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Sanchez J, Dammann L, Gallardo L, Li Z, Fröba M, Meißner RH, Stone HA, Huber P. Deformation dynamics of nanopores upon water imbibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318386121. [PMID: 39264743 PMCID: PMC11420158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318386121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Capillarity-driven transport in nanoporous solids is widespread in nature and crucial for modern liquid-infused engineering materials. During imbibition, curved menisci driven by high negative Laplace pressures exert an enormous contractile load on the porous matrix. Due to the challenge of simultaneously monitoring imbibition and deformation with high spatial resolution, the resulting coupling of solid elasticity to liquid capillarity has remained largely unexplored. Here, we study water imbibition in mesoporous silica using optical imaging, gravimetry, and high-resolution dilatometry. In contrast to an expected Laplace pressure-induced contraction, we find a square-root-of-time expansion and an additional abrupt length increase when the menisci reach the top surface. The final expansion is absent when we stop the imbibition front inside the porous medium in a dynamic imbibition-evaporation equilibrium, as is typical for transpiration-driven hydraulic transport in plants, especially in trees. These peculiar deformation behaviors are validated by single-nanopore molecular dynamics simulations and described by a continuum model that highlights the importance of expansive surface stresses at the pore walls (Bangham effect) and the buildup or release of contractile Laplace pressures as menisci collectively advance, arrest, or disappear. Our model suggests that these observations apply to any imbibition process in nanopores, regardless of the liquid/solid combination, and that the Laplace contribution upon imbibition is precisely half that of vapor sorption, due to the linear pressure drop associated with viscous flow. Thus, simple deformation measurements can be used to quantify surface stresses and Laplace pressures or transport in a wide variety of natural and artificial porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sanchez
- Institute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Lars Dammann
- Institute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Institute of soft Matter Modeling, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Laura Gallardo
- Institute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures, Hamburg University, Hamburg 20354, Germany
| | - Zhuoqing Li
- Institute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Robert H Meißner
- Institute of soft Matter Modeling, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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Gor GY, Kolesnikov AL. What Drives Deformation of Smart Nanoporous Materials During Adsorption and Electrosorption? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15949-15956. [PMID: 39037749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous solids have high surface area, so processes at the surface affect the sample as a whole. When guest species adsorb in nanopores, be they molecules adsorbing from the gas phase, or ions adsorbing from solution, they cause material deformation. While often undesired, adsorption- or electrosorption-induced deformation provides a potential for nanoporous materials to be used as actuators. Progress in this direction requires understanding the mechanisms of adsorption- or electrosorption-induced deformation. These two processes are rarely discussed together, and this Perspective aims to fill this gap to some extent, focusing on driving forces for both processes. Typically the main driving force for both is the solvation (disjoining) pressure, acting normally to the pore walls. However, in some cases, solvation pressure is not sufficient to describe the effects even qualitatively. We highlight examples in which the surface stress acting along the solid surface is an additional driving force for deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrei L Kolesnikov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Hua L, Shomali A, Zhang C, Coasne B, Derome D, Carmeliet J. Anisotropic Deformation in a Polymer Slab Subjected to Fluid Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4382-4391. [PMID: 38349330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous adsorbents can mechanically swell or shrink once upon the accumulation of guest fluid molecules at their internal surfaces or in their cavities. Existing theories in this field attribute such sorption-induced swelling to a tensile force, while shrinkage is always associated with a contractive force. In this study, however, we propose that the sorption-induced deformation of a porous architecture is not solely dictated by the stress conditions but can also be largely influenced by its mechanical anisotropy. In more detail, the sorption-induced deformation of a polymeric slab is investigated using a hybrid molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo algorithm. When subjected to water loading, the slab is found to swell along its normal direction and display an overall positive volumetric strain. Moreover, the surface roughness is enhanced as a response to the surface energy decrease induced by the water covering the slab external surface. Unexpectedly, the in-plane deformation of the slab material seems to be highly constrained, so that it is far below its normal counterpart. This anisotropy is enhanced when the slab thickness decreases. With a thickness of around 1.35 nm, an in-plane shrinkage is observed throughout the entire hygroscopic range. A theoretical analysis based on a poromechanical model suggests that the anisotropic mechanical properties, which are common for a slab material, are the essence of the constrained in-plane swelling or even shrinkage under the isotropic sorption-induced tensile forces. This study, unveiling overlooked mechanisms of sorption-induced shrinkage in mechanically anisotropic materials, provides new insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingji Hua
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ali Shomali
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble F-38000, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Dominique Derome
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Québec, Canada
| | - Jan Carmeliet
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich), Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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Emelianova A, Balzer C, Reichenauer G, Gor GY. Adsorption-Induced Deformation of Zeolites 4A and 13X: Experimental and Molecular Simulation Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11388-11397. [PMID: 37539945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas adsorption in zeolites leads to adsorption-induced deformation, which can significantly affect the adsorption and diffusive properties of the system. In this study, we conducted both experimental investigations and molecular simulations to understand the deformation of zeolites 13X and 4A during carbon dioxide adsorption at 273 K. To measure the sample's adsorption isotherm and strain simultaneously, we used a commercial sorption instrument with a custom-made sample holder equipped with a dilatometer. Our experimental data showed that while the zeolites 13X and 4A exhibited similar adsorption isotherms, their strain isotherms differed significantly. To gain more insight into the adsorption process and adsorption-induced deformation of these zeolites, we employed coupled Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations with atomistically detailed models of the frameworks. Our modeling results were consistent with the experimental data and helped us identify the reasons behind the different deformation behaviors of the considered structures. Our study also revealed the sensitivity of the strain isotherm of zeolites to pore size and other structural and energetic features, suggesting that measuring adsorption-induced deformation could serve as a complementary method for material characterization and provide guidelines for related technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Emelianova
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Christian Balzer
- Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Gudrun Reichenauer
- Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Gennady Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Zou J, Fan C, Zhang J, Liu X, Zhou W, Huang L, Xu H. Effect of Adsorbent Properties on Adsorption-Induced Deformation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14813-14822. [PMID: 34910489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-induced adsorbent deformation is of fundamental importance to geoscientists and engineers. To gain insight into the deformation behaviors of different materials, we presented grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of methane adsorption-induced deformation in slit pores. Adsorption isotherms and deformation behaviors of the pores were obtained for adsorbents with variations in solid density and affinity. The results showed that the adsorption-induced deformation depends on adsorbate loading, pore width, solid density, and affinity. The deformation at a given adsorption loading could be comparable between different solid densities or affinities because solid density or affinity is related to the solvation pressure as the driving force behind the deformation and also the resistance of the deformation. The interaction of these two effects controls the deformation behavior. We expect that our results will help to understand the adsorption-induced deformation in solids with heterogeneous properties and estimate deformation using the gas adsorption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Chunyan Fan
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Junfang Zhang
- CSIRO Energy, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Xiu Liu
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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Kolesnikov AL, Budkov YA, Gor GY. Models of adsorption-induced deformation: ordered materials and beyond. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:063002. [PMID: 34666316 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-induced deformation is a change in geometrical dimensions of an adsorbent material caused by gas or liquid adsorption on its surface. This phenomenon is universal and sensitive to adsorbent properties, which makes its prediction a challenging task. However, the pure academic interest is complemented by its importance in a number of engineering applications with porous materials characterization among them. Similar to classical adsorption-based characterization methods, the deformation-based ones rely on the quality of the underlying theoretical framework. This fact stimulates the recent development of qualitative and quantitative models toward the more detailed description of a solid material, e.g. account of non-convex and corrugated pores, calculations of adsorption stress in realistic three-dimension solid structures, the extension of the existing models to new geometries, etc. The present review focuses on the theoretical description of adsorption-induced deformation in micro and mesoporous materials. We are aiming to cover recent theoretical works describing the deformation of both ordered and disordered porous bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kolesnikov
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V., Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu A Budkov
- School of Applied Mathematics, Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, HSE University, Tallinskaya St. 34, 123458 Moscow, Russia
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academicheskaya St. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - G Y Gor
- Otto H. York Department Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
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Chen M, Coasne B, Guyer R, Derome D, Carmeliet J. A Poromechanical Model for Sorption Hysteresis in Nanoporous Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8690-8703. [PMID: 32866389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sorption hysteresis in nanoporous polymer is an intriguing phenomenon that involves coupling between sorption and deformation. Based on the mechanism revealed at the microscopic level by use of molecular simulation, a poromechanical model is developed capturing all relevant physics and yielding a quantitative description. In this model, the coupling between sorption and deformation is described by a poromechanics framework. More in detail, an upscaling process from the molecular mechanism is implemented to model the hysteresis through the state change of each element upon deformation. We provide two solutions of the model: a numerical one based on the finite element method and an analytical one based on uniform strain assumption. The results from both solutions agree well with the molecular simulation and experimental results, therefore capturing and describing adequately sorption hysteresis. The developed model illustrates that water forms different structural distributions upon adsorption and desorption. A parametric study shows that sorption hysteresis is influenced by material properties. We find that a softer material with stronger adsorbent-adsorbate interaction tends to exhibit more profound sorption hysteresis. The developed model, which relies on the concepts of sorption-deformation coupling and multiscale modeling from atomistic simulations to domain dependent theory, paves the way for a new direction of modeling sorption hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Coasne
- CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert Guyer
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Dominique Derome
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jan Carmeliet
- Chair of Building Physics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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