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Lu Z, Yang H, Wu G, Shan P, Lin H, He P, Zhao J, Yang Y, Zhou H. A "Liquid-In-Solid" Electrolyte for High-Voltage Anode-Free Rechargeable Sodium Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404569. [PMID: 38857594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing anode-free batteries is the ultimate goal in pursuit of high energy density and safety. It is more urgent for sodium (Na)-based batteries due to its inherently low energy density and safety hazards induced by highly reactive Na metal anodes. However, there is no electrolyte that can meet the demanding Na plating-stripping Coulomb efficiency (CE) while resisting oxidative decomposition at high voltages for building stable anode-free Na batteries. Here, a "liquid-in-solid" electrolyte design strategy is proposed to integrate target performances of liquid and solid-state electrolytes. Breaking through the Na+ transport channel of Na-containing zeolite molecular sieve by ion-exchange and confining aggregated liquid ether electrolytes in the nanopore and void of zeolites, it achieves excellent high-voltage stability enabled by solid-state zeolite electrolytes, while inheriting the ultra-high CE (99.84%) from liquid ether electrolytes. When applied in a 4.25 V-class anode-free Na battery, an ultra-high energy density of 412 W h kg-1 (based on the active material of both cathodes and anodes) can be reached, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art graphite||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the assembled anode-free pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability, and a high capacity retention of 89.2% can be preserved after 370 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Lu
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Huijun Yang
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Gang Wu
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Peizhao Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro-structures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junmei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Graduate School of System and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Micro-structures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Micro-structures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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Gravelle S, Haber-Pohlmeier S, Mattea C, Stapf S, Holm C, Schlaich A. NMR Investigation of Water in Salt Crusts: Insights from Experiments and Molecular Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37207369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation of water from bare soil is often accompanied by the formation of a layer of crystallized salt, a process that must be understood in order to address the issue of soil salinization. Here, we use nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion measurements to better understand the dynamic properties of water within two types of salt crusts: sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Our experimental results display a stronger dispersion of the relaxation time T1 with frequency for the case of sodium sulfate as compared to sodium chloride salt crusts. To gain insight into these results, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of salt solutions confined within slit nanopores made of either NaCl or Na2SO4. We find a strong dependence of the value of the relaxation time T1 on pore size and salt concentration. Our simulations reveal the complex interplay between the adsorption of ions at the solid surface, the structure of water near the interface, and the dispersion of T1 at low frequency, which we attribute to adsorption-desorption events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gravelle
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabina Haber-Pohlmeier
- Institut für Wasser und Umweltsystemmodellierung, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carlos Mattea
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Siegfried Stapf
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Schlaich
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SC SimTech), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Eberbach M, Huinink HP, Shkatulov AI, Fischer HR, Adan OCG. The Effect of Nanoconfinement on Deliquescence of CuCl 2 Is Stronger than on Hydration. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:1343-1354. [PMID: 36879773 PMCID: PMC9983011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hydration of salts has gained particular interest within the frame of thermochemical energy storage. Most salt hydrates expand when absorbing water and shrink when desorbing, which decreases the macroscopic stability of salt particles. In addition, the salt particle stability can be compromised by a transition to an aqueous salt solution, called deliquescence. The deliquescence often leads to a conglomeration of the salt particles, which can block the mass and heat flow through a reactor. One way of macroscopically stabilizing the salt concerning expansion, shrinkage, and conglomeration is the confinement inside a porous material. To study the effect of nanoconfinement, composites of CuCl2 and mesoporous silica (pore size 2.5-11 nm) were prepared. Study of sorption equilibrium showed that the pore size had little or no effect on the onsets of (de)hydration phase transition of the CuCl2 inside the silica gel pores. At the same time, isothermal measurements showed a significant lowering of the deliquescence onset in water vapor pressure. The lowering of the deliquescence onset leads to its overlap with hydration transition for the smallest pores (<3.8 nm). A theoretical consideration of the described effects is given in the framework of nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela
C. Eberbach
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- EIRES, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Huinink
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- EIRES, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr I. Shkatulov
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- German
Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut R. Fischer
- TNO
Materials Solutions, High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf C. G. Adan
- Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- TNO
Materials Solutions, High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Cellcius
BV, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Talreja-Muthreja T, Linnow K, Enke D, Steiger M. Deliquescence of NaCl Confined in Nanoporous Silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10963-10974. [PMID: 36037488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The deliquescence behavior of salt nanocrystals is different from that of bulk crystals. Here, we report the first systematic measurements of the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of sodium chloride crystals confined in various nanoporous silica materials with pore diameters ranging from 8 to 89 nm. Deliquescence humidities were determined by water vapor sorption measurements. In comparison to the DRH of bulk NaCl crystals (75.3% RH), the DRH decreases from 73 to 58% as the pore size decreases from 89 to 8 nm. In contrast, according to literature data, the DRH of NaCl aerosol nanoparticles increases with decreasing crystal size. A thermodynamic model approach, based on the combined use of an ion-interaction model, the Laplace equation, and the Kelvin equation, is used to calculate the influence of the confinement in nanopores on the solid-liquid and liquid-vapor phase equilibria. These calculations reveal that the main reason for the decrease in the DRH in nanopores is the concave curvature of the liquid-vapor interface that is formed during deliquescence. The same model approach shows that the increase in DRH of nanosized aerosol particles is due to the convex curvature of the liquid-vapor interface, whereas the effect of increases in solubility with decreasing crystal size is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Talreja-Muthreja
- University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Linnow
- University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Steiger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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