1
|
Birla PN, Arbuj S, Chauhan R, Shinde M, Rane S, Gosavi S, Kale B. Nanostructured electroless Ni deposited SnO 2 for solar hydrogen production. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:17838-17851. [PMID: 39248022 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, Ni-decorated SnO2 (Ni@SnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized using SnO2 as a matrix via a simple electroless deposition method for the generation of hydrogen, a potent near-future fuel. XRD analysis confirmed the generation of rutile SnO2 in Ni@SnO2. FESEM and FETEM imaging exhibited the formation of SnO2 nanoparticles with a size of 10-50 nm, which are deposited with Ni nanoparticles (5-7 nm) and intermittent films (thickness 1-2 nm). The associated EDS elemental mapping validated Ni deposition on the surface of the SnO2 nanoparticles, further supplemented by FTIR, Raman and XPS analysis. Slight red shifts in the band gaps of the Ni@SnO2 nanostructures (in the range of 3.53-3.65 eV) compared to the pristine SnO2 nanoparticles (3.72 eV) were observed. Also, intensity quenching of the band gap and associated defect peaks were observed in PL analysis. The Ni@SnO2 nanostructures were used as photocatalysts and exhibited proficient hydrogen evolution. Among the samples, the 0.3 wt% Ni@SnO2 nanostructures showed the greatest hydrogen evolution, i.e., ∼50 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation versus pristine SnO2 (8.5 μmol g-1 h-1) owing to the enhanced density of active sites and effective charge separation. It is noteworthy that the hydrogen evolution is much better as compared to earlier reports of Pt-doped-SnO2 based materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Birla
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Off Pashan Road, Panchwati, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Sudhir Arbuj
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Off Pashan Road, Panchwati, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environment Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Manish Shinde
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Off Pashan Road, Panchwati, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Sunit Rane
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Off Pashan Road, Panchwati, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Suresh Gosavi
- Department of Environment Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Bharat Kale
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Off Pashan Road, Panchwati, Pune-411008, India.
- Material Science Department, MITWPU, University Paud Road, Pune 38, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parmanbek N, Aimanova NA, Mashentseva AA, Barsbay M, Abuova FU, Nurpeisova DT, Jakupova ZY, Zdorovets MV. e-Beam and γ-rays Induced Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Copper Nanoclusters-Deposited Composite Track-Etched Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:659. [PMID: 37505025 PMCID: PMC10385425 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Effective removal of toxic inorganic and organic pollutants is one of the current leading challenges of wastewater treatment. In this study, the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation was investigated in the presence of copper nanoclusters (NCs)-deposited polyethylene terephthalate (PET) track-etched hybrid membranes. PET track-etched membranes (TeMs) with an average pore size of ~400 nm were grafted by functional acrylic acid (AA) monomer under electron beam irradiation after oxidation with H2O2/UV system. The radiation dose varied between 46 and 200 kGy. For the deposition of copper NCs, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-grafted membranes saturated with Cu(II) ions were irradiated either by electron beam or γ-rays to obtain copper-based NCs for the catalytic degradation of MB. Irradiation to 100 kGy with accelerated electrons resulted in the formation of small and uniform copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) nanoparticles homogeneously distributed over the entire volume of the template. On the other hand, irradiation under γ-rays yielded composites with copper NCs with a high degree of crystallinity. However, the size of the deposited NCs obtained by γ-irradiation was not uniform. Nanoparticles with the highest uniformity were obtained at 150 kGy dose. Detailed analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the loading of copper nanoparticles with an average size of 100 nm on the inner walls of nanochannels and on the surface of PET TeMs. Under UV light irradiation, composite membranes loaded with NCs exhibited high photocatalytic activity. It was determined that the highest catalytic activity was observed in the presence of Cu(OH)2@PET-g-PAA membrane obtained at 250 kGy. More than 91.9% of the initial dye was degraded when this hybrid membrane was employed for 180 min, while only 83.9% of MB was degraded under UV light using Cu@PET-g-PAA membrane. Cu(OH)2@PET-g-PAA membranes obtained under electron beam irradiation demonstrated a higher photocatalytic activity compared to Cu@PET-g-PAA membranes attained by γ-rays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursanat Parmanbek
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurgulim A Aimanova
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya A Mashentseva
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, New Materials and Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fatima U Abuova
- Department of Nuclear Physics, New Materials and Technologies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara T Nurpeisova
- Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Ye Jakupova
- Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V Zdorovets
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, The Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Birla PN, Arbuj S, Shinde MD, Joseph S, Rane S, Kulkarni S, Kale B. Electroless Ni plated nanostructured TiO 2 as a photocatalyst for solar hydrogen production. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20068-20080. [PMID: 37409038 PMCID: PMC10318574 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have demonstrated a facile electroless Ni coated nanostructured TiO2 photocatalyst for the first time. More significantly the photocatalytic water splitting shows excellent performance for hydrogen production which is hitherto unattempted. The structural study exhibits majorly the anatase phase along with the minor rutile phase of TiO2. Interestingly, electroless nickel deposited on the TiO2 nanoparticles of size 20 nm shows a cubic structure with nanometer scale Ni coating (1-2 nm). XPS supports the existence of Ni without any oxygen impurity. The FTIR and Raman studies support the formation of TiO2 phases without any other impurities. The optical study shows a red shift in the band gap due to optimum nickel loading. The emission spectra show variation in the intensity of the peaks with Ni concentration. The vacancy defects are pronounced in lower concentrations of Ni loading which shows the formation of a huge number of charge carriers. The electroless Ni loaded TiO2 has been used as a photocatalyst for water splitting under solar light. The primary results manifest that the hydrogen evolution of electroless Ni plated TiO2 is 3.5 times higher (1600 μmol g-1 h-1) than pristine TiO2 (470 μmol g-1 h-1). As shown in the TEM images, nickel is completely electroless plated on the TiO2 surface, which accelerates the fast transport of electrons to the surface. It suppresses the electron-hole recombination drastically which is responsible for higher hydrogen evolution using electroless Ni plated TiO2. The recycling study exhibits a similar amount of hydrogen evolution at similar conditions which shows the stability of the Ni loaded sample. Interestingly, Ni powder loaded TiO2 did not show any hydrogen evolution. Hence, the approach of electroless plating of nickel over the semiconductor surface will have potential as a good photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Birla
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| | - Sudhir Arbuj
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| | - Manish D Shinde
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| | - Shany Joseph
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| | - Sunit Rane
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| | - Sulabha Kulkarni
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| | - Bharat Kale
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Panchavati Pune 411008 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hossain UH, Jantsen G, Muench F, Kunz U, Ensinger W. Increasing the structural and compositional diversity of ion-track templated 1D nanostructures through multistep etching, plastic deformation, and deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:245603. [PMID: 35235910 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac59e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ion-track etching represents a highly versatile way of introducing artificial pores with diameters down into the nm-regime into polymers, which offers considerable synthetic flexibility in template-assisted nanofabrication schemes. While the mechanistic foundations of ion-track technology are well understood, its potential for creating structurally and compositionally complex nano-architectures is far from being fully tapped. In this study, we showcase different strategies to expand the synthetic repertoire of ion-track membrane templating by creating several new 1D nanostructures, namely metal nanotubes of elliptical cross-section, funnel-shaped nanotubes optionally overcoated with titania or nickel nanospike layers, and concentrical as well as stacked metal nanotube-nanowire heterostructures. These nano-architectures are obtained solely by applying different wet-chemical deposition methods (electroless plating, electrodeposition, and chemical bath deposition) to ion-track etched polycarbonate templates, whose pore geometry is modified through plastic deformation, consecutive etching steps under differing conditions, and etching steps intermitted by spatially confined deposition, providing new motifs for nanoscale replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U H Hossain
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Materials Science, Materials Analysis, Alarich-Weiss-Str.2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Jantsen
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Materials Science, Materials Analysis, Alarich-Weiss-Str.2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Muench
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Materials Science, Materials Analysis, Alarich-Weiss-Str.2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - U Kunz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Materials Science, Materials Analysis, Alarich-Weiss-Str.2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Ensinger
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Materials Science, Materials Analysis, Alarich-Weiss-Str.2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng A, Jin L, Yang J, Li W, Wang Z, Yang F, Zhan D, Tian Z. Advances in Pretreatments for Electroless Copper Plating on Polymer Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Muench
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gui C, Ma H, Zhang R, Liu Y, Li H, Huang J, Li P. Stability Analysis: Rational Design of a Ag Nanoparticle/Polymer Brush for Fabricating Cu Coating on a PET Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5673-5681. [PMID: 33929870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excellent stability of a catalytic center would facilitate the prolongation of the cycle of a chemical plating bath and the reduction of environmental pollution. In this study, silane (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (KH560)) was incorporated in AgNO3 solution to rationally prepare a Ag nanoparticle/polymer brush (Ag/PB) catalytic solution. The effects of the KH560 relative content on the Ag/PB structure and stability were studied. The epoxy group in the KH560 could react with an amino group in the KH550 through direct ring-opening reaction to form a secondary amino group and hydroxyl, which could coadsorb Ag nanoparticles by means of a chelating structure; hence, Ag/PB with superior Ag-adsorbed intensity was established on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface. Ag particles on PB with 75% KH560 revealed the best stability of those measured, and the relative Ag surplus was 56.7% after stability testing. The generated Ag/PB that served as catalytic centers to catalyze the electroless copper plating resulted in a facile technology for preparing Cu/PET composite material. This means that the technology has potential application in a green process for preparing metal/polymer composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Gui
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 230009, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Haodong Ma
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Ruxia Zhang
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
- School of Materials and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Hefei Lucky & Technology Industry Co. Ltd, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Honglin Li
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Junjun Huang
- School of Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
- Hefei Lucky & Technology Industry Co. Ltd, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Peng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mashentseva AA, Barsbay M, Aimanova NA, Zdorovets MV. Application of Silver-Loaded Composite Track-Etched Membranes for Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methylene Blue under Visible Light. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:60. [PMID: 33467710 PMCID: PMC7830284 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the use of composite track-etched membranes (TeMs) based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and electrolessly deposited silver microtubes (MTs) for the decomposition of toxic phenothiazine cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), under visible light was investigated. The structure and composition of the composite membranes were elucidated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. Under visible light irradiation, composite membrane with embedded silver MTs (Ag/PET) displayed high photocatalytic efficiency. The effects of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, temperature, and sample exposure time on the photocatalytic degradation process were studied. The decomposition reaction of MB was found to follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The degradation kinetics of MB accelerated with increasing temperature and activation energy, E a, was calculated to be 20.6 kJ/mol. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated for 11 consecutive runs without any activation and regeneration procedures. The Ag/PET composite performed at high degradation efficiency of over 68% after 11 consecutive uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassiya A. Mashentseva
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ibragimov Str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (N.A.A.); (M.V.Z.)
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Nurgulim A. Aimanova
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ibragimov Str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (N.A.A.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ibragimov Str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (N.A.A.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, The Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stohr T, Brötz J, Oezaslan M, Muench F. Dual Metastability in Electroless Plating: Complex Inertness Enabling the Deposition of Composition-Tunable Platinum Copper Alloy Nanostructures. Chemistry 2020; 26:3030-3033. [PMID: 31944457 PMCID: PMC7079153 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Autocatalytic deposition represents a facile, versatile, and scalable wet-chemical tool for nanofabrication. However, the intricate component interplay in plating baths containing multiple metal species impedes alloy deposition. We resolved this challenge in the bimetallic copper-platinum system by exploiting the kinetic stability of platinum complexes, which allows adjusting their ligand sphere and thus reactivity independently from the present copper ions in a preceding, thermally activated ligand exchange step. By using metastable PtIV precursors of varying degrees of complexation, copper-platinum alloys of adjustable atomic ratio were plated from solutions of identical composition and concentration, but differing local coordination environment. Due to its excellent conformity and nanoscale homogeneity, the reaction is compatible with ambitious 3D substrate morphologies, as demonstrated in the template-assisted fabrication of nanotubes with high aspect ratio. The ability to generate additional synthetic degrees of freedom by decoupling the metal complex speciation from the solution composition is of large interest for redox-chemical synthesis techniques, such as electrodeposition or nanoparticle colloid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stohr
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Joachim Brötz
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Institute of Technical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
- Department of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
| | - Falk Muench
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stohr T, Fischer A, Muench F, Antoni M, Wollstadt S, Lohaus C, Kunz U, Clemens O, Klein A, Ensinger W. Electroless Nanoplating of Pd−Pt Alloy Nanotube Networks: Catalysts with Full Compositional Control for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stohr
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Angelina Fischer
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Falk Muench
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Antoni
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Stephan Wollstadt
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christian Lohaus
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ulrike Kunz
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Oliver Clemens
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andreas Klein
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Materials and Earth SciencesTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiß-Str. 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|