Markov Chain Modeling of Surfactant Critical Micelle Concentration and Surface Composition

Research Orientation and Development of Social Psychology's Concept of Justice in the Era of Cloud Computing

With the maturity and rapid expansion of social psychology, great progress has been made in the integration of social psychology with other disciplines. From the very beginning, social psychology is destined to have a diversified and multidisciplinary research orientation and disciplinary nature, which also makes it difficult for social psychology to be defined in a single disciplinary field and a single research method. With the rapid development of the Internet, the emergence of cloud computing technology not only facilitates the orientation of psychological research, but also promotes the emergence and development of some new psychological disciplines. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the orientation of social psychology and its current development in the context of cloud computing era. This paper collects, organizes, and integrates the research data of college students’ view of justice from the perspective of social psychology through cloud computing technology, and uses empirical research methods to conduct in-depth research on people’s view of justice in social psychology. This paper collects the data reports of college students on social justice issues through cloud computing technology to make the results more accurate. The experimental results show that nearly 70% of college students pay more attention to social justice issues. This data clearly reflects the optimistic trend of people’s attention to justice issues in social psychology.

What happens when pesticides are solubilised in binary ionic/zwitterionic-nonionic mixed micelles?

HYPOTHESIS

Surfactants have been widely used as adjuvants in agri-sprays to enhance the solubility of pesticides in foliar spray deposits and their mobility through leaf cuticles. Previously, we have characterised pesticide solubilisation in nonionic surfactant micelles, but what happens when pesticides become solubilised in anionic, cationic and zwitterionic and their mixtures with nonionic surfactants remain poorly characterised.

EXPERIMENTS

To facilitate characterisations by SANS and NMR, we used nonionic surfactant hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C₁₂E₆), anionic sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and zwitterionic dodecylphosphocholine (C₁₂PC) as model adjuvant systems to solubilise 3 pesticides, Cyprodinil (CP), Azoxystrobin (AZ) and Difenoconazole (DF), representing different structural features. The investigation focused on the influence of solubilisates in driving changes to the micellar nanostructures in the absence or presence of electrolytes. NMR and NOESY were applied to investigate the solubility and location of each pesticide in the micelles. SANS was used to reveal subtle changes to the micellar structures due to pesticide solubilisation with and without electrolytes.

FINDINGS

Unlike nonionic surfactants, the ionic and zwitterionic surfactant micellar structures remain unchanged upon pesticide solubilisation. Electrolytes slightly elongate the ionic surfactant micelles but have no effect on nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants. Pesticide solubilisation could alter the structures of the binary mixtures of ionic/zwitterionic and ionic/nonionic micelles by causing elongation, shell shrinkage and dehydration, with the exact alteration being determined by the molar ratio in the mixture.