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Zhang L, Song A, Hao J. Polymerizable bijels prepared by a direct-mixing method. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13997-14000. [PMID: 37938091 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple direct-mixing method was proposed to use a union of silica particles and amino-capped silicone oil (diNH2-PDMS) as stabilizers to form bicontinuous emulsion gels (bijels) in wide mixing proportions of silica particle/diNH2-PDMS and oil/water with a tunable channel size of the spatial continuity, which was verified by the three-dimensional reconstruction viewer and curvature analysis. By direct polymerization of the oil phase as a template, solid materials were obtained with interconnected structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Xi Y, Murphy RP, Zhang Q, Zemborain A, Narayanan S, Chae J, Choi SQ, Fluerasu A, Wiegart L, Liu Y. Rheology and dynamics of a solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel). SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:233-244. [PMID: 36511219 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous structures promise applications in a broad range of research fields, such as energy storage, membrane science, and biomaterials. Kinetically arrested spinodal decomposition is found responsible for stabilizing such structures in different types of materials. A recently developed solvent segregation driven gel (SeedGel) is demonstrated to realize bicontinuous channels thermoreversibly with tunable domain sizes by trapping nanoparticles in a particle domain. As the mechanical properties of SeedGel are very important for its future applications, a model system is characterized by temperature-dependent rheology. The storage modulus shows excellent thermo-reproducibility and interesting temperature dependence with the maximum storage modulus observed at an intermediate temperature range (around 28 °C). SANS measurements are conducted at different temperatures to identify the macroscopic solvent phase separation during the gelation transition, and solvent exchange between solvent and particle domains that is responsible for this behavior. The long-time dynamics of the gel is further studied by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). The results indicate that particles in the particle domain are in a glassy state and their long-time dynamics are strongly correlated with the temperature dependence of the storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xi
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Aurora Zemborain
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Junsu Chae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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Ching H, Mohraz A. Bijel rheology reveals a 2D colloidal glass wrapped in 3D. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4227-4238. [PMID: 35607949 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present rheological evidence demonstrating the glass-like nature of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels). Under small amplitude oscillatory shear, bijels exhibited rheological signatures akin to α and β relaxation that are also invariable to interfacial tension changes, behaviors which are reminiscent of caged particle dynamics found in colloidal glasses, and well described by a previously reported adaptation of mode-coupling theory for colloidal glass rheology. Guided by their rheological signatures and supported by particle detachment and attraction energy approximations, we rationalize that bijels can be represented as 2-dimensional (2D) colloidal glasses that percolate in 3-dimensional (3D) space, and attractive interactions are not required for their stability. To provide further support for this conjecture, we qualitatively compare the rheology of bijels and a capillary suspension that is stabilized by strong, rigid capillary bridges between the particles, beyond their limit of linear viscoelasticity. Our results demonstrate that the strong adsorption of particles to the continuous interface and the lack of strong attractive interparticle forces enable recovery by interfacial tension into new jammed configurations after shear deformation. These behaviors are qualitatively different from those in the capillary suspension, where the breaking of attractive interparticle bonds results in dramatic changes to the microstructure and rheology over a narrow range of shear amplitudes. Our findings unveil bijels as 2D colloidal glasses weaving in 3D space and establish that interparticle attractions are not required for stability in bijels, and interfacial jamming alone is sufficient to impart viscoelasticity and gel-like rheology to these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Ching
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2580, USA.
| | - Ali Mohraz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2580, USA.
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Qian X, Peng G, Ge L, Wu D. Water-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by the starch nanocrystals with various surface modifications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1613-1624. [PMID: 34592548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Using the platelet-like starch nanocrystals (SNCs) to stabilize emulsions is attractive because as-prepared emulsions have promising applications in cosmetics and food fields. Limited studies mainly focus on the oil-in-water system, and another important system, the water-in-water emulsions stabilized by SNCs, has not yet been unveiled. EXPERIMENTS Two surface modification strategies, crosslinking and acetylation, were applied to tune surface property and aggregation of SNCs, and a common all-aqueous system (dextran/poly(ethylene glycol)) was used here as template. The viscoelasticity and morphology of emulsions were studied in terms of the SNC loadings and polymer ratios. FINDINGS Crosslinking results in aggregation of SNCs, and the particle size increases (from 110 nm to 370 nm) with increased levels of substitution. This favors improving emulsifying ability of particles. Acetylation decreases the particle size (∼90 nm) and weakens the affinity of SNCs to the two aqueous phases, improving the emulsifying efficiency of SNCs. More intriguingly, the two emulsion systems show different phase inversion behaviors. The depletion-stabilization mechanism for the cross-linked SNCs and the diffusion-controlled mechanism for the acetylated SNCs are proposed using the emulsion viscoelasticity as probe. This study makes a comprehensive insight into the regulation of water-in-water emulsion morphology and types with the platelet-like SNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Guangni Peng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Lingling Ge
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China
| | - Defeng Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratories of Environmental Engineering & Materials, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225002, PR China.
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Aqueous foams and emulsions stabilized by mixtures of silica nanoparticles and surfactants: A state-of-the-art review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Shekhar C, Kiran A, Mehandia V, Dugyala VR, Sabapathy M. Droplet-Bijel-Droplet Transition in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Stabilized by Oppositely Charged Nanoparticles: A Simple Pathway to Fabricate Bijels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7055-7066. [PMID: 34096292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel yet straightforward methodology of stabilizing aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) using oppositely charged nanoparticles (OCNPs). We employ commercial-grade, Ludox, OCNPs to induce self-assembly. This self-assembly route promotes the stronger adsorption of nanoparticles at the water-water interface by triggering the formation of 2D and 3D aggregates of varying sizes and shapes. The interplay of this size and shape promotes stability due to increased Gibbs detachment energy and modulates the resulting cluster adsorption at the interface, thereby the structural state of emulsions. We demonstrate the influence of polymers' and particles' composition on the structural transformation from droplet-bijel-droplet using a phase diagram. For the first time, such a structural transition and the single pathway are reported within the domain of ATPS to produce stable bijels or colloidal capsules. It is asserted that the essential condition of three-phase contact angle (θ) = 90° to favor the formation of bijels can be established by selecting a suitable experimental condition using a phase diagram without employing any complicated surface modification procedures reported in the literature. Further, the mechanistic route favoring the formation of bijels and emulsion droplets at different experimental regimes is presented based on the empirical study using turbidity and zeta potential measurements. These studies reveal that the formation of bijels will be most favored when the parameter M (ratio of weight fraction of positively charged nanoparticles to negatively charged nanoparticles) is chosen between 0.7 and 4. It is intriguing to note the fact that, while the droplets stabilized by OCNPs have shown good resilience under high centrifugal action, the bijels produced in this way continued to remain stable for a long time, offering a facile route to prepare the bijels with a hierarchical bicontinuous network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Vishwajeet Mehandia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
| | - Venkateshwar Rao Dugyala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Manigandan Sabapathy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
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Two step yielding in soft materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 282:102179. [PMID: 32622151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A review is presented on the topic of two-step yielding observed in complex fluids that cover a broad variety of materials ranging from colloidal gels, attractive glasses, emulsions, suspensions, and several commercial paste-like materials. The common features in various systems displaying two-step yielding behavior are the presence of two characteristic forces between the interacting particles or two varying representative length or time scales. This focused review aims to provide physical insights, mechanistic understanding of the two-step yielding and other associated rheological consequences of this nonlinear behavior. A discussion is provided on the microstructural details with an overview of different experimental systems exhibiting double-yielding studied so far highlighting the similarities and differences among them. Particularly, the effects of continuous phase properties, dispersed particle phase factors (size, shape, softness and surface charge) and external force field (electric, magnetic, thermal and shear flows) on two-step yielding are considered.
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