1
|
Du M, Ma J, Zhang Z, Wu G, Wu J, Wang H, Xie X, Wang C. Direct, ultrafast, and sensitive detection of environmental pathogenic microorganisms based on a graphene biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341810. [PMID: 37827618 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms in the environment pose a serious threat to global human health. This study developed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-field effect transistor (FET) biosensor to realize the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The rGO-FET sensors were prepared by in-situ thermal reduction method, and biorecognition elements were immobilized using a crosslinking agent to realize the surface functionalization of rGO. The rGO-FET biosensors can detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 as low as 1.4 CFU mL-1 within 46 s. The normalized current response was linearly correlated with E. coli concentration in the range of 1.4-1.4 × 107 CFU mL-1. The normalized current response of E. coli O157:H7 was about an order of magnitude higher than those of other microorganisms, indicating that the biosensor has good specificity. The current loss rates of the unmodified rGO-FET sensors and the biosensors modified with anti-E. coli O157:H7 after 30 days of storage at 4 °C were approximately 8% and 15%, respectively. Most importantly, the rGO-FET biosensors can directly detect real samples without pretreatment. Compared with other technologies, the rGO-FET biosensors can detect pathogenic microorganisms with a wider linear range in a shorter time, which is of great importance for the rapid warning and control of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, China; Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300161, China
| | - Jinbiao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300161, China
| | - Guangzu Wu
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300161, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300161, China; School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300161, China; School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xinwu Xie
- Medical Support Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300161, China; National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin, 300161, China.
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montero-Jimenez M, Lugli-Arroyo J, Fenoy GE, Piccinini E, Knoll W, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Transduction of Amine-Phosphate Supramolecular Interactions and Biosensing of Acetylcholine through PEDOT-Polyamine Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37851945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are important devices for the development of flexible and wearable sensors due to their flexibility, low power consumption, sensitivity, selectivity, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with other flexible materials. These features enable the creation of comfortable, versatile, and efficient portable devices that can monitor and detect a wide range of parameters for various applications. Herein, we present OECTs based on PEDOT-polyamine thin films for the selective monitoring of phosphate-containing compounds. Our findings reveal that supramolecular single phosphate-amino interaction induces higher changes in the OECT response compared to ATP-amino interactions, even at submillimolar concentrations. The steric character of binding anions plays a crucial role in OECT sensing, resulting in a smaller shift in maximum transconductance voltage and threshold voltage for bulkier binding species. The OECT response reflects not only the polymer/solution interface but also events within the conducting polymer film, where ion transport and concentration are affected by the ion size. Additionally, the investigation of enzyme immobilization reveals the influence of phosphate species on the assembly behavior of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) on PEDOT-PAH OECTs, with increasing phosphate concentrations leading to reduced enzyme anchoring. These findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of OECT sensing and highlight the importance of careful design and optimization of the biosensor interface construction for diverse sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Montero-Jimenez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Juan Lugli-Arroyo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo E Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alberti S, Piccinini E, Ramirez PG, Longo GS, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O. Mesoporous thin films on graphene FETs: nanofiltered, amplified and extended field-effect sensing. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19098-19108. [PMID: 34761778 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ionic screening and the response of non-specific molecules are great challenges of biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs). In this work, we report the construction of graphene based transistors modified with mesoporous silica thin films (MTF-GFETs) and the unique (bio)sensing properties that arise from their synergy. The developed method allows the preparation of mesoporous thin films free of fissures, with an easily tunable thickness, and prepared on graphene-surfaces, preserving their electronic properties. The MTF-GFETs show good sensing capacity to small probes that diffuse inside the mesopores and reach the graphene semiconductor channel such as H+, OH-, dopamine and H2O2. Interestingly, MTF-GFETs display a greater electrostatic gating response in terms of amplitude and sensing range compared to bare-GFETs for charged macromolecules that infiltrate the pores. For example, for polyelectrolytes and proteins of low MW, the amplitude increases almost 100% and the sensing range extends more than one order of magnitude. Moreover, these devices show a size-excluded electrostatic gating response given by the pore size. These features are even displayed at physiological ionic strength. Finally, a developed thermodynamic model evidences that the amplification and extended field-effect properties arise from the decrease of free ions inside the MTFs due to the entropy loss of confining ions in the mesopores. Our results demonstrate that the synergistic coupling of mesoporous films with FETs leads to nanofiltered, amplified and extended field-effect sensing (NAExFES).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Pedro G Ramirez
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), UNSL-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriel S Longo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng R, Colombo RNP, Zhang L, Nguyen DHT, Tilley R, Cordoba de Torresi SI, Dai L, Gooding JJ, Gonçales VR. Porous Graphene Oxide Films Prepared via the Breath-Figure Method: A Simple Strategy for Switching Access of Redox Species to an Electrode Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55181-55188. [PMID: 33236632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials can be modified with physical barriers to control the transport of ions and molecules through channels via an external stimulus. Such capability has brought attention toward drug delivery, separation methods, nanofluidics, and point-of-care devices. In this context, gated platforms on which access to an electrode surface of species in solution can be reversibly hindered/unhindered on demand are appearing as promising materials for sensing and microfluidic switches. The preparation of a reversible gated device usually requires mesoporous materials, nanopores, or molecularly imprinted polymers. Here, we show how the breath-figure method assembly of graphene oxide can be used as a simple strategy to produce gated electrochemical materials. This was achieved by forming an organized porous thin film of graphene oxide onto an ITO surface. Localized brushes of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were then grown to specific sites of the porous film by in situ reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. The gating mechanism relies on the polymeric chains to expand and contract depending on the thermal stimulus, thus modulating the accessibility of redox species inside the pores. The resulting platform was shown to reversibly hinder or facilitate the electron transfer of solution redox species by modulating temperature from the room value to 45 °C or vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumei Cheng
- School Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedicine Engineering, and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Rafael N P Colombo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
| | - Duyen H T Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
| | - Richard Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
| | | | - Liming Dai
- School of Chemistry Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen S, Yang K, Leng X, Chen M, Novoselov KS, Andreeva DV. Perspectives in the design and application of composites based on graphene derivatives and bio‐based polymers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kou Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Xuanye Leng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Musen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute Liangjiang New Area Chongqing China
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aspermair P, Ramach U, Reiner-Rozman C, Fossati S, Lechner B, Moya SE, Azzaroni O, Dostalek J, Szunerits S, Knoll W, Bintinger J. Dual Monitoring of Surface Reactions in Real Time by Combined Surface-Plasmon Resonance and Field-Effect Transistor Interrogation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11709-11716. [PMID: 32407629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
By combining surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrolyte gated field-effect transistor (EG-FET) methods in a single analytical device we introduce a novel tool for surface investigations, enabling simultaneous measurements of the surface mass and charge density changes in real time. This is realized using a gold sensor surface that simultaneously serves as a gate electrode of the EG-FET and as the SPR active interface. This novel platform has the potential to provide new insights into (bio)adsorption processes on planar solid surfaces by directly relating complementary measurement principles based on (i) detuning of SPR as a result of the modification of the interfacial refractive index profile by surface adsorption processes and (ii) change of output current as a result of the emanating effective gate voltage modulations. Furthermore, combination of the two complementary sensing concepts allows for the comparison and respective validation of both analytical techniques. A theoretical model is derived describing the mass uptake and evolution of surface charge density during polyelectrolyte multilayer formation. We demonstrate the potential of this combined platform through the observation of layer-by-layer assembly of PDADMAC and PSS. These simultaneous label-free and real-time measurements allow new insights into complex processes at the solid-liquid interface (like non-Fickian ion diffusion), which are beyond the scope of each individual tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aspermair
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Universite Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, Universite de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ulrich Ramach
- CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ciril Reiner-Rozman
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefan Fossati
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Bernadette Lechner
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sergio E Moya
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182 C, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Universite Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, Universite de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johannes Bintinger
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klinghammer S, Rauch S, Pregl S, Uhlmann P, Baraban L, Cuniberti G. Surface Modification of Silicon Nanowire Based Field Effect Transistors with Stimuli Responsive Polymer Brushes for Biosensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E274. [PMID: 32155794 PMCID: PMC7143225 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the functionalization of silicon nanowire based field effect transistors (SiNW FETs) FETs with stimuli-responsive polymer brushes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Surface functionalization was confirmed by atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, and verified electrically using a silicon nanowire based field effect transistor sensor device. For thermo-responsive PNIPAAM, the physicochemical properties (i.e., a reversible phase transition, wettability) were induced by crossing the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of about 32 °C. Taking advantage of this property, osteosarcomic SaoS-2 cells were cultured on PNIPAAM-modified sensors at temperatures above the LCST, and completely detached by simply cooling. Next, the weak polyelectrolyte PAA, that is sensitive towards alteration of pH and ionic strength, was used to cover the silicon nanowire based device. Here, the increase of pH will cause deprotonation of the present carboxylic (COOH) groups along the chains into negatively charged COO- moieties that repel each other and cause swelling of the polymer. Our experimental results suggest that this functionalization enhances the pH sensitivity of the SiNW FETs. Specific receptor (bio-)molecules can be added to the polymer brushes by simple click chemistry so that functionality of the brush layer can be tuned optionally. We demonstrate at the proof-of concept-level that osteosarcomic Saos-2 cells can adhere to PNIPAAM-modified FETs, and cell signals could be recorded electrically. This study presents an applicable route for the modification of highly sensitive, versatile FETs that can be applied for detection of a variety of biological analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klinghammer
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Sebastian Rauch
- Leibniz Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (P.U.)
| | - Sebastian Pregl
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (P.U.)
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 639 North 12th Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.K.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|