample widths, while the amplitude is regulated dynamically. We demonstrate that significantly smaller wavelengths can be prescribed and sustained dynamically than those achieved in equilibrium in the same systems. We show that an effective membrane thickness may decrease upon compression due to the out-of-plane deformations and pattern restructuring. Our findings point out that mechanical forcing can be harnessed to control the onset of buckling, postbuckling dynamics, and hysteresis phenomena in gel-based systems, introducing novel means of tailoring the functionality of soft structured surfaces and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Olga Kuksenok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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10
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Koya A, Zhu X, Ohannesian N, Yanik AA, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R, Shih WC, Garoli D. Nanoporous Metals: From Plasmonic Properties to Applications in Enhanced Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6038-6060. [PMID: 33797880 PMCID: PMC8155319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of plasmonics is capable of enabling interesting applications in different wavelength ranges, spanning from the ultraviolet up to the infrared. The choice of plasmonic material and how the material is nanostructured has significant implications for ultimate performance of any plasmonic device. Artificially designed nanoporous metals (NPMs) have interesting material properties including large specific surface area, distinctive optical properties, high electrical conductivity, and reduced stiffness, implying their potentials for many applications. This paper reviews the wide range of available nanoporous metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mg, and Pt), mainly focusing on their properties as plasmonic materials. While extensive reports on the use and characterization of NPMs exist, a detailed discussion on their connection with surface plasmons and enhanced spectroscopies as well as photocatalysis is missing. Here, we report on different metals investigated, from the most used nanoporous gold to mixed metal compounds, and discuss each of these plasmonic materials' suitability for a range of structural design and applications. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the traditional and alternative plasmonic materials for applications in enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangchao Zhu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. Ali Yanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Faculty of
Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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11
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Yu Y, Ng C, König TAF, Fery A. Tackling the Scalability Challenge in Plasmonics by Wrinkle-Assisted Colloidal Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8629-8645. [PMID: 30883131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency can excite the collective oscillation of the free electrons in metallic nanostructures using localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), and this phenomenon can be used for a variety of optical and electronic functionalities. However, nanostructure design over a large area using controlled LSPR features is challenging and requires high accuracy. In this article, we offer an overview of the efforts made by our group to implement a wrinkle-assisted colloidal particle assembly method to approach this challenge from a different angle. First, we introduce the controlled wrinkling process and discuss the underlying theoretical framework. We then set out how the wrinkled surfaces are utilized to guide the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles of various surface chemistry, size, and shape. Subsequently, template-assisted colloidal self-assembly mechanisms and a general guide for particle assembly beyond plasmonics will be presented. In addition, we also discuss the collective plasmonic behavior in depth, including strong plasmonic coupling due to nanoscale gap size as well as magnetic mode excitation and demonstrate the potential applications of wrinkle-assisted colloidal particle assembly method in the field of mechanoresponsive metasurfaces and surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Lastly, a general perspective in the field of template-assisted colloidal assembly with regard to potential applications in plasmonic photocatalysis, solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing devices is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Charlene Ng
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , 01069 Dresden , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden , Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymer Materials , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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